352 results on '"HYPERKALEMIA"'
Search Results
2. Kalium - was Intensivmedizinerinnen und Intensivmediziner wissen sollten.
- Author
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Sakka, S. G.
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TREATMENT of hypokalemia ,INTENSIVE care units ,CRITICALLY ill ,POTASSIUM ,CONTINUING education units ,PATIENTS ,WATER-electrolyte imbalances ,PATIENT monitoring ,ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY ,HYPOKALEMIA ,HYPERKALEMIA ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Copyright of Anaesthesiologie & Intensivmedizin is the property of DGAI e.V. - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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3. Anaesthesia recommendations for Metachromatic leukodystrophy.
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Kanani, Shivan and Raviraj, Divya
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ANESTHESIA ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,GENETIC mutation ,RHABDOMYOLYSIS ,SPHINGOLIPIDOSES ,AIRWAY (Anatomy) ,ANTIDOTES ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,ANTICOAGULANTS ,TRANSPORTATION of patients ,DRUG interactions ,GENE therapy ,HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation ,HYPERKALEMIA ,RARE diseases ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder caused by a gene mutation resulting in the reduced production of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ASA). This deficiency results in the accumulation of sulfatides in the lysosomal deposits in the central and peripheral nervous system, which results in demyelination. It is a rare disease seen in 1-4:100,000. There are three clinical subtypes, based upon age of onset of the first symptoms: late infantile, juvenile and adult forms. The late infantile subtype occurs before 30 months of age, with psychomotor regression resulting in ataxia and areflexia. Peripheral neuropathy can be the initial symptom, before central progression. As it progresses, it leads to dysphagia, drooling and the requirement of a gastrostomy for feeding. Painful spasms and seizures are common and death occurs within a few years. The initial symptoms of adult-onset MLD include memory loss and emotional instability with slower progression to the neurological deficits seen in the juvenile forms. Non-neurological symptoms result from the accumulation of sulfatides in visceral organs. This can lead to gallbladder issues such as gallstones and cholecystitis. Other organs affected include liver, kidney, pancreas and intestines. The diagnosis of MLD is determined by progressing neurological dysfunction, widespread white matter changes in MRI, ASA enzyme deficiency in leucocytes, elevated urinary excretion of sulfatides as well as mutation analysis. There are currently no curative treatment options for symptomatic patients with MLD. Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been tested but results have been inconclusive. Gene therapy is approved for use in presymptomatic or very mildly affected children with the late infantile or early juvenile form of MLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
4. „STEMI mimics": ST-Hebungen im EKG: Alternative Diagnosen zum akuten Koronarverschluss.
- Author
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Grautoff, Steffen, Fessele, Klaus, Fandler, Martin, Knappen, Niclas, and Gotthardt, Philipp
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ST elevation myocardial infarction ,EMERGENCY medical diagnosis ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,EMERGENCY medicine ,ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY ,BRUGADA syndrome - Abstract
Copyright of Medizinische Klinik: Intensivmedizin & Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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5. Elektrolytstörungen in der Intensivmedizin.
- Author
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Schenk, Heiko, Schmidt-Ott, Kai M., and Schmidt, Julius J.
- Abstract
Copyright of Die Nephrologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) – eine wenig paradiesische Interaktion mit einem Statin.
- Author
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Sigrist, Katja, Winkler, Johanna, Westphalen, Andrea, and Yuen, Bernd
- Subjects
GRAPEFRUIT juice ,ALCOHOL drinking ,MYALGIA ,GRAPEFRUIT ,HYPERKALEMIA ,STATINS (Cardiovascular agents) - Abstract
Copyright of Medizinische Klinik: Intensivmedizin & Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2022
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- View/download PDF
7. Pseudohypoaldosteronismus Typ I: Seltene Differenzialdiagnose bei einem Neugeborenen mit Trinkschwäche
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Mezger, A., Ruland, A., and Ruef, P.
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- 2022
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8. 51/m mit Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand : Vorbereitung auf die Facharztprüfung: Fall 23.
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Wnent, J. and Maurer, H.
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ANGINA pectoris , *CARDIAC arrest , *CARDIOPULMONARY resuscitation , *ELECTRIC countershock , *ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY , *PERIPHERAL vascular diseases , *SURGICAL complications , *HYPERKALEMIA , *CORONARY angiography , *DISEASE complications - Published
- 2019
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9. Lebensbedrohliche Acidose nach Ingestion von ABC-Löschpulver.
- Author
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Becker, T. S., Schuhmacher, G., Stich, R., Eyer, F., and Knuefermann, P.
- Abstract
We present the case of a 31-year old male with ingestion of fire extinguisher powder in an attempted suicide. After consulting several poison information centres, the intoxication was initially classified as harmless; nevertheless, the patient was admitted to our intensive care unit for cardiopulmonary monitoring. Subsequently, due to the ingestion of ammonium sulphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate containing powder the patient developed severe metabolic acidosis with distinct electrolyte imbalance that required temporary haemodialysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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10. Sichere Behandlung der akuten Hyperkaliämie : Das 1:4 und andere Prinzipien.
