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Der Klimaschutz liegt aufgrund der zunehmenden negativen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die pflanz­liche Produktion im Eigeninteresse der Landwirtschaft. Welche Auswirkungen unterschiedliche Pflanzenschutzstrategien, der Verzicht auf Fungizide sowie eine reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung auf die Klimawirkung der Weizenproduktion haben wurde aufbauend auf einem Dauerfeldversuch in Dahnsdorf in 2008–2019 untersucht. Die Bewertung wurden mittels partieller Lebenszyklus (LCA) durchgeführt. Im Durchschnitt über sämtliche Versuchsvarianten und Jahre lagen die Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) bei 3002 kg CO2eq ha‑1 und der CO2-Fußabdruck (CFP) bei 0,53 kg CO2eq kg‑1. Obwohl die Varianten mit wendender Bodenbearbeitung signifikant höhere THG-Emissionen je ha aufwiesen, waren Ihre CFPs nicht signifikant höher als die der nicht-wendenden Varianten. Die ertragssichernde Wirkung der Fungizide führte zu verringerten CFPs. Signifikante Jahresunterschiede zeigten sich bei allen drei untersuchten Parametern. Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit einer Bewertung über längere Zeitreihen und den besonderen Wert von Langzeitversuchen.

The flavin and heme cofactor containing enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is ubiquitously distributed in wood-degrading fungi. Current research provides compelling evidence that CDH is an activator for cellulolytic monooxygenases, which enhance the accessibility of crystalline cellulose surfaces for hydrolases. Such oxidative cellulose degradation contributes to the overall cellulolytic capabilities of wood decaying fungi to a large extent, and holds great potential to improve the efficiency of commercial enzyme mixtures for biomass processing and biofuel production. This review summarizes current literature with regard to the distribution, structure and physiological role of CDH in the light of recent findings.

Das hydrologische Modell SWAT wurde im Altmühl-Einzugsgebiet angewendet, um die 10. und 90. Perzentile der Abfluss, NitratStickstoff (NO3--N) und Gesamtphosphor (TP) für Ensembles von Referenz- (1975-2000) und zukünftige (2046-2070) Klimabedingungen zu simulieren. Der Vergleich zwischen den Ensemble-Simulationen in beiden Zeiträumen zeigt, dass die 90. Perzentile der NO3--N Frachten in allen Jahrzeiten in der Zukunft signifikant erhöht waren. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass Stickstoff einen größeren Einfluss auf Frachttransporte in der mittelfristigen Zukunft in dem Altmühl Einzugsgebiet haben könnte. Umgekehrt waren die 90. Perzentile der TP Frachten im Winter verringert und ansonsten ähnlich wie im Referenzzeitraum. Die Veränderungen der 10. und 90. Perzentile für den Abfluss unter zukünftige Klimabedingungen folgten den Niederschlagsänderungen und hatten keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf die extrem Nährstofftransportereignisse.

The skin is commonly affected in chronic inflammatory disorders and may act as a visual marker for internal or systemic inflammation. Frequent inflammatory skin diseases, like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD), are associated with rheumatic and inflammatory bowel diseases. Metabolic, mental and cardiovascular comorbidity are frequent consequences of chronic inflammation. Further intersections between skin and joints are connective tissue diseases (collagenoses) and can be observed in complex diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinically, these diseases range from predominant cutaneous to severe systemic implication of several organs. Localized scleroderma should be clinically distinguished from systemic sclerosis and treated sufficiently to avoid long-term damage and disability. Thus, interdisciplinary disease management is of crucial importance.

Objective: Treatment of fractures of the proximal femur by open reduction and internal fixation is prone to complications and frequently requiring secondary joint replacement. The aim of the present study was to examine the results of total hip arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for failed internal fixation of femoral or acetabular fractures., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied 145 patients who had undergone 146 total hip arthroplasties for failed internal fixation of femoral (n = 135) or acetabular fractures (n = 11). Mean follow-up time after insertion of the hip endoprosthesis was 7.1 years (1.5-14.7 years). Patient evaluation included a history, clinical examination, and standard radiographs., Results: Twenty-eight patients had died, and 18 patients were lost to follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis with revision of the implants as the end-point demonstrated 85 percent survival after ten years. Using the Merle d'Aubigné rating system, we found good or excellent results in 85 percent of the cases. However, only 73.9 percent of the patients were satisfied with their result, and 40.9 percent still showed a positive Trendelenburg gait at follow-up. The perioperative mortality was 2.7 percent. Surgery-related femoral fractures or fissures were observed in 18 cases, and deep infections in four., Conclusions: In comparison with data of patients who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis in our department, the results reported here after secondary hip replacement are clearly inferior. Nonetheless, alloarthroplasty of the hip still is the most effective procedure after failed internal fixation for acetabular or proximal femoral fractures.

In 106 shoulder joints of 94 patients suffering from calcifying shoulder (calcifying tendinitis), needling and lavage were performed. Patients were prospectively investigated before and after treatment to examine if location, size, number and density of calcium deposits would predict outcome after the above-mentioned lavage. Excellent and good results were seen for subacromial calcifications and those situated near the tuberculum majus. Density and number of calcifications were without discriminating value, whereas large calcium deposits (> 1,5 cm) and fairly small calcifications (< 1,0 cm) responded very well to conservative treatment as described above.

The german SIOP 9/GPOH trial and study registered 486 patients with Wilms' tumor (1/89-3/94). Preoperative chemotherapy was the general approach. The indication for primary surgery was limited (age < 0.5 and > 16 years, uncertainty of diagnosis, emergency). Wilms' tumors were operated in 482 patients (4 died preoperatively) in 78 centres. Surgical and histological reports were analyzed concerning intra- and perioperative problems and complications. A total of 60% of pretreated and 39.8% of untreated tumors had local stage I. Nephroblastomas ruptured intraoperatively in 6.0% after pretreatment versus 11.5% in primary surgery. A tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava complicated surgery in 3.1% of cases. A total of 14.3% of all histologically positive lymphnodes were correctly biopsied by the surgeon despite their normal macroscopic aspect. The overall rate of intra- and perioperative complications was low.