Search

Historians have been in recent years among the most vocal critics against open access to scientific literature. Discussing the controversies they have triggered in Europe and in the USA, we argue that research on open access should be broadened chronologically and thematically. The first section recalls the very first debate on open access that took place among library professionals at the turn of the XXth century and points similarities with the present situation. The second section reviews the criticisms levelled by humanities disciplines against mandatory regulations on open access. The third section argues that the potential of open access for science democratization and knowledge dissemination may not be taken for granted and need further empirical assessment.

Economic literature acknowledges the impact of immigration on cross-border patenting and scientific publications. However, the role of immigration ows in the dissemination of knowledge in a broader sense is yet to be assessed. In this paper, I estimate the effect of immigration on the facilitation of online knowledge reagrding destination countries in the native languages of immigrants. To quantify online knowledge, I focus on one of the world's most viewed online knowledge platforms, Wikipedia. I combine data on immigration ows between the pairs of immigrants' origin and destination countries with contributions to Wikipedia describing the countries of immigrants' destinations in the languages spoken in immigrants' origin countries. I specifically focus on knowledge domains describing science and culture. In order to draw a causal inference, I use shocks to immigration due to economic and political crises as exogenous shocks to Wikipedia content and analyze subsequent changes in the contributions to Wikipedia. An increase in immigration yields more knowledge contributed to Wikipedia about science and culture in destination countries in the native languages of the origin countries. Interestingly, the increase in contributions is driven by anonymous contributors. In the Wikipedia community, these are considered occasional contributors who care personally about the topics they contribute to. The increase in content generated anonymously is driven by longer contributions.

Routinely collected health data, obtained for administrative and clinical purposes without specific a priori research goals, are increasingly used for research. The rapid evolution and availability of these data have revealed issues not addressed by existing reporting guidelines, such as Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely collected health Data (RECORD) statement was created to fill these gaps. RECORD was created as an extension to the STROBE statement to address reporting items specific to observational studies using routinely collected health data. RECORD consists of a checklist of 13 items related to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion section of articles, and other information required for inclusion in such research reports. This document contains the checklist as well as explanatory and elaboration information to enhance the use of the checklist. Examples of good reporting for each RECORD checklist item are also included. This document, as well as the accompanying website and message board (http://www.record-statement.org), will improve the implementation and understanding of RECORD. By implementing RECORD, authors, journals editors, and peer reviewers can enhance transparency of research reporting.

The use of arts-based research is shifting our understanding of what counts as evidence and highlights the complexity and multidimensionality involved in creating new knowledge. A scoping review of arts-based health research was undertaken to identify the breadth of peer-reviewed literature, summarize findings and identify gaps. A literature database search identified 71 original studies meeting our criteria for review. Studies were characterized by diverse art genres, designs, and substantive health topics. The arts in qualitative research were considered an opportunity for enhanced engagement of participants and audiences alike, a way to enrich communication and make research accessible beyond academia, and a method for generating data beyond the scope of most interview-based methods. Three central gaps were identified: the need for critical dialogue regarding the impact of arts-based health research, the need to focus on how the quality of such projects is judged, and the need to address the ethical challenges of engaging in this work. We suggest that the broadening of qualitative methodologies to include arts-based approaches offers more than simply adjuncts to typical data collection and dissemination approaches, and instead, presents different ways of knowing. We believe that this may be a significant moment in the field in which to question whether or not we are witness to a paradigmatic shift in the ways we approach inquiry into the social world and/or the emergence of an innovative set of techniques that researchers can draw upon to enhance traditional methods of conducting qualitative inquiry.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201327, Die Verwendung kunstbasierter Forschung hat unser Verständnis dessen, was evident ist, verändert, und die Komplexität und Multidimensionalität deutlicher werden lassen, die mit der Produktion neuen Wissens verbunden sind. In diesem Scoping-Review kunstbasierter Gesundheitsforschung inspizieren wir die Breite und Vielfalt begutachteter Veröffentlichungen in diesem Feld, skizzieren wichtige Ergebnisse und benennen künftige Forschungsrichtungen. Ausgehend von einer Literaturrecherche haben wir 71 Studien identifiziert, die unseren Kriterien entsprachen. Sie variieren mit Blick auf Genres, Forschungsdesigns und behandelte Thematiken. Insgesamt folgen aus der Nutzung von künstlerischen Verfahren die Möglichkeit eines größeren Engagements sowohl der Forschungsteilnehmer/innen als auch des Publikums, die Chance, Kommunikation anzureichern und Forschung auch jenseits der Universitäten zugänglich zu machen und ein Zugang jenseits der zumeist üblichen Interviewverfahren.Drei zentrale Forschungslücken wurden identifiziert: die Notwendigkeit eines kritischen Dialogs zur Frage des Impacts von kunstbasierter Forschung, zu deren angemessener Evaluation und zu ethischen Herausforderungen, die mit diesem Ansatz verbunden sind. Wir gehen davon aus, dass die Öffnung qualitativer Methodologien für kunstbasierte Studien nicht einfach eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit der Datenerhebung und der Dissemination der Ergebnisse bedeutet, sondern neue Wege des Wissens bzw. des Umgangs mit Wissen beinhaltet. Dies bedeutet möglicherweise eine grundsätzlichere Neuorientierung im Sinne eines paradigmatischen Wandels in der Art und Weise, wie wir uns als Forschende der sozialen Welt nähern mit einem innovativen Set an Techniken, die wir nutzen können, um traditionelle qualitative Forschungsmethoden anzureichern.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201327, El uso de la investigación basada en el arte está cambiando nuestro conocimiento de lo que cuenta como evidencia y resalta la complejidad y la multi-dimensionalidad involucrada al crear nuevo conocimiento. Se realizó una revisión de ámbitos de la investigación en salud basada en el arte para identificar el alcance de la literatura dictaminada por pares, resumir los resultados e identificar los huecos. Una búsqueda en la base de datos de la literatura identificó 71 estudios originales que cumplieron nuestros criterios de revisión. Los estudios fueron caracterizados por diversos géneros del arte, diseños y tópicos de salud sustantivos. Se considera a las artes en investigación cualitativa como una oportunidad para generar mayor participación de las audiencias y participantes, una forma de enriquecer la comunicación y hacer la investigación accesible más allá de la academia y un método de generar datos más allá de los ámbitos de la mayoría de métodos basados en entrevistas. Se identificaron tres huecos centrales: la necesidad del dialogo crítico en cuanto el impacto de la investigación basada en el arte, la necesidad de enfocarnos en como se juzga la calidad de estos proyectos y la necesidad de hacer frente a los desafíos éticos de participación en este trabajo. Sugerimos que la ampliación de las metodologías cualitativas para incluir enfoques basados en el arte ofrece más que simplemente adjuntarse a colecciones típicas de datos y enfoques de diseminación, pues presenta diferentes formas de conocer. Creemos que esto puede ser un momento significante en el campo en el que preguntar si o no somos testigos de un cambio paradigmático en las formas en que aproximamos a la investigación en el mundo social y/o la emergencia de una serie de técnicas innovadoras que los investigadores pueden aprovechar para mejorar métodos tradicionales de conducir investigación cualitativa.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1201327