- Author
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Groene, P. and Hoffmann, G.
- Abstract
Acute hyperkalemia is a dangerous electrolyte disorder, which must be treated immediately. It can lead to cardiac arrhythmia and death due to alterations in cell membrane potentials. The resulting alterations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) are multifarious and need to be rapidly recognized. Treatment consists of various stages. In addition to membrane stabilization, which is always necessary, potassium must be displaced into the intracellular space and then eliminated from the body. A commonly applied method for displacement of potassium into the intracellular space involves the administration of insulin-glucose mixtures, which is associated with many complications. In the clinical routine many prescription variations are applied, which do not always appear to be ideal with respect to the individual risk-benefit ratio. A practically useful and easily memorized insulin-glucose mixture has a relationship of 1IU insulin to 4g glucose. The therapeutic elimination from the body is carried out using an enhanced diuresis or the utilization of renal replacement procedures. Special attention must be paid to the continous monitoring of potassium and blood sugar levels. After overcoming the acute situation, attention must be paid to treatment of the underlying disorder and if necessary to readjustment of the long-term medication of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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11. Hyperkaliämie bei Patienten mit chronischer Hämodialyse (exotische Ursache, lebensbedrohliche Folge).
- Author
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Lüthi, Liudmila, Kistler, Andreas, and Nowak, Albina
- Abstract
Hyperkalemia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder potentially leading to cardiac death in patients on chronic hemodialysis. The prevalence of hyperkalemia among chronic dialysis patients is estimated to be 8.7-10%, the mortality due to hyperkalemia 3.1 in 1000 patient-years, about 24% of patients with ESRD (end-stage renal disease) require emergency hemodialysis due to severe hyperkalemia. A combination of medical interventions is recommended to bridge the time until the emergent dialysis. Dietary issues are the most frequent cause of hyperkalemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. After treatment, the cause of hyperkalemia must be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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12. [Can salt substitution or reduction replace pharmaceuticals for arterial hypertension?]
- Author
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W, Zidek
- Subjects
Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Hypertension ,Sodium ,Potassium ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Salts ,Sodium, Dietary ,Sodium Chloride ,Sodium Chloride, Dietary ,Diuretics ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Potassium Chloride - Abstract
Nonpharmacological treatment is still an important supplement to the pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Thereby, either an elevated blood pressure can be lowered further or, alternatively, the use of antihypertensive drugs can be reduced. In the context of nonpharmacological treatment of hypertension, sodium restriction plays an important role. Sodium intake can either be reduced by lowering excessive dietary salt consumption or by the use of table salts with reduced sodium content. Lower dietary sodium consumption lowers blood pressure. This was controversial for a long time; however, now more and more observational and interventional studies have confirmed this fact. Nevertheless, some studies have shown an association of low salt consumption with increased mortality. This observation is explained by the so-called reverse epidemiology. This means that diseases with increased mortality, such as consuming diseases or severe heart diseases are associated with lowered food intake and as a consequence, with lower sodium intake. In addition to sodium restriction, the use of so-called salt substitutes with lower sodium content is also effective in lowering blood pressure. In most of the salt substitutes examined so far sodium chloride is partly replaced by potassium chloride. Numerous investigations show that these salt substitutes lower blood pressure. From a statistical point of view side effects such as hyperkalemia are very rare; however, hyperkalemia is potentially life-threatening. Therefore, the broader use of these salt substitutes is principally helpful but these salts should only be used after medical consultation. Especially renal insufficiency and the use of certain drugs, such as potassium-sparing diuretics and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system increase the risk of hyperkalemia.Nichtmedikamentöse Maßnahmen sind nach wie vor eine wichtige Ergänzung zur medikamentösen Hypertoniebehandlung. Sie können den Blutdruck weiter senken oder alternativ Antihypertensiva einsparen. Bei der nichtmedikamentösen Hypertoniebehandlung spielt die Kochsalzbeschränkung eine wichtige Rolle. Diese kann entweder durch Vermeidung übermäßiger Kochsalzzufuhr geschehen oder durch Speisesalze mit vermindertem Kochsalzgehalt. Eine verminderte Kochsalzzufuhr in der Nahrung senkt den Blutdruck. Dies war lange Zeit umstritten, ist aber inzwischen durch Beobachtungs- wie auch Interventionsstudien nachgewiesen. Einige Studien haben eine Assoziation niedriger Kochsalzzufuhr mit erhöhter Mortalität gezeigt. Diese Beobachtung ist durch die sogenannte „reverse epidemiology“ zu erklären. Das bedeutet, dass Erkrankungen mit erhöhter Mortalität wie konsumierende Erkrankungen oder schwere Herzerkrankungen auch mit verminderter Nahrungsaufnahme und damit auch verminderter Kochsalzzufuhr verbunden sind. Neben der Kochsalzbeschränkung ist auch die Verwendung sogenannter Ersatzsalze mit vermindertem Kochsalzgehalt zur Blutdrucksenkung geeignet. In den meisten bisher untersuchten Ersatzsalzen ist ein Teil des NaCl durch KCl ersetzt. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen zeigen eine blutdrucksenkende Wirkung dieser Ersatzsalze. Statistisch gesehen sind Nebenwirkungen in Form einer Hyperkaliämie sehr selten. Eine Hyperkaliämie kann jedoch lebensbedrohlich sein, weshalb eine breitere Verwendung dieser Ersatzsalze zwar grundsätzlich zu begrüßen ist, aber nur nach vorheriger ärztlicher Beratung erfolgen sollte. Speziell eine Niereninsuffizienz und bestimmte Medikamente wie kaliumsparende Diuretika und Inhibitoren des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems erhöhen das Hyperkaliämierisiko.
