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The article reveals the role of a folk fairy-tale in the process of forming younger school-children’s morality. The folklore genre is characterized as an effective means for humanistic upbringing of children. The author gives the criteria to follow when choosing folk fairy-tales to form moral-and-ethical feelings of primary classes pupils.

Content, structure, diagnostics, and methodics of the work on development o f theatrical \ actor skills in preschool children is exposed to theoretical and experimental study.

This article deals with the questtion about the development of speech and mental activity б year old children at lessons of studing grammar material in the ABC period and also peculierities of psycological and linguistical raund of methodics of studing grammar offirst form pupils.

This article deals with the questtion about the youth clubs in out of school education and upbringing teenagers. With the help of the work o f youth cluds there is one more possibility of development pupils abilities, including them info the system of recearching and creative activity.

The article investigates the problem of studying a native language basing on stududent, speech activity at the elementary level a special aftention is paid to didactic conditions while using comunicative competence skill, of young pupils.

The article studies genre-thematic and communicative-pragmatic peculiarities of modern German detective stories, claims their popularity as mass literature works, specifies the narrative method. The focus is on linguopragmatic analysis of story titles as strong text positions that actualize a number of correlating functions (characterological, attractive, expressive, and emotive). Structurally and semantically various titles can either reflect the content of the story or mislead the reader, thus actualizing the function of defeated expectancy. The article defines structural-semantic features of titles as specific strong signs of a detective text that predetermine the reader’s “action schemes” as regards the comprehension of a whole content. Comparative ant contextological analyses reveal functional peculiarities of titles and thematic key words in the associative space. The genre of a detective is claimed as one of the most prolific genres of mass culture as it efficiently combines mass and elite types of culture in fiction. Strict thematic and stylistic frames of the stories under analysis are predetermined by content and composition stereotypes and aesthetic patterns. All together they provoke “action schemes”, i.e. genre and pragmatic expectations, in the reader’s mind.

"The phraseographic portraying of the fixed phrase scheme «Подумаешь + N1!» is fulfilled. It was established that its compulsory component is simple and it is represented by the full lexeme «подумаешь». The fixed phrase scheme is polysemic and derived. It is formed on the basis of a complex sentence. The compulsory unchangeable component of the fixed phrase scheme has zero lexical, grammatical and morphological paradigms. Its initial meaning is completely unactualized, it determined the lack of any syntactic relations between the compulsory components of the fixed phrase scheme. The compulsory changeable component has complete lexical and grammatical paradigm: it is represented by a noun (in the nominative case), a verb (in the Past Tense form), an adjective (in the nominative case), and an adverb. In addition the Noun is more frequent in the communication practice. The morphological paradigm is zero. The fixed phrase scheme possesses one optional component, intensifying the modus component of the fixed phrase scheme. The syntactic paradigm of the fixed phrase scheme is zero due to the inconvertibility of the compulsory changeable and unchangeable components order. The extension is possible; however, it is relatively rare. The co-occurrence of the fixed phrase scheme with other simple sentences in the text can predominantly have place within the scope of conjunctionless compound sentence. The analyzed fixed phrase scheme refers to the phraseological resources of the language, because it possesses all phraseological features: reproducibility, structural and semantic stability and integrity, idiomaticity, colloquial stylistic colouring, expressivity. The high expressivity level of the fixed phrase scheme is determined by multi-aspect character of idiomaticity feature. The fixed phrase scheme is frequently used in speech, because it has the high pragmatic potential."

The phraseographic portraying of the fixed phrase scheme «Так и + V finit (п.вр., б.вр., с.в.)!» is fulfilled. It was established that its compulsory component is composite and it is represented by the combination of non-interrogative adverb «так» and the intensifying conjunction «и». The fixed phrase scheme is polysemic: it has two meanings: «statement» and «negation». It is derived and it is formed on the basis of a simple unextended sentence according to the enantiosemical model. The compulsory unchangeable component of the fixed phrase scheme has zero lexical, grammatical and morphological paradigms. Its inner form is completely pertinent; it determined its permeability, and also the possibility of precise syntactic role qualification in the sentence structure. The compulsory changeable component does not have lexical and grammatical paradigm, because it is only represented by a verb. The morphological paradigm is incomplete and it includes the Past and Future Tense forms of the perfective aspect. In addition the first one is more frequent in the communication practice. The fixed phrase scheme possesses several optional components, detailing the fixed phrase scheme content and intensifying subjective and modal meaning of the utterance. The syntactic paradigm of the fixed phrase scheme is zero due to the inconvertibility of the compulsory changeable and unchangeable components order. The extension is possible; however, it is relatively rare. The co-occurrence of the fixed phrase scheme with other utterances in the text has entirely semantic character. The analyzed fixed phrase scheme possesses all phraseological features: reproducibility, structural and semantic stability and integrity, idiomaticity, colloquial stylistic colouring, expressivity and agrammatism element as well. The high expressivity level of the fixed phrase scheme determines the high functional frequency in speech, and the pragmatic potential contributes the increasing of the communication process effectiveness. Its speech realization requires context due to the meaning enantiosemy.

