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With his Sententiae, diuisiones, colores rhetorum et oratorum, published around 30 CE, Seneca the Elder, father of the Stoic philosopher Seneca, produced an anthology of excerpts from declamations (forensic or deliberative mock speeches) by 116 different declaimers (teachers, students and non-professional practitioners) who lived during the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. By citing these declaimers, Seneca intended to offer an informed and critical view of their qualities and shortcomings, and to memorialize the emerging literary genre of declamation. But his text also lends itself to a more social reading. By mining the Sententiae, diuisiones, colores for mentions of direct contact between declaimers, and by applying the methodology of network analysis, it becomes possible to read the anthology as a depiction of a structured intellectual milieu. The aim of this article is to identify and reconstruct a set of social relationships within the declamatory world described in the anthology, using mentions of criticism (where one declaimer comments on the performance of another) as markers of relationships. After explaining the goals and biases of Seneca and their impact on his depiction of the declamatory milieu, this article expounds a method for: 1) identifying concrete links between declaimers with a reasonable degree of certainty; 2) building a set of usable data based on these findings; and 3) assessing the significance of the expected results given the incompleteness of the anthology. It then reconstructs and plots this particular declamatory network, identifying its central figures and mapping its main relational structures.

Fin 2019, la décision est prise, en concertation avec l’ASN, de réparer les 8 soudures de traversées VVP (circuit de vapeur principal) de l'EPR FLA3. Le scénario retenu conduit à réaliser les nouvelles soudures par l'intérieur des tuyauteries, modifiant significativement leur design (chanfrein inversé notamment). Les exigences fonctionnelles de l'exploitant évoluant également, un nouveau procédé pour le contrôle en exploitation doit être qualifié conformément à l'article 8 de l'Arrêté relatif à la "surveillance de l’exploitation du circuit primaire principal et des circuits secondaires principaux des réacteurs nucléaires à eau pressurisée" du 10 novembre 1999. La Direction Industrielle s'engage alors dans le développement d'un nouveau procédé UT multiéléments automatisé et saisit l'opportunité d'adopter une démarche de qualification (de type conventionnel) différente de celle utilisée généralement pour les procédés UT. Plutôt que, pour chaque grandeur donnée, sommer les contributions élémentaires des paramètres influents étudiés de manière indépendante, la démarche adoptée ici vise à établir les performances par une campagne d’essais, dont le plan d'expérience intègre directement l’influence de ces paramètres. La démarche s'articule en trois phases. D'abord, l'analyse des paramètres influents conduit à définir la (ou les) configurations la (ou les) plus pénalisante(s) du composant vis-à-vis de la technique adoptée. Cette analyse permet de concevoir la maquette de qualification, représentative des conditions les plus pénalisantes du contrôle. Dans un second temps, la campagne d’essais de répétabilité et de reproductibilité aboutit à l’obtention d’une "banque de données" de signaux sur les entailles de la maquette. Enfin, l’analyse statistique de ces nombreux signaux (de l’ordre de 1800 dans le cas présent) aboutit aux justifications techniques du dossier de qualification. Les performances en sensibilité, couverture de zone, localisation et dimensionnement sont établies par un traitement statistique des résultats de ces essais. Cet article présente la démarche, les performances obtenues du procédé qualifié début 2023, et les voies d'optimisation envisagées pour de futurs développement adoptant cette démarche.

In Maputo, the politic and economic capital of Mozambique, a small number of foreigners have been settling since the 2000s. Although they are not numerous, they are very visible in the urban space because of their main activity in retail shops, selling food or other goods. These shops are in the formal sector and the main pattern is a container converted in a local grocer’s shop which can be observed in every area of the city. They are run by African shop-owners coming either from the Great Lakes area, mainly as refugees, or from Western Africa. The paper focuses on their origins, their motivations for choosing Maputo, their life projects, and the reciprocal representations between city dwellers of Maputo and African shop-owners. The key question is how to deal with the dimension of rights to the city, in the extent that locals give right to recognition to foreigners as full inhabitants. The methodology is based on an ethnographic approach focused on everyday life of the African shop-owners and on the cross relations between them and the city dwellers.

Thinking about what Europe is, about its location or its limits often consists in trying to identify something such as a European identity, a common project or adherence to a lifestyle. In this perspective, the feeling of belonging to a place implies various dimensions, including subjective perceptions. To explore this, the research project EuroBroadMap and the survey “Visions of Europe”, conducted on a sample of 10,000 students living in eighteen different countries around the world, allows us to enrich our comprehension of these perceptions of Europe. From a set of words spontaneously related to Europe by the students surveyed, the methods of textual statistics enabled us to measure the variety of the vocabulary associated to this place. Several factors may explain the diversity of the words obtained: the students’ academic fields and countries of residence strongly condition the way they perceive Europe. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that belonging to the European Union or to its margins influences the individual perceptions.