- Published
- 2022
13. Diabetes und Nieren.
- Author
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Lindner, T.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Diabetologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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14. [STEMI mimics : ST elevations on ECG: alternative diagnoses to acute coronary occlusion]
- Author
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Steffen, Grautoff, Klaus, Fessele, Martin, Fandler, Niclas, Knappen, and Philipp, Gotthardt
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Notfallmedizin ,Übersichten ,Pulmonary embolism ,Aortic dissection ,Aortendissektion ,Hyperkalemia ,Emergency medicine ,Lungenembolie ,Intrakranielle Blutung ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,Hyperkaliämie - Abstract
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an integral part of basic emergency medical diagnosis and preoperative evaluation. In cases of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) immediate treatment is mandatory after correlation of ischemic symptoms with the ECG pattern. However, there are also ECG patterns that can imitate STEMI, possibly resulting in the true underlying diagnosis being missed and inappropriate therapy being initiated.This paper provides an overview of the most important diagnoses that can imitate STEMI on ECG.A literature search was carried out to determine the most important differential diagnoses of ST elevation on ECG. These STEMI mimics are discussed in detail and their relevance for emergency medicine is explained.This article provides an overview of differential diagnoses that should be known in emergency medicine when assessing an ECG with ST elevations.Good knowledge of the ECG patterns presented here can support decision-making in emergency medicine.HINTERGRUND: Das Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) ist fester Bestandteil der notfallmedizinischen Basisdiagnostik und präoperativen Evaluation. Aus einem ST-Hebungs-Infarkt (STEMI) folgt eine unmittelbare Behandlungskonsequenz, er muss aus Zusammenschau von typischer Klinik und entsprechendem EKG immer erkannt werden. Es gibt allerdings auch EKG-Bilder, die einen STEMI imitieren können. Dadurch kann ggf. die eigentlich zugrunde liegende Diagnose nicht gestellt und eine falsche Therapie initiiert werden.Erstellung einer Übersicht der wichtigsten Diagnosen, die einen STEMI im EKG imitieren können.Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, um die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen des STEMI im EKG zu ermitteln. Hieraus wurden in Abstufungen die notfallmedizinisch wichtigsten Bilder aufgeführt und deren Relevanz erklärt.Dieser Artikel ergibt eine Übersicht über die relevanten Differenzialdiagnosen, die notfallmedizinisch gekannt werden sollten, wenn ein EKG mit ST-Hebungen beurteilt wird.Eine gute Kenntnis der in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten EKG-Bilder kann helfen, schneller und präziser notfallmedizinisch relevante Diagnosen zu stellen.
- Published
- 2021
15. [Life-threatening hyperkalemia due to a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction]
- Author
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Lin, Zhu and Sandra, Schütze
- Subjects
Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Transfusion Reaction - Published
- 2021
16. [STEMI mimics : ST elevations on ECG: alternative diagnoses to acute coronary occlusion].
- Author
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Grautoff S, Fessele K, Fandler M, Knappen N, and Gotthardt P
- Subjects
- Humans, Electrocardiography methods, Diagnosis, Differential, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction diagnosis, Coronary Occlusion diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an integral part of basic emergency medical diagnosis and preoperative evaluation. In cases of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) immediate treatment is mandatory after correlation of ischemic symptoms with the ECG pattern. However, there are also ECG patterns that can imitate STEMI, possibly resulting in the true underlying diagnosis being missed and inappropriate therapy being initiated., Objectives: This paper provides an overview of the most important diagnoses that can imitate STEMI on ECG., Material and Methods: A literature search was carried out to determine the most important differential diagnoses of ST elevation on ECG. These STEMI mimics are discussed in detail and their relevance for emergency medicine is explained., Results: This article provides an overview of differential diagnoses that should be known in emergency medicine when assessing an ECG with ST elevations., Conclusion: Good knowledge of the ECG patterns presented here can support decision-making in emergency medicine., (© 2021. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Die häufigsten Elektrolytstörungen in der Notaufnahme.
