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Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article introduces the results of Vilnius’s linguistic landscape research. The analysis focuses on which signs make up the linguistic landscape of Vilnius and which languages are used on the signage. The study material consists of 2,442 public and private signs collected from various neighborhoods in Vilnius in 2020, March-October. The research employs quantitative statistical descriptive analysis and qualitative content analysis. The data shows that 76% of all signs include Lithuanian: 49% are monolingual Lithuanian, and 27% are multilingual with Lithuanian. The remaining 24% of signs use other foreign languages. Lithuanian is used in all types of signs, and the only monolingual Lithuanian signs are road signs and street names, apart from decorative plaques with foreign languages on them. Lithuanian is the first language in most multilingual signs, followed by other foreign languages. This language pattern is usually seen on commercial establishments or public institution signage, such as opening hours or services provided. Multilingual signs where Lithuanian is not the first language account for 8.3% of all Vilnius signs analyzed in this study. English-Lithuanian is the most frequent language pattern in these signs. If Lithuanian is not the first language used on a sign, the most common language model is English-Lithuanian, and mostly bilingual English-Lithuanian signs are names of establishments. Research shows that the first foreign language used in a sign does not always play a stronger communicative function, as it may be used because of its symbolic power. The analysis of monolingual signs in foreign languages shows that the most significant proportion of such signs are stickers, shop signs, and graffiti, and the most common languages are English, Russian, Italian, German, French, Latin, and Latin.

Copyright of Glottodidactica is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sprachreport is the property of Institut fuer Deutsche Sprache and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistische Berichte is the property of Helmut Buske Verlag Hamburg and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article provides a detailed overview of the lexicographical process adopted for the construction of a multilingual corpus-driven online specialised dictionary about COVID-19, which was built within the 4EU+ project Knowledge through Terminology - From Multilingual Data to Domain-specific Knowledge via Terminological Resources (TermiKnowledge). The dictionary is based on four specialised comparable corpora in five languages (Czech, English, German, Italian, Polish), that were compiled and analysed by the students, who also carried out the lexicographical work itself. The contribution thus highlights that the lexicographical process represents a valuable resource for German as a Foreign Language (GFL) teaching, since it fosters the acquisition of specific terminology as well as the reflection on differences and similarities between different text types and languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to identify the linguistic, philosophical and historical anchoring of the aesthetics of atmospheres or moods in the Arabic tradition and to make its reception fruitful for the present. In fact, the evolution of the concept »atmosphere« - in its relation to aesthetics - was not the same in the Western and Arab contexts. Several contemporary Arab studies (especially in French and English) show a partial use of the concept, especially in design and architecture studies. However, as these studies are mostly written in French and English, the concept of atmosphere remains without philosophical relevance for Arabic terminology; thus, the words for »atmosphere« ǧaww جوّّ (in the singular) and aǧwāʾ أجواء (plural) remain limited daily use without being utilised as a philosophical paradigm in contemporary Arabic philosophy. Currently these terms are often used in everyday life for the political, artistic, poetic or spiritual atmosphere. The main question is therefore: Why does the reception of this paradigm suffer from incredible slowness. What is the difference between this Arab tradition and the Occidental tradition? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes 180 modern English neologisms with a professional component. Their structural and semantic features reveal how native speakers perceive and conceptualize new words through spiritual and practical activities, thus adjusting their worldview to the changing reality. The research involved the methods of definitional analysis, word formation, semantic assay, and cognitive-discursive interpretation, as well as various standard linguistic and statistical methods. The material was classified according to the type of professional activity. These lexical and semantic groups were united by intralinguistic links based on interrelated and interdependent connotative shades of meaning. Many neologisms demonstrated a metaphorical basis, which served as a tool for creating expressive images. All the neological units were emotive and evaluative. The emotive content conveyed the thoughts and feelings of the speaker, while the evaluative content was associated with the pragmatic function and contained information about the speaker’s attitude to the denotation. Most professional neologisms were gender-neutral. The universal nature of the images behind the neologisms probably testifies to the current mental changes in a society that values gender equality. Interdiscursivity appeared to permeate all lexical and semantic fields of the English neological space. The heterogeneity reflected the complex activity the speaker performs in an attempt to comprehend a complex and multifaceted environment, which, in turn, gives the neological units an anthropocentric character. The relevance of the research is determined by the rapid development of various social spheres, which inevitably affects the modern communication and the linguistic worldview in general.

