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Purpose: Comparison of the central corneal refractive power before and after myopic LASIK using the Keratograph and the Pentacam. The Scheimpflug technique (Pentacam) enables the measurement of the corneal refractive power by examining the anterior and posterior corneal curvature., Method: The corneal refractive power of 59 eyes was examined before, 3 months and 6 months after myopic LASIK. The refractive power was measured at the corneal apex and at a distance of 2 and 4 mm. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test; a p value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant., Results: At the corneal apex and at a distance of 2 mm the findings with the Keratograph showed a higher refractive power of up to 1.05 D. The differences were statistically significant at all times. At a distance of 4 mm from the corneal apex postoperatively there was no statistically significant difference., Conclusion: The results using the Pentacam system showed a lower corneal refractive power following myopic LASIK at all times. Its measuring principle compared to that of the Keratograph should be preferred when detecting changes of the refractive power of the central cornea after corneal refractive procedures.

In Presidential Addresses to the American Psychiatric Association, at the beginning and end of his Presidential term (1991/92), the author acknowledges current scientific and economic pressures to simplify, but emphasizes and discusses the role of humane values and biopsychosocial integration as central and essential to good psychiatry now and in the future.

The oxidative degradation of glucose by E. coli was studied in the Warburg manometer. The pH of the medium was established in these studies at values between 5.5 and 8.0. Analysis of the reaction kinetics by plotting time/consumption curves shows that three consecutive reactions can be distinguished as the substrate is eliminated from the medium: An adaptation phase which is generally relatively brief is followed by two reactions, of which the first proceeds more rapidly or more slowly than reaction 3, depending on pH. The important feature in reactions 1 and 2 is that the oxygen demand is evidently independent of the initial concentration of substrate. In spite of these differences, if the reaction is regarded as a whole, there are no relations involving significant dependence on pH of medium. Neither the substrate-specific biochemical oxygen demand nor the reaction time necessary for catabolism show statistically significant dependence within the range of pH examined. It can be assumed therefore that E. coli possesses a regulation mechanism which compensates for unfavourable environmental conditions. The division of substrate catabolism into constituent reactions, combined with a change in concentration of pacemaker enzyme and a "competitive inhibition" may be of significance in this regulations.