- Author
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Schmidt, B.M.W.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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18. Volumensubstitution mit NaCl 0,9 %.
- Author
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Kümpers, P.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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19. Hyperkaliämie - was der Hausarzt wissen muss.
- Author
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Schnyder, Aurelia, Hüsler, Carina, and Binet, Isabelle
- Abstract
Hyperkalemia can be a challenge for the general practitioner as it can prove to be benign as well as life-threatening.From a diagnostic point of view, four possibilities have to be differentiated: a pre-analytical cause, potassium release through cell lysis, a potassium shift, a reduced renal excretion of potassium. The first differential diagnosis can often be carried out by a thorough medical history, in particular the medication intake. Also, the first clinical and laboratory investigations can take place at the general practitioner's clinic. If the hyperkalemia proves to be a true hyperkalemia or cannot be explained by poly-medication and known diseases of the patient, not yet identified renal, endocrine or cardiac diseases should be searched for. If a serious condition is identified as the cause of hyperkalemia the patient should be referred to a specialized clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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20. [80/f-Acute kidney injury and hyperkalemia : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: part 42]
- Author
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J, Klempin
- Subjects
Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Medicine ,Acute Kidney Injury - Published
- 2021
21. Nierenerkrankungen.
- Author
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Reister, B. and Keller, F.
- Abstract
Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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22. Wenn das Ruhemembranpotenzial aus der Ruhe kommt.
- Author
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Olotu, C., Nitzschke, R., Kiefmann, R., and Goetz, A.E.
- Subjects
- *
HYPERKALEMIA , *ANESTHESIA , *OPERATIVE surgery , *WATER-electrolyte imbalances , *HOMEOSTASIS , *POTASSIUM in the body , *ARRHYTHMIA - Abstract
Acute hyperkalemia is a life-threatening event and often occurs abruptly and without warning in the perioperative field. Risk factors are found on multiple levels as they can derive from a patients pre-existing condition or result from the surgical intervention or management of anesthesia. The therapy of hyperkalemia depends on the dimensions of electrolyte disturbance and a distinction can be made between therapeutic measures with a rapid and those with a long-term effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Störungen des Elektrolytstoffwechsels.
- Author
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Girndt, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
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24. Hyperkaliämie.
- Author
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Reith, S. and Marx, N.
- Abstract
Copyright of Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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25. Notfälle bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz.
- Author
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Stahl, W. and Gauß, A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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26. Entgleisungen des Wasser- und Elektrolythaushaltes auf der Intensivstation.
- Author
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Matthäus, T., Schnitzler, R., Weithofer, P., Weber, M., and Merkel, F.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
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27. Tumor lysis syndrome: risk factors and treatment.
- Author
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Hörl, Walter
- Abstract
Copyright of Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2005
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28. [Hyperkalemia - Pathophysiology, prognostic significance and treatment options]
- Author
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Louisa M S, Gerhardt and Christiane E, Angermann
- Subjects
Heart Failure ,Potassium ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Comorbidity ,Renal Insufficiency - Abstract
Hyperkalemia increases morbidity and mortalilty risk in both in- and outpatients. Common causes are decreased renal excretion, excess intake or potassium shifting from the intra- to the extracellular space in combination with reduced renal excretion or impairment of regulation. Hyperkalemia may alter the cellular transmembrane potential and cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Heart failure patients with comorbid renal insufficiency and/or diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia, which thus constitutes a common reason for insufficient up-titration, down-titration or discontinuation of prognostically relevant heart failure medications predisposing to hyperkalemia (e. g. angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). New oral potassium binders may enhance treatment opportunities in this respect.Hyperkaliämie erhöht bei stationären wie auch ambulanten Patienten das Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko. Verursacht wird diese häufige Elektrolytstörung durch verminderte renale Kaliumelimination, vermehrte Kaliumzufuhr oder Kaliumverschiebung vom Intra- in den Extrazellularraum, wenn Ausscheidungs- oder Regulationsmechanismen zusätzlich beeinträchtigt sind. Hyperkaliämie kann zur Störung des zellulären Membranpotenzials und in der Folge zu lebensbedrohlichen Herzrhythmusstörungen führen. Ein besonders hohes Hyperkaliämie-Risiko haben herzinsuffiziente Patienten, die zudem an Niereninsuffizienz und/oder Diabetes mellitus leiden. Folgen sind oft eine nicht ausreichende Dosierung, Dosisreduktion oder Absetzen prognostisch wichtiger Herzinsuffizienzmedikamente, die eine Hyperkaliämie-Neigung verstärken (z. B. Angiotensin-Konversionsenzym-Hemmer, Angiotensin-Rezeptorblocker und Mineralokortikoidrezeptor-Antagonisten). Neue orale Kaliumbinder könnten die Therapiemöglichkeiten entscheidend erweitern.
