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An anterior chamber lens (Binkhorst four-loop lens) became dislocated seven weeks after implantation. It was relocated in the right position by means of a small incision. In the course of the following 8 weeks the cornea opacified from the top downward. A penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Intraoperatively it was found that a strand of vitreous had pushed forward between the iris and the lens and was adhering to the back of the cornea. The piece of cornea removed was prepared for the scanning electron microscope. The microscopic findings are described in detail. They correspond exactly to the clinical diagnosis of complete tearing of the endothelium, considerable bullous changes in the parenchyma and degenerative changes in the epithelium. The scanning electron microscope reveals how severe pathologic changes in the cornea can become if a strand of the vitreous becomes adherent to the endothelium.

Scratched off corneae of 2 patients were examined under the scanning electron and the transmission electron microscope. Whereas in the scanning electron microscope the expected picture of the destruction of the epithelium in the upper zones of the cornea could be presented in the 1st case, the histological picture of the 2nd case shows in the transmission electron microscope the reaction of the influence of the noxa to the texture of the epithelial cells, to the protoplasm, and to the nucleus of the concerned epithelial cell.

Scanning electron-microscopic and transmission electron-microscopic examination of cornea affected with herpes simplex (DNS) and which developed the clinical picture of keratitis dendritica, showed typical test results, which are described in detail. The ultramicroscopic findings show that the metabolism of the epithelial cells is of considerable degree. It was proved that there were virus particles in the protoplasm of the epithelial cells. A comparison with a case of zoster keratitis showed the same morphological changes.

Lenses suffering from "typical senile cataract" prepared by "critical point drying"and by sprinkling with gold, were examined under the scanning electron microscope. The images thus obtained gave a three-dimensional representation of structural changes within the lens determined in histological investigations performed with the light microscope.