A deep and profound lifelessness depicts the Malagasy capital city at night. How can we explain this “sleep” of the sole economic, political and cultural center of the island? There is a real paradox that we need to analyze before anything else. Nevertheless, this quietness should not hide the presence of families and children who live in the streets night and day. Therefore, to take a look at the night life of Antananarivo brings a question about urban identities and temporalities. On the one hand, there are those that claim the legitimacy of their city-dwelling status – the inhabitants, on the other hand, those who are excluded from it.

Purpose: The main goal of this article is to define and justify group problem solving as an approach to citizenship education. It is demonstrated that the choice of theoretical framework of democracy has consequences for the chosen learning goals, educational approach and learning activities. The framework used here is an epistemic theory of deliberative democracy. It is argued that such an approach enhances teachers’ and pupils’ autonomy. Design/methodology/approach: First, it was discussed what kind of theory of democracy lies behind the mainstream approach to citizenship education. Then, it was demonstrated how a chosen theory of democracy and citizenship leads to a specific translation into educational principles. In order to define and translate the chosen framework into educational principles and learning activities, different disciplines were drawn upon: political philosophy, cognitive and educational psychology. Findings: Group problem solving was defined as an alternative participatory educational approach to citizenship education and four educational principles were defined: argumentation, connected learning, decision making and thinking together. Practical implications: Educationalists, policy makers and researchers working on citizenship education should discuss their ideals of democracy and citizenship in order for these to become an object of scrutiny in the curriculum.

Abstract Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterised by skin blistering and fragility. In humans, one of the most severe forms of EB known as Herlitz-junctional EB (H-JEB), is caused by mutations in the laminin 5 genes. EB has been described in several species, like cattle, sheep, dogs, cats and horses where the mutation, a cytosine insertion in exon 10 of the LAMC2 gene, was very recently identified in Belgian horses as the mutation responsible for JEB. In this study, the same mutation was found to be totally associated with the JEB phenotype in two French draft horse breeds, Trait Breton and Trait Comtois. This result provides breeders a molecular test to better manage their breeding strategies by genetic counselling.

Abstract In horses, basic colours such as bay or chestnut may be partially diluted to buckskin and palomino, or extremely diluted to cream, a nearly white colour with pink skin and blue eyes. This dilution is expected to be controlled by one gene and we used both candidate gene and positional cloning strategies to identify the "cream mutation". A horse panel including reference colours was established and typed for different markers within or in the neighbourhood of two candidate genes. Our data suggest that the causal mutation, a G to A transition, is localised in exon 2 of the MATP gene leading to an aspartic acid to asparagine substitution in the encoded protein. This conserved mutation was also described in mice and humans, but not in medaka.

Abstract Mares' milk has a composition very different from that of cows' milk. It is much more similar to human milk, in particular in its casein fraction. This study reports on the sequence of a 994 bp amplified fragment corresponding to a horse αS1-Casein (αS1-Cn) cDNA and its comparison with its caprine, pig, rabbit and human counterparts. The alignment of these sequences revealed a specific pattern of splicing for this horse primary transcript. As in humans, exons 3', 6' and 13' are present whereas exons 5, 13 and 14 are absent in this equine mRNA sequence. BAC clones, screened from a horse BAC library, containing the αS1-Cn gene allowed the mapping of its locus by FISH on equine chromosome 3q22.2-q22.3 which is in agreement with the Zoo-FISH results. Genomic analysis of the αS1-Cn gene showed that the region from the second exon to the last exon is scattered within a nucleotide stretch nearly 15-kb in length which is quite similar in size to its ruminant and rabbit counterparts. The region between αS1- and β-Cn genes, suspected to contain cis-acting elements involved in the expression of all clustered casein genes, is similar in size (ca. 15-kb) to the caprine and mouse intergenic region.

Abstract X and Y specific probes were identified in order to apply the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to bovine spermatozoa. For Y chromosome detection, the BRY4a repetitive probe, covering three quarters of the chromosome, was used. For X chromosome detection, a goat Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) specific to the X chromosome of bovine and goats and giving a strong FISH signal was used. Each probe labeled roughly 45% of sperm cells. The hybridization method will be useful for evaluating the ratio of X- and Y- bearing spermatozoa in a sperm sample and consequently can be used to evaluate the efficiency of sperm sorting by different techniques such as flow cytometry.