The speech-behavioral strategy of discrediting is a manipulative form of information aggression exerted on the consciousness of the mass audience. Since it is inherent in modern media, it affects politics and society and thus needs to be resisted. The article introduces an analysis of combined discrediting tactics that implement the communication strategy of discrediting against the President Biden’s administration. The corpus came from the Tucker Carlson Tonight show and included 563 contexts of combined discrediting tactics. Standard, statistical, and linguistic methods made it possible to classify the discrediting tactics into accusations, insults, negative predictions, deceived expectations, irony, polarization, and comparison. The resulting classification of combined tactics of discrediting included five quantitative groups and 51 content subgroups. The accusation tactics proved to be the most popular combined tactic (260 cases; 60 % of the corpus). Two-component tactics were the most representative (337; 60 %) whereas the subgroup of irony + insult was the most frequent in other subgroups (45; 8 %). Combined tactics had a more significant discrediting effect and a more intensive impact on the target audience.

This study investigates the use of English as a non-native language in communication and media consumption on social networks. It further examines the interaction between native and foreign languages within the linguistic environment of a Ukrainian academic institution. Additionally, it explores perceptions of English in media content creation and its role in modern marketing and public relations strategies employed by the institution through social networks. Based on descriptive analysis, using Google Analytics tools, of a survey of 385 Ukrainian university matriculated and prospective students, the study reveals a high diffusion rate of English as a foreign language and a relatively high level of proficiency, averaging between B1 and B2 (on the CEFR Global Scale) among 75% of the target audiences, which creates favourable conditions for English use in the processes of communication and creation of media content for the Ukrainian higher education institution. These results reveal the effectiveness of integrating the study of English as a non-native language into personal communications, media content creation, and communications of higher education institutions with students and applicants via social networks. The study suggests that higher education institutions should leverage the high level of English proficiency among students to enhance academic and media communication strategies. Furthermore, aligning institutional content with students' linguistic practices can strengthen engagement and improve overall communication effectiveness.

This article investigates turn-taking as a feature of Second Language Interactional Competence (L2 IC) within a Virtual Exchange (VE) project involving undergraduate English Foreign Language (EFL) students. Through Conversation Analysis (CA), a German-Israeli focus group (n = 4) is monitored over seven online meetings. VE, or Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), is a telecollaboration method involving participants from different cultures or geographical regions. The study refers to the Extended Telecollaboration Practice Project, with English as the target language serving as a Lingua Franca. Turn-taking processes within the focus group are considered and discussed, utilizing GAT2 transcription excerpts. Since the data pertains to a group of participants over the course of a semester, aspects of longitudinal conversation analysis are also incorporated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Exchange (VE) initiatives in higher education have seen an extraordinary increase in recent years. While the language of communication in VE in the great majority of cases is English, there is a considerable lack of studies on how VEs are conducted in other languages. In this paper, we report on some preliminary results of a VE project with Spanish as the lingua franca that took place in 2021 between members of the ENLIGHT Network as an extra-curricular activity. During the project various students of Spanish from different study backgrounds met in small groups via Zoom. The interactions, therefore, had the character of conversations-for-learning (Kasper/Kim 2015). None of the participants had the official role of a teacher or leader. The focus of this paper is on the question of the interactional self-management which means that we are looking at how the leading roles are managed. Specifically, we will analyze the common strategy of sharing the screen on Zoom. By comparing groups, we also provide insights into the effects of this particular practice on the interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Leichte Sprache’ is a variety of German that is linguistically and structurally reduced in its complexity. It intends to facilitate reading and thus to make it easier for people with poor reading skills to participate in society. The target groups of Leichte Sprache are very heterogeneous, therefore, it is an open question which target groups benefit from which rules of Leichte Sprache. Concerning the target group of people with German as a foreign language, there are no empirical studies that address this question. In a questionnaire study we investigated whether German learners from an English secondary school benefit from compound separation and the avoidance of personal pronouns. The data show that the learners consider compound separation as helpful. The avoidance of personal pronouns, however, is perceived to negatively impact reading. These results support the assumption that not all rules of Leichte Sprache are helpful for people with German as a foreign language, but that others can facilitate reading. Empirical studies of this kind can help to make it easier for people with German as a foreign language to learn German. Regarding other target groups we propose to empirically investigate their reading-related needs to make reading and thus participation in society easier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur Germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study deals with the issue of translation in the field of medicine. The first part contains a brief theoretical introduction into medical translation in general. It is followed by a practical analysis of problems in the translation from the source to the target language with a focus on abbreviations and defects in source texts. It describes specific problem areas and examples which occur very often in medical texts and can lead to errors in target texts. Decoding medical abbreviations and defects in source texts in the German – Slovak language pair is a very demanding job, because the use of Latin, Greek or English words and their abbreviations in medical texts is a common occurrence for doctors, but can be a source of problems and confusion for translators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growth of a new wealthy middle-class in Tudor England brought about a great social confusion, which became evident through the inappropriate use of clothing and a particular interest in fashions from abroad. The confusion provoked by the excess of apparel turned to be a good topic for English priests who used it in their sermons to teach sobriety and modesty as the right measure of earthly life. The sin of extravagance in apparel became a favourite theme in Stubbes’s Anatomie of Abuses and in many homilies and sermons throughout the 16th century. If preachers saw pride as the vice to be defeated, prose writers like Robert Greene used it as a good ironic weapon to describe Tudor society’s covetousness and moral decline. In his Quip for an Upstart Courtier (1592), Greene deals with the “abuses that pride had bred in England” and denounces the lack of moral values in young men who had become of rank.