- Published
- 2019
29. Präklinische Point-of-Care-Diagnostik bei Reanimation: Wie relevant sind erste Laborwerte für den Notarzt?
- Author
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Grübl, Tobias and Kill, Clemens (Prof. Dr. med.)
- Subjects
Elektrolytentgleisung ,potassium ,Hypokaliämie ,Point-of-care-testing ,Notfallarzt ,hyperkalemia ,acidosis ,Acidose ,hypokalemia ,Notarzt ,Reanimation ,Medizin, Gesundheit ,Notfalllabor ,Point-of-Care-Testing ,Hyperkaliämie ,Wiederbelebung ,resuscitation ,Medical sciences, Medicine ,ddc:610 - Abstract
Background: Metabolic or electrolyte imbalances can lead to or sustain cardiac arrest and destabilize the patient afterwards. Early detection and treatment of these pathologies is urgently demanded by guidelines. Due to technological advances preclinical emergency services are currently able to carry a portable point-of-care-testing device and gather on-site laboratory data. Methods: In this retrospective study - approved by the ethics committee - all cases of resuscitations performed outside of hospital settings by the resident emergency medical service of Marburg-Biedenkopf county (252.000 inhabitants) were analyzed over a period of 15 months (October 2015 to December 2016). The patients were followed up for a short length of time in regard to patient survival. In every case a mobile point-of-care-testing device (Alere epoc) was available. The results and frequencies of pathological deviations of preclinical point-of-care-laboratory data, the resulting therapeutic interventions, the progress and the outcome of treatment were evaluated. Results: 37 % (n=98) of 263 patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest received a point-of-care-laboratory. Of those measurements pronounced metabolic acidosis (pH, Hintergrund: Metabolische oder Elektrolytentgleisungen können zu einem Kreislaufstillstand führen, diesen aufrechterhalten oder den Patienten danach erneut destabilisieren. Die Leitlinien fordern seit jeher eine frühzeitige Detektion und Behandlung solcher Pathologien. Durch den technischen Fortschritt ist diesbezüglich das Mitführen und Anwenden eines mobilen Point-of-Care-Labors im präklinischen Notarztdienst möglich. Material und Methoden: In einer retrospektiven Anwendungsbeobachtung wurden unter Zustimmung der Ethikkommission alle durch den gebietsansässigen Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst im Landkreis Marburg-Biedenkopf (252.000 Einwohner) außerhalb eines Krankenhauses durchgeführten Reanimationen über 15 Monate von Oktober 2015 bis Dezember 2016 untersucht und die Patienten nachverfolgt. Bei allen Einsätzen war ein mobiles Point-of-Care-Testing-Gerät (Alere epoc) verfügbar. Ausgewertet wurden die Ergebnisse sowie Häufigkeiten pathologischer Abweichungen des präklinischen Point-of-Care-Labors, resultierende therapeutische Interventionen sowie der Behandlungsverlauf und -ausgang. Ergebnisse: Von 263 Reanimationen wurde bei 37 % (n=98) ein präklinisches Point-of-Care-Labor erhoben. Bei 63 % dieser Messungen lag eine schwere metabolische Azidose (pH
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
30. [51-year-old male with cardiac arrest : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: Part 23]
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J, Wnent and H, Maurer
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Male ,Electrocardiography ,Peripheral Arterial Disease ,Electric Countershock ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Middle Aged ,Coronary Angiography ,Intraoperative Complications ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Angina Pectoris ,Heart Arrest - Published
- 2019
31. [Hyperkalemia - causes, diagnostic evaluation and treatment]
- Author
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Ralph, Kettritz
- Subjects
Potassium ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia - Abstract
Potassium is pivotal for membrane potentials and controls the functioning of a variety of organs, including nerves and muscles. The vast majority of potassium resides within cells. Disorders that compromise potassium influx into cells and decrease renal elimination cause hyperkalemia. Treatment approaches stabilize membranes, shift potassium into the cells and increase secretion in the collecting duct of the kidneys. Novel enteral potassium exchanger will expand our therapeutic arsenal in the near future.Kalium spielt eine tragende Rolle bei Entstehung von Transmembranpotenzialen. Störungen des Kaliumhaushaltes können zu schweren Krankheitsbildern führen. Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz sind besonders häufig betroffen. Kalium-Verschiebungen zwischen IZR- und EZR sowie eine verminderte renale Kaliumausscheidung aufgrund verminderter glomerulärer Filtrationsrate und/oder reduzierter Kaliumsekretion im distalen Nephron sind häufige Hyperkaliämie-Ursachen.Eine Hyperkaliämie sollte mit einer sofortigen Kontrolle in der BGA-Maschine kontrolliert werden. Man erhält zusätzliche Information über eine begleitende Säure-Basen-Haushalt-Störung.Hämodialyse ist das effektivste Nierenersatzverfahren zur Kaliumsenkung. Die medikamentösen Maßnahmen sollten bis zum Dialysebeginn allerdings nicht vergessen werden. Insulin senkt Kalium zuverlässig. Beta-Agonisten sind effektive Kaliumsenker, aber für Patienten mit hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko nicht immer geeignet. Bikarbonat kann bei ausgeprägten metabolischen Azidosen (HCO
- Published
- 2019
32. Tödliche Vergiftung mit Eibennadeln ( Taxus baccata).
- Author
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Schulte, Th.
- Abstract
Copyright of Archives of Toxicology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. [Disturbances of the Potassium Homeostasis]
- Author
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Michael, Koeppen
- Subjects
Potassium ,Water-Electrolyte Imbalance ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Hypokalemia - Abstract
Potassium is a key cation in the human organism and largely responsible for the resting membrane potential of excitable cells. 98% of the potassium pool resides within the cells and only 2% in the extracellular space. Thus, blood sample measurements of potassium do not necessarily reflect the total potassium state. The extracellular potassium concentration however is tightly regulated, either through potassium elimination via the kidney or shift between the intra- or extracellular compartment. Changes in the blood serum potassium concentration are defined as hypokalemia ( 3,5 mmol/l) or hyperkalemia ( 5,0 mmol/l). Hypokalemia is caused by a low-potassium diet, gastrointestinal losses or polyuric renal failure. Hyperkalemia can follow excessive intake, severe tissue damage or oliguric or anuric renal failure. Acute alteration of the extracellular potassium concentration should spark immediate action by the perioperative physician. In particular, hyperkalemic states require immediate attention and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we give an overview of the pathophysiology of potassium changes and provide a practical approach to their management.Störungen des Kaliumhaushalts sind perioperativ und beim Intensivpatienten häufig anzutreffen – sie können sich schnell zu einer akuten Lebensbedrohung entwickeln. Dieser Beitrag geht auf die physiologischen Grundlagen des Kaliumhaushalts ein und zeigt auf, wie akute Störungen behandelt werden können.
- Published
- 2018
34. Combined use of an ACE-inhibitor and spironolactone in patients with heart insufficiency
- Author
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Jane, Schröder, Lisa, Goltz, and Holger, Knoth
- Subjects
Heart Failure ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Spironolactone ,Diuretics - Abstract
A patient with cardiac insufficiency takes the ACE-Inhibitor Enalapril as well as Spironolactone regularly. In the interaction monographs of the German ABDA-database there is a note that combined use of these substances should be avoided due to an increased risk of hyperkalemia – is there a medication related problem? There is evidence from clinical studies, that combined use of ACE-inhibitors and potassium-sparing agents indeed increases the risk of severe hyperkalemia. The risk seems to be related to the dose of the potassium-sparing agent. However, in patients with cardiac insufficiency NYHA-class II-IV and an ejection fraction of ≤ 35%, the addition of spironolactone to an ACE-inhibitor and betablocking agent reduces mortality and hospitalization for cardiovascular problems. Therefore the combination is indicated in these patients. To minimize the risk for severe adverse events close monitoring of serum potassium and renal function is mandatory. Moreover, additional risk factors for hyperkalemia such as intake of potassium supplements or NSAID should be avoided.
- Published
- 2018
35. Was tun bei anormalen Natrium- bzw. Kaliumspiegeln?
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Satanovskij, Robin M. and Renders, Lutz
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- 2015
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36. [Safe treatment of acute hyperkalemia : The 1:4 and other principles]
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P, Groene and G, Hoffmann
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Electrocardiography ,Glucose ,Acute Disease ,Potassium ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Insulin - Abstract
Acute hyperkalemia is a dangerous electrolyte disorder, which must be treated immediately. It can lead to cardiac arrhythmia and death due to alterations in cell membrane potentials. The resulting alterations in the electrocardiogram (ECG) are multifarious and need to be rapidly recognized. Treatment consists of various stages. In addition to membrane stabilization, which is always necessary, potassium must be displaced into the intracellular space and then eliminated from the body. A commonly applied method for displacement of potassium into the intracellular space involves the administration of insulin-glucose mixtures, which is associated with many complications. In the clinical routine many prescription variations are applied, which do not always appear to be ideal with respect to the individual risk-benefit ratio. A practically useful and easily memorized insulin-glucose mixture has a relationship of 1IU insulin to 4g glucose. The therapeutic elimination from the body is carried out using an enhanced diuresis or the utilization of renal replacement procedures. Special attention must be paid to the continous monitoring of potassium and blood sugar levels. After overcoming the acute situation, attention must be paid to treatment of the underlying disorder and if necessary to readjustment of the long-term medication of the patient.
