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Objective: Valid knowledge about risk stratification is essential for the development of preventive approaches to reduce restraints., Methods:   This retrospective, monocentric study examined all 248 restraining measures used on 79 patients of a university psychiatric department in 2015. Eight institutional and seven patient-related factors were statistically calculated using logistic regression analysis and matched pairs., Results: A statistically significant increased probability of fixation was found in connection with a lower number of nurses per patient, a higher number of patients admitted by law, lower professional experience of nurses and in the nursing late shift as well as when admission occurred via emergency medical service., Conclusion: Based on the results, possible preventive organizational measures are elaborated and preconditions for a prospective evaluation of the complex factors influencing coercive measures are discussed., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Background: Currently, there is no comprehensive presentation of trends in oral diseases in the German general population over the last 20 years., Objectives: How did prevalences of caries, periodontitis, and tooth loss and their determinants change in Germany between 1997 and 2014?, Materials and Methods: We analysed data from 35- to 44-year-olds and 65- to 74-year-olds from the German Oral Health Studies ("Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudien" [DMS]) III to V and of 25- to 74-year-olds from the Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‑0 and SHIP-Trend-0). The decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT), the number of sound teeth, the community periodontal index (CPI), and data on tooth count and edentulism were analysed., Results: Regarding determinants, an increase in subjects with high school education, a slight decrease in smokers, and an increase in better oral hygiene patterns was observed in both studies. In 35- to 44-year-olds, the number of sound teeth increased from 11.9 in DMS III to 16.8 in DMS V, while in 65- to 74-year-olds the number of sound teeth increased by 5.9. A similar trend was observed in SHIP. In DMS, the prevalence of the highest CPI score of 4 decreased from 9.3% to 3.5% in 35- to 44-year-olds; in 65- to 74-year-olds, the 2014 prevalence was at the same level as in 1997 (10.5% and 9.8%). In parallel, the percentage of edentulous 65- to 74-year-olds halved in both studies. The number of teeth increased across all age strata., Conclusions: DMS and SHIP consistently showed an increase in the number of healthy teeth free of fillings, a slight reduction of subjects with a CPI score of 4, more tooth retention, and less edentulism. Because of more tooth retention and current demographic changes, higher periodontal treatment needs might be expected for the future.