Российская империя в начале XХ столетия оставалась одной из немногих европейских стран, где не было подоходного налога, при этом в периоды острого дефицита казны правительство рассматривало возможность перехода к подоходному обложению и даже разрабатывало различные законопроекты. Но из-за нежелания лишить дворянство привилегий и усилить положение торгово-промышленных слоев общества идея оставалась нереализованной. Рассматриваются основные проекты введения подоходного налога в России, начиная с 1892 г. (наиболее разработанный в XIX в.) и по 1916 г. (принятый к реализации). Проанализированы исторические условия создания законопроектов; мнения о новации, которые высказывались во властных структурах, специалистами, общественностью; экономическая эффективность нововведения; результаты обсуждений. Вызывают интерес дискуссии, возникавшие в Государственном совете, на специальных совещаниях по вопросу принятия налога, поскольку выявлена следующая особенность: Министерство финансов было одним из немногих либеральных ведомств, последовательно выступавших за переход к подоходному прогрессивному налогообложению. Таких же взглядов придерживались низовые структуры Минфина – казенные палаты и податные инспекции. Остальные ведомства отмечали несвоевременность, сложность, ущербность подоходного налога. Рассматриваемый налог всегда предлагалось вводить не как основной в фискальной системе, а как дополнительный к уже имеющимся прямым и косвенным налогам, что было весьма спорно. С точки зрения экономической эффективности, планируемые поступления от намечавшегося сбора были незначительны, что окончательно обесценивало идею его введения. Принятый в 1916 г. «Закон о введении подоходного налога» воспринимался обществом как огромное достижение, но говорить о его результативности для государственного бюджета не приходится из-за событий 1917 г.

In the period 1226−1247 the order of the friars minor was in search of its social identity. This process influenced the administrative policy of the Pope and the French Crown. In the 1220s the Franciscans founded a lot of convents in South France which had no stable power institutions. The Franciscan order was to fill the vacuum of power. This capability was used by Gregory IX, the Pope. In the «Vita Prima» (1228−1230) Thomas of Celano created an image of alter Franciscus for Pope, who partly inherited Franciscus’ power over the order as the successor of his humility. So the Pope could use the Friars as inquisitors and fiscals. Further, the friars were used also by episcopal courts. Therefore, «Vita secunda» (1244−1247) excluded the possibility of alter Franciscus’ existence outside of the order. But in 1247 curia regis sent the friars to investigate bailli’s abuse of the royal power. It is argued that such employment was possible, because the King had appropriated «Franciscan» pietas. The «Vita Secunda» represented doctrine of piety, that taught, how to affect mundus and to turn from vice to grace. Further this idea would be developed by Bonaventure in his sermons to the royal family in the second half of the 13th century.

The written Chinese language has a broad scale of lexical meanings for articulating the ‘empty’ and ‘silence’ categories in all their essential aspects. The present study is limited to a discussion of the kong 空 cognitive term, in its single semantic case only, as ‘empty’ (‘emptiness’), coinciding normally with ‘silence’ (ji 寂, jing 靜); and of two poetic scenarios, which can be roughly defined as ‘dwelling in empty mountains’ and ‘dwelling in [an] empty chamber.’ The first of these is most typical of Tang lyric poetry, especially the works of Wang Wei 王維 (ca 701‒ca 761); the second, of poetry on amorous themes beginning with the individual verses of the second century A.D. In this paper I argue that in spite of all essential differences between these scenarios ‒ one praising living alone as escaping from social existence, the other representing living alone as loneliness, i.e. having an utterly negative sense ‒ both are grounded at bottom on ancient views of vision and audial perception. Their archetypical background is formed by the idea of spiritual movement, implying the ‘cutting off ’ of sensory perception in favour of self-concentration, which leads to the sharpening of receptive faculties for gaining keener and keener perception of all external things. Above all, the ‘empty’ and ‘silence’ categories appear to universally express the abundance of one’s surroundings and inner conditions, including mentality and feelings, which places these categories among the chief artistic techniques of Chinese lyric poetry.

