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Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Upper airway discomfort and side effects like nasal congestion, dry nose or throat are among the most common adverse effects of nCPAP therapy. Various types of humidifiers have been used to ameliorate these adverse effects. The aim of this article is to review the available evidence on beneficial effects of humidifiers on therapeutic effectivity of CPAP therapy, comfort and compliance in patients on nCPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The available data provide solid evidence for beneficial effects of heated humidifiers in symptomatic patients with upper airway dryness during nasal CPAP therapy for OSA. The clinical benefit from cold passover humidifiers is significantly lower and their effect is clinically often insufficient. The clinical benefits of heated humidifiers in symptomatic patients are superior to the effects of humidifiers used "prophylactical" in patients who had not been symptomatic before. With the use of heated humidifiers, CPAP compliance can be significantly improved and the number of CPAP patients discontinuing their therapy can be significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Somnologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lung cancer can be described by histological subtype, of which small cell, squamous cell and adenocarcinoma are the most common. International data show that adenocarcinoma is becoming the dominant histological subtype of lung cancer although the relative risk due to smoking has been found to be smaller than that for other histological subtypes., Objective: The aim of the analysis was to describe the time trends in incidence of lung cancer among women and men in Germany according to histological subtype., Materials and Methods: All lung cancer cases (ICD-10 C33-C34) newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2012 and collected by the epidemiologic cancer registries of the German federal states with average completeness of registration of at least 90% were considered and grouped into histologic subtypes. If data on tumor histology were not microscopically verified or unspecific, multiple imputation techniques were applied to estimate the histologic subtype., Results: Among women age-standardized lung cancer rates increased considerably between 2003 and 2012 (annual percent change APC = 2.7%), mostly driven by a rising adenocarcinoma incidence (APC = 4.7%). Among men overall lung cancer rates decreased during the same time (APC = -1.7%). Still, a slight increase in adenocarcinoma incidence was also observed in men (APC = 1.0%)., Conclusion: The rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung is alarming. The cancer registry data do not allow risk factor analysis. In the international discussion, the introduction of filter cigarettes as well as the changing composition of cigarettes has been hypothesized as being responsible. Further epidemiologic studies are strongly needed.