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The diagnosis of vertigo syndromes in childhood is considered a difficult challenge. A correct diagnosis, however, makes successful therapy possible, prevents unnecessary investigations and alleviates the worries of parents. Migraine-associated forms of vertigo are very common in children (benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, vestibular migraine) and account for about 50% of diagnoses. Acute unilateral vestibular failure in the course of infectious and para-infectious labyrinthitis is also more common in children than in adults. Motion sickness is a frequent and relevant problem in children aged 4-10 years old. A number of rare congenital syndromes can occur with bilateral vestibular failure. Because of the relatively high frequency of brainstem and cerebellar tumors in children, MRI should be considered in all patients presenting with subacute central vestibular signs. In principle, all forms of vertigo known in adult patients can also occur in children; however, they must gradually be included in the diagnostic spectrum of the primary care physician (e.g., vestibular paroxysm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Cryobiopsies for the differentiation of interstitial pneumopathies Abstract: Definitive diagnosis of interstitial pneumopathy is often difficult. In order to establish antifibrotic therapy, it is necessary to narrow down the aetiology and, in up to 40% of cases, obtain histological confirmation. The establishment of the endoscopic method of cryobiopsy achieves a diagnostic yield of 76-80% with significantly fewer complications compared to surgical lung biopsy., Competing Interests: Die Autorin hat keine Interessenskonflikte im Zusammenhang mit diesem Artikel deklariert., (© 2024 Aerzteverlag medinfo AG.)

Objective: In addition to teaching theoretical and clinical-practical skills, the development of individual moral competence should be another core concern in medical school. However, research suggests that moral competence in students of human medicine stagnates or even declines during the course of medical school. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study investigated the moral competence of medical students at the beginning of their studies and during their practical year, as well as the effects of testosterone as a neurohormone on moral judgment., Methods: By means of a cross-sectional study, the moral judgment ability of 24 first-year and 16 practical year students of Hannover Medical School was recorded and evaluated with the Moral Competence Test (MCT) according to Lind. The testosterone serum level of the study participants was statistically related to the MCT results., Results: No significant differences between first-year (mean±standard deviation (SD): 13.16±8.21) and practical year students (mean±SD: 11.24±8.07) with regard to moral competence as per the MCT were identified (p=0.36). Higher serum testosterone levels did not show a statistically significant correlation with moral competence (r=-0.09, p=0.58)., Conclusion: Our results do not show a clear trend whether moral competence is lower in medical students in advanced semesters compared to the beginning of medical school and whether moral competence is influenced by the neurohormone testosterone. Nevertheless, it seems reasonable to implement moral competence training for medical students early, continuously, and as individually designed as possible during medical school (and to evaluate it in further studies) in order to preventively counteract stagnation or regression of moral judgment., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen und Autoren der Studie geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Background: Within the framework of the German pediatric screening examinations, the checks include visual functions. There is no ophthalmological screening examination in childhood in Germany. This study investigated whether participation in the pediatric screening examinations U8 (at the end of the fourth year of life) and U9 (at the beginning of the sixth year of life) is associated with the results of visual acuity, which are compiled at the school entry examinations (SEU)., Methods: This study evaluated data of the SEU for school the enrollment years 2009/2010-2014/2015 of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. In these years visual acuity was assessed using the Rodenstock visual testing device (E-hooks; Rodenstock intruments GmbH, Ottobrunn, Deutschland) wearing glasses if present. The association between participation in the U8 and U9 screening examinations and the presence of unilateral and bilateral visual acuity <0.7 was investigated using multiple logistic regression adjusted for important disturbance variables., Results: Data from 189,704 children (91,041 girls, 98,663 boys) from 35 out of 36 districts were included. A visual acuity <0.7 was measured in 8416 (4.4%) children and in both eyes in 4345 (2.3%) children. The participation rates in the U8 and U9 were 93.9% and 93.3%, respectively. There was a negative association between participation in the U8 and U9 and a unilateral or bilateral SEU visual acuity <0.7 (adjusted odds ratio, OR 0.68, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.61-0.75; p < 0.01, N = 124,467/adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.51-0.65; p < 0.01, N = 121,496)., Conclusion: The proportion of children with visual acuity <0.7 at the SEU was high. Children who were examined in the U8 and U9 had a better chance for a good visual acuity in the school entry examination.

Severe pharmacological side effects have an occurrence of 5-7% and represent a frequent reason for hospital admission. The prevalence of undesired pharmacological side effects during hospitalization is even higher with approximately 11.5%. The causes are often interactions between drugs due to the polypharmacy of multimorbid older patients. On average, a 65-year-old male patient will simultaneously be taking 5 medications. Due to the increasing use of systemic drugs in dermatology and the simultaneously increasing polypharmacy, knowledge of interactions between medications is essential for dermatologists in order to avoid severe side effects of drugs. This article provides assistance in order to identify patients and medications with a high risk for severe interactions and, therefore, to avoid the occurrence of undesired effects or the reduction of the therapeutic effects of active substances. We would like to point out that this article deals with individual aspects and does not mean that the testing of individual drug interactions with interaction programs can be omitted. It should also not be neglected that in addition to prescription-only drugs, foodstuffs, dietary supplements and herbs can also lead to interactions with medications.

Vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch - and the sixth sense, the perception of one's own body, allow for comprehensive interaction with our surroundings. This article provides an overview of physiological structures and diagnostic methods relevant for proprioception. In addition, the contribution of the proprioceptive function to the pathology of sensorimotoric disorders is described, and associated therapeutic approaches in neurorehabilitation are addressed., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)