The article deals with the problem concerning the practice of investigating deviant behaviour of teens in psychological and pedagogical literature. The problem of deviant behaviour is actual today for all the participants in educational process: pupils, pedagogues, parents.

Methods of students organization with the art texts in elementary grades is multidimensional. It provides the realization of all tasks of the subject of reading with the aim of studying of a specific product, characteristics of its genre, the level of the students' training. entirely of methodical tools of the textbook, the number of hours allocated to work the text. One of the important factors of art work of the word are emotions and the presence of reading experiences . Elementary school teacher must choose the ways of his work with the art work to make the vivid emotional feedbacks of the reader about the poetic word , to create emotional and aesthetic atmosphere .

The article deals with the problem concerning the role of group work in the process of schoolchildren learning. Group work in school didactics is considered to be a universal organizational form of educational process in modem schools. Scholars' and pedagogues' research on group work is supported by teachers in process of learning at school. However, a number of shortages of experimental checks on introduction of the forms of group work in educational process have caused numeral researches devoted to this problem.

The article deals with the problem concerning the role of pedagogical condition in the evaluation of pupils' cognitive activities. The system of education is Ю provide qualitively new level of general secondary, vocational and scientific training, all-round development of every person as a personality and the highest value in the society. According to the mentioned during the latest decades pedagogues have been improving forms and methods of training with the purpose of combining instructive, developing and educational objectives of the lesson. Significant place in didactics is taken among them by so-called non-traditional lessons.

The article deals with the problem of pedagogical conditions for putting o practice interactive methods of teaching in primary-school classes. The ways of improving the lesson, which are in the close interrelation with the organizational forms of younger schoolchildren learning activities in modern didactics are shown.

The article deals with the problem of peculiarities of putting into practice interactive methods of learning at the lessons of reading in primary school. The active model of learning provides the use of the methods stimulating cognitive and self-directed activities of a primary school pupil at the lessons of reading. Interactive learning comprises modelling life situation, using role plays, general problem solving though the analysis of conditions and an appropriate situation.

The article deals with the problem of speech culture organization for the 4-th form pupils at the native language lessons by means of folklore (spoken people’s creative work). The folklore promotes organization of the following positive qualities of the rising generation such as: audacity, honesty, adherence to principles, kindness and truthfulness, while using saying and proverbs in their speech pupils learn how to expound their thoughts and feelings clearly and laconicly, to put an intonation complexion on their speech and develop their ability to use a word creatively.

The didactic game plays a great role in the process of teaching in a primary school In didactic games the child watches, compares, classifies objects, carries out a simple analysis and synthesis and makes conclusions. Capable guidance of a didactic game presents the teaching material to junior pupils in such a way that it helps to form and develop their subjective vital activity.

Nowadays, it's impossible to adequately bring up. The generation able to build a humanistic society without children beaming of the norms of moral culture. Teaching be based on Ukrainian national traditions of respect of old people. There traditions bring up the sense of national dignity tolerance.

The article deals with the guestion of didactic conditions of the formation of junior pupils reading independence. The content of elementary literary educations consists in developing valuable habits of reading, pupils acguaintance with children's literature in combination of genres, author’s and thematic variety, in artistic — acsthetic perception o f the text and the book.

The aims of the lessons in the Ukrainian language, which are enlarging and activization of lexicon, forming and developing of the skills o f oral and written spuch, supplying of the mental development of pupils, are defined on the present stouge of the new junior school's development. The most important device of influence on a child is beauty and magnificence, power and expressiveness of native words. Children can understand the dupest colour of words through the words the beauty enters their souls.

The article is devoted to the using of problem tasks at the lessons of Ukrainian (native) language in the second and third forms as effective method of development of junior pupils cognition.

The article deals with one of the most effective directions of teaching the native language at a contemporary school. The authors give us different perspectives on the peculiarities of learning and upbringing at Vuldorphsky school. They pay attention to its prospects and make an accent on its expediency at Modem Didactics.

The arficle deals with the principal ways of creating situations containing some problems at the lessons of the native language on the primary school level. The system o f particular learning problems offered in the article greatly contributes in the form ation of active, creative and conscious personality.

The formation of the research interest may by effective enough if the close connection of the educational-cognitive and educational-research activities of pupils. Depending on the profound, process and reasons side of educational-research work didactic conditions must by organized by considerations of opportunities, abilities, and experience of pupils educational-cognitive activities,