- Published
- 2017
37. Kennen Sie die sieben Todsünden?: Unverzeihliche Verordnungsfehler bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion
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Kielstein, Jan T.
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- 2014
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38. Spontanheilung einer akuten Appendizitis
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Seidl, Otmar
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- 2015
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39. The silent killer: hyper- and hypokalaemia
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Mark Dominik, Alscher
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Causality ,Survival Rate ,Death, Sudden, Cardiac ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Risk Factors ,Sodium ,Models, Cardiovascular ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Hypokalemia ,Comorbidity - Abstract
The estimation of potassium in the serum is basis for the diagnosis of potassium disturbances. The value is a result of intake, excretion and internal distribution of potassium between intra- and extracellular compartments of the body. Clinically, we often see disturbances of potassium. The causes are explained by an aging population with morbidities that warrant diuretic treatment on the one side, and chronic kidney diseases on the other. In the first cases, we see hypokalaemia, in the latter hyperkalaemia. Both can lead to increased mortalities which are often labelled as "sudden heart death" without finding the underlying mechanism to be potassium driven. This is due to the fact that cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation, heart block) lead to cardiac arrest. The pathophysiological understanding of the principles is the key for the guidance of diagnosis and therapy of the disturbances of potassium metabolism. Only by that, a decrease in mortality can be accomplished.
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- 2016
40. [Chronic heart failure - new insights]
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Sebastian, Ewen, Alexandra, Nikolovska, Ina, Zivanovic, Ingrid, Kindermann, and Michael, Böhm
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Europe ,Heart Failure ,Cardiotonic Agents ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Treatment Outcome ,Chronic Disease ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Anemia - Abstract
Chronic heart failure is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide with increasing prevalence and incidence. Due to high morbidity and mortality a standardized and evidence-based therapy is crucial. This review presents new pharmacological and interventional developments, as well as new insights due to common comorbidities of patients with chronic heart failure like anemia and hyperkalemia.
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- 2016
41. [Paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome]
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Christoph, Henzen
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Acne Vulgaris ,Gynecomastia ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Cushing Syndrome ,Hypoglycemia ,Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes ,Hyponatremia - Published
- 2016
42. Der Dialysepatient auf der Intensivstation
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Kierdorf, H.P.
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- 2013
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43. Nierenerkrankungen: Was muss der Notfallmediziner wissen?
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Reister, B. and Keller, F.
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- 2012
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44. [Electrolyte disorders]
- Author
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Robin M, Satanovskij and Lutz, Renders
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Hypernatremia ,Risk Factors ,Hyperkalemia ,Hypokalemia ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Hyponatremia - Published
- 2015
45. [NaCl 0.9 % for volume substitution : blessing or curse?]
- Author
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P, Kümpers
- Subjects
Saline Solution, Hypertonic ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Treatment Outcome ,Critical Care ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Acidosis ,Risk Assessment - Abstract
The nonphysiological high chloride content of 0.9 % saline causes hyperchloremic acidosis and rapidly reduces renal perfusion in healthy volunteers-negative affects not seen with balanced crystalloids with low chloride content. Evidence from recently published studies strongly suggests that 0.9 % saline negatively effects outcome in surgical and critically ill patients. Major complications are the increased incidence of acute kidney injury and need for renal replacement therapy, as well as higher postoperative in-hospital mortality. Although implemented as the gold standard in many clinical guidelines, there are currently no data supporting the use of 0.9 % saline instead of modern balanced crystalloids. This is also and even particularly true for patients with hypokalemia and acute or chronic kidney injury. In-house training is an effective tool for sustainably raising the awareness of this issue among nursing and medical staff, and identifying alternative strategies to the use of NaCl 0.9 % in clinical practice.
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- 2015
46. [CME EKG 49. Acute decline in the general status of unknown origin. Hyperkalemia]
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Martin, Meyer and Corinna, Brunckhorst
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Diagnosis, Differential ,Male ,Electrocardiography ,Muscle Weakness ,Health Status ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ,Middle Aged ,Neurocirculatory Asthenia - Published
- 2015
47. [Hyperkalemia : what can we expect from new potassium-lowering drugs?]
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R, Schmitt
- Subjects
Evidence-Based Medicine ,Treatment Outcome ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Polymers ,Silicates ,Administration, Oral ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia - Abstract
Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem. While several options are available to treat acute hyperkalemia, there are few options for long-term treatment. The use of oral potassium binders might be such an option. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and patiromer are two new oral potassium binders awaiting approval. The efficacy of these novel potassium-lowering agents were tested in several phase 3 short-term studies published in late 2014.