This essay explores the Elizabethan underworld as described by Shakespeare’s contemporaries. In the backdrop of the laws introduced by Elizabeth I, this essay introduces the main criminal categories and characters living in late 16th-century London. These mysterious and sometimes charming characters are depicted in a substantial number of prose texts whose aim was to inform and instruct ordinary readers, and above all magistrates, on the organization of the underworld so that criminals could be unmasked and their tricks brought to light. Dekker’s works, as much as Harman’s Caveat, Awdeley’s Vagabonds and Greene’s text on cozenage describe this milieu as a very well-structured social system, based on a strict hierarchy and on a complex linguistic code, Canting, which was meant to preserve the milieu from the outer world. Canting was made up of elements from different areas of the country, mingled in the biggest town of the kingdom, London, to which all vagabonds flocked.

This paper contains an analysis of the selected scenes from the play Krokodil Lacoste / Silvertown by Zlatko Topčić. The play won the “Alija Isaković” award in 2010, while the Cultural Association of Bosniaks Preporod published its dual Bosnian and English edition in 2016. The segments are analyzed parallelly in Bosnian and English for the purpose of observing the level of functional equivalence in the target text. The analysis entails extralinguistic and linguistic categories in accordance with the model developed by Hatim and Mason (1990) and later expanded by Zhang et al. (2015). The extralinguistic category includes, among others, the culture-translation relationship, and the linguistic category entails three dimensions: communicative, pragmatic, and semiotic. The analysis in this case includes the communicative and semiotic components.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Middle English gēten „to watch over, protect‟ is usually considered to be a Norse loanword, just as the North Frisian cognates giitje, juate etc. „to tend cattle‟ from Old Norse gæta. An Old Frisian gēta is mentioned in earlier etymological discussions but does no longer appear in the Old Frisian dictionary (Hofmann/Popkema 2008), which mentions two homonyms gēda, both unrelated to ME gēten. An evaluation of the Old Frisian attestations and the North Frisian material reconfirms the existence of an Old Frisian gēta „to watch over‟. Attested in Old West Frisian and North Frisian, it can be interpreted as an inherited West Germanic word. Alongside it, there was an OFri. gēda „to improve; to use‟ that was unrelated to the former, with cognates attested in both Old West Frisian and North Frisian. ME gēten was therefore probably of West Germanic origin as well, possibly preserved through „lexical support‟ from Norse, a scenario that can also apply to the modern North Frisian attestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At what grade level should the teaching of English (as a first foreign language) begin? To what extent is an early start at school more conducive to learning success than a later one? These two questions are the point of departure of numerous national and international studies. Although parents, along with teachers, are responsible for their children's education, there is comparably little work that captures their perspective. The article presents results from the project "Parental perspectives on the onset of English Language Education/Englischunterrichtsbeginn aus Elternsicht" (EUBE), in which 2645 parents with children at primary school were surveyed in 2022. The analyses show that parents prefer an early start of English language education in primary school. The justifications for an early or late starting point show a differentiated view of the topic. In addition, the open answers indicate that parents have distinct ideas about the quality of instruction and teaching methods for English in primary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of everyday scientific language is gaining in importance both in today's linguistic and language didactic research. It will also be central to today's science conception. From the perspective of the current Anglophone scientific community, the article discusses the effects of some standards in scientific practice - including the quantification culture - on publication practices and the associated displacement of the traditionally multilingual European scientific culture. In this context, some measures are discussed that can reduce the influence of English, e.g. in the humanities. In general, this also touches on the question of what effects the language changeover in science will have on smaller research communities and languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sprachreport is the property of Institut fuer Deutsche Sprache and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of German Journal of Forced Migration & Refugee Studies / Zeitschrift für Flüchtlingsforschung (Z'Flucht) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to analyse a contrastive relation between the English indefinite pronoun any and its Serbian equivalents. Beside the simple pronoun any, the study also focuses on how its compounds with other words – nouns (-body, -thing), numerals (-one) and interrogatives (-where) are performed and translated into Serbian. In this sense, the study is result-oriented. In order to reveal the equivalence relevance and equivalence distribution in practice, the analysis was based on a parallel corpus. The source text ʻThe Sense of an Endingʼ by J. Barