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Die in der Medizin verwendeten Maschinen, insbesondere deren medizinischen Instrumente bieten ein hoch kompetitives Umfeld, in dem der Kostendruck und die Komplexität der Funktionsanforderungen am Produkt, einem ständigen Wachstum und Weiterentwicklungen unterworfen sind. Durch die schnelle Entwicklung im Bereich der Medizintechnik wird es vor allem im Segment „Medizinische Instrumente“ herausfordernder, die benötigten Komponenten in immer schmaler gestalteten Dispensern zu integrieren. Zusätzlich besteht die ständige Forderung nach einfacherer Bedienbarkeit bei geringerem Preis. Diese Arbeit legt den Fokus auf den Bewegungsmechanismus, der für das Auswerfen der Medikamente zum richtigen Zeitpunkt benötigt wird. Zu diesem Zweck soll der Ist-Stand analysiert und im Weiteren ein vollwertiges 3D Modell im CAD erstellt werden. Diese Entwicklung orientiert sich dabei an der Konzeptfindung, dem verfügbaren Bauraum, der mechanischen Umsetzung des Bewegungsapparates und dem Maß der möglichen Funktionsintegration des Medikamenten Dispensers. The machines used in medicine, especially their medical instruments, offer a highly competitive environment in which the cost pressure and the complexity of the functional requirements on the product are subject to constant growth and further developments. Due to the rapid development in the field of medical technology, it is becoming more challenging to integrate the required components in increasingly narrower dispensers, especially in the "Medical Instruments" segment. In addition, there is a constant demand for simpler operability at a lower price. This work focuses on the movement mechanism required to eject the drugs at the right time. For this purpose, the current status should be analysed and a full 3D model should be created in CAD. This development is based on the concept finding, the available installation space, the mechanical implementation of the musculoskeletal system and the degree of possible functional integration of the drug dispenser.

Obwohl das Laserschneiden von Metallen ein etabliertes Verfahren ist, besteht ein erhebliches Verbesserungspotenzial hinsichtlich verschiedener Anforderungen an die fertigende Industrie. Dieses wird identifiziert und anschlie��end wird gezeigt, wie Verbesserungen mithilfe von maschinellem Lernen erzielt werden k��nnten. Als Grundlage daf��r dient eine Datenbasis, die die verwendeten Prozessparameter, RGB-Bilder, 3D-Punktwolken und verschiedene Qualit��tsmerkmale von fast 4000 Schnittkanten enth��lt.

Laser cutting is already an industrially applied manufacturing processes with high-claims on production safety, quality and productivity. Due to the different production situations, these claims are not always fulfilled. Focus of this work is the development and construction of a process control which governs with the help of a high speed camera process parameters based on specific process responses to a desired set point. The aim is to increase the production safety, the cut quality and processing speed for all production conditions. Basis of the development is the diagnostics and interpretation of high-speed video recordings of the laser cutting process. The use of different camera perspectives (coaxial and off-axis) will increase the knowledge about the generation of cut quality (ripple, dross) and determines parameter regimes and process responses that allow high or increased cut quality. With the improved understanding of the ripple generation, for example, a parameter regime for the gas pressure could be determined, in which the expression of horizontal diffraction grooves are reduced. These ripples increase the surface roughness of a cut edge and can be minimized by a moderate gas pressure. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that low melting dynamics, achieved by waves and strands on the cutting front, generate low surface roughness on the cutting edge. These insights are already laying the first foundation stone for the construction of a process control. Coaxial process recordings are used to identify specific process-responses for the parameters focal position, feed rate, laser power, nozzle adjustment and gas pressure. With the help of this process-responses it is possible to identify varying or different parameters specificly. Here, in the context of these studies, the focal position has the largest range of process responses. The intensity of the process emission, the standard deviation of the process emission, the kerf width, the cut front position and the intensity distribution is influenced by the focal position. However, specific to the focal position is the kerf width. Only for a varying laser power no specific process-responses could be identified. Due to the complexity of the laser cutting process the criteria of quality, detectability, controllability and nonstationarity are used to evaluate the process parameters in terms of their priority to the application for a process control. Here the focal position is the most relevant parameter. Already small changes in its position produce significant changes in the cutting quality and is although nonstationary because of the thermal induced focal shift. The iterative development of a process control is therefore demonstrated by this parameter. The developed control eliminates the nonstationarity of the focal position and keeps the focal position, with the help of the substitute criterion of kerf width, at the selected value. A concept for a multi-criteria process control rounds out the thesis. It shows the iterative extension of the focal position control with additional parameters.

Diamond lenses are highly desirable for a variety of optical applications including the operation under high-power, high thermal load and under harsh environmental conditions. We report on the realization of CVD-diamond lenses by deposition on structured substrates. Lenses with diameters between 2 and 5 mm and focal lengths between 3.2 and 5.2 mm were prepared. Substrates with a spherical surface or with an array of spherical impressions have been used. CVD-diamond of high phase purity was deposited on these structured substrates using microwave plasma CVD. The growth side of the diamond layer was polished and the substrate removed. Laser cutting separated the lenses. The plano-convex CVD-diamond lenses prepared with this ‘molding’ technique were characterized regarding flatness and spherical aberration of the individual surfaces as well as optical and thermal properties.

Lasersysteme, die in der Industrie verwendet werden und zur räumlichen Materialbearbeitung dienen, besitzen ähnlich dimensionierte Anlagen- und Führungskomponenten wie im Schwermaschinenbau. Die Vorteile einer masselosen Strahlführung in Lasersystemen werden oft dadurch beeinträchtigt oder minimiert, daß Strahlführungskomponenten eingebaut werden, die für eine hohe Führungsgenauigkeit sorgen müssen. Diese Strahlführungskomponenten haben oft große Massen und sind für die leichte Handhabung mit einem Knickarmindustrieroboter nicht geeignet.

Laser is an acronym for a physical principle and means: Light Amplification by stimulated Emission of Radiation . This principle offers a lot of tissue/light effects caused by the parameters: power density/time and the special qualities of the laser light. Nowadays for diagnosis and therapy following lasers are used in urology: Krypton- and Dye-lasers as well as the Neodymium-YAG- (nd:YAG-), Holmium-YAG (Ho:YAG-), Diode-, Argon- and the CO 2 -lasers.