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- 2015
48. [Hyperkalemia - what the general practitioner must know]
- Author
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Aurelia, Schnyder, Carina, Hüsler, and Isabelle, Binet
- Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential ,Electrocardiography ,General Practice ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,False Positive Reactions ,Medical History Taking - Abstract
Hyperkalemia can be a challenge for the general practitioner as it can prove to be benign as well as life-threatening. From a diagnostic point of view, four possibilities have to be differenciated: a pre-analytical cause, potassium release through cell lysis, a potassium shift, a reduced renal excretion of potassium. The first differential diagnosis can often be carried out by a thorough medical history, in particular the medication intake. Also, the first clinical and laboratory investigations can take place at the general practitioner's clinic. If the hyperkalemia proves to be a true hyperkalemia or cannot be explained by poly-medication and known diseases of the patient, not yet identified renal, endocrine or cardiac diseases should be searched for. If a serious condition is identified as the cause of hyperkalemia the patient should be referred to a specialized clinic.Die Hyperkaliämie kann eine Herausforderung in der Hausarztpraxis darstellen, da sie sowohl benigne wie auch lebensbedrohlich sein kann. Differenzialdiagnostisch sind vier Möglichkeiten zu unterscheiden: die präanalytische Ursache, die Kaliumfreisetzung durch Zelllyse, den Kaliumshift oder die reduzierte renale Kaliumausscheidung. Die erste Differenzialdiagnostik erfolgt in vielen Fällen bereits durch eine genaue Anamnese insbesondere der Medikamenteneinnahme. Auch die ersten klinischen und laborchemischen Abklärungsschritte können in der Hausarztpraxis erfolgen. Wenn die Hyperkaliämie nicht als «Laborente» (Pseudohyperkaliämie) enttarnt werden oder durch Polymedikation und Grunderkrankungen hinreichend erklärt werden kann, muss nach bisher noch nicht bekannten nephrologischen, endokrinologischen und kardialen Erkrankungen gefahndet werden. Sollten sich gravierende Grundkrankheiten als Ursache zeigen, ist die Zuweisung zu den entsprechenden Spezialisten angezeigt.Une hyperkaliémie peut représenter un challenge au cabinet médical car elle peut aussi bien s'avérer bénigne que menaçante pour la vie du patient. Sur le plan diagnostique, quatre possibilités sont à différencier: une cause pré-analytique, la libération de potassium par une lyse cellulaire, un déplacement du potassium, une diminution de l'excrétion rénale du potassium. Le premier diagnostic différentiel s'effectue souvent par une anamnèse précise, en particulier une anamnèse médicamenteuse. De même, les premières investigations cliniques et de laboratoire peuvent être faites au cabinet médical. Si l'hyperkaliémie ne s'avère pas être une pseudohyperkaliémie ou si une polymédication et la maladie de base ne suffisent pas à l'expliquer, une cause rénale, endocrinologique ou cardiaque – jusque-là méconnue – doit être recherchée. Si la cause de l'hyperkaliémie est une affection grave, le patient devrait être adressé à une consultation spécialisée.
- Published
- 2015
49. [Syndrome of inadequate ADH secretion: pitfalls in diagnosis and therapy]
- Author
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Andreas, Schäffler and Uwe, Lindner
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Male ,Saline Solution, Hypertonic ,Water Deprivation ,Sodium ,Benzazepines ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Long-Term Care ,Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ,Tolvaptan ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Female ,Aged ,Hyponatremia - Abstract
Euvolemic hyponatremia is most frequently caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Causes of SIADH-induced hyponatremia are myriad and include tumors, pulmonary diseases or central nervous system disorders. SIADH can also be induced by a broad spectrum of drugs such as antidepressants and antiepileptics. The unfavorable prognostic relevance of hyponatremia is often underestimated. SIADH therapy focuses on the treatment of the underlying disease. Thus, a thorough differential diagnostic assessment of the genesis of SIADH is crucial. Therapy options for euvolemic hyponatremia include fluid restriction, administration of hyperosmolar saline solution in case of severe symptoms, or therapy with tolvaptan. Tolvaptan is a selective, oral vasopressin-V2-receptor-antagonist that inhibits ADH-induced retention of electrolyte-free water in the connecting duct of the kidney. This inhibition results in an increased serum sodium level. Close monitoring of serum sodium levels and volume status is imperative, especially during the initial phase of therapy. Fluid restriction is unnecessary during tolvaptan therapy; a previously prescribed fluid re-striction should be stopped when therapy begins. Treatment with tolvaptan can often result in a rapid and controlled improvement of the symptoms. Different cases presented in this article illustrate the diversity of SIADH in clinical practice relating to its diagnosis and its therapy as well as difficulties in identifying the underlying cause in clinical practice.
- Published
- 2015
50. [One reason - two different clinical kinds of presentation]
- Author
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Thomas, Kuhl, Heinrich G, Klues, and Alexander, Bufe
- Subjects
Diagnosis, Differential ,Male ,Muscle Weakness ,Humans ,Hyperkalemia ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Paralysis ,Female ,Hypokalemia ,Nausea ,Middle Aged ,Meniere Disease ,Aged - Published
- 2015
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