Search

The Article is working on developmental psychopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral problems in infants and toddlers age 0 to 5. An overview of the literature about the international discussion is given. In particular diagnostic classification is elaborated by mentioning the revision of "Diagnostic Classification 0-3 (DC: 0-3R)" and "Research Diagnostic Criteria-Preschool Age (RDC-PA)". State of the art and clinical implication is reported on the basis of principal considerations on infant psychiatry. The american practice parameters become adapted and a working title for diagnostic formulation is given. More research should be done against the background of the introduced standards.

The present review discusses in detail the most important problems of autoimmune thyroid disease in children and adolescents. There is a low incidence of autoimmune thyroid disorders in children and adolescents, the most important being Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Painless thyroid enlargement and delayed development are essential symptoms. Patients suffering from hypothyroidism or goitre should be treated with 1-thyroxin. The aim of treatment is to normalise metabolism and TSH levels. Graves' disease in children and adolescents is uncommon, and clinical features may be subtle. Typical eye symptoms are very often not present. Compared to older patients, the duration of symptoms is usually longer and the degree of hyperthyroidism more pronounced. This is why children require more time to achieve remission after anti-thyroid drug treatment. As already indicated, surgery is usually preferred to radioiodine.