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The article by Ines M. Breinbauer deals with the places of problematizing the use of reason in Jörg Ruhloff's work. Ruhloff was an important figure in scientific pedagogy, whose work may not be known to many young colleagues. The article examines the characteristic places of problematizing the use of reason and raises the question of the usefulness of such a topic. It also discusses whether a "topology" or a "topography" of argumentation is more appropriate. The text also deals with the transcendental-critical skeptical approach in educational and pedagogical philosophy, especially in the works of Wolfgang Fischer and Jörg Ruhloff. It emphasizes that pedagogical knowledge and practices should be critically examined to question hidden or openly proclaimed claims of ultimate justification. The text also discusses the use of transcendental-critical and skeptical thinking in pedagogy and emphasizes the importance of conflict and plurality in pedagogy. Jörg Ruhloff's contribution deals with the problematic use of reason in antiquity and the Renaissance. Ruhloff shows that conflict is a historical constant and that there is a dividing line between educational research and considerations of educational authority. The text also describes various contributions of the pedagogue Jörg Ruhloff to various educational topics and honors him as a role model in problematizing the use of reason. The given list contains a collection of publications by the author Jörg Ruhloff on various topics in educational and pedagogical philosophy. [Extracted from the article]

The author investigates the relationship of defence, repression and substitutive formation as it presents itself in Freud’s writings. He shows that Freud gives at least four different meanings to the term “repression”: Freud uses it interchangeably with defence, as a consciously intended forgetting, as a specific unconscious mechanism of defence and to describe the consequence of defence mechanisms leading to substitutive formations. The inconsistencies in this relationship are discussed and clarified and Freud’s economic and linguistic attempts to justify repression are subjected to critique as well as the need of a primal repression as a necessary condition for repression proper. In developing Freud’s linguistic justification of repression further, the author presents defence as a semantic displacement. Ideas are excluded from the realm of the concepts which belong to them historically. These presentations become unconscious, i.e. repressed, in that they can no longer be identified as “cases” of these conceptual internal contents. At the same time they are displaced into the extensions of concepts whose internal contents do not belong to them originally. It is by virtue of the internal contents of these concepts that the displaced elements as substitutive formations once again attain consciousness, albeit a false one. It is suggested that repression as a specific defence mechanism of its own should be dismissed, to reverse Freud’s thesis that repression as a rule creates a substitutive formation into its opposite and to understand that the mechanisms used to build substitutes as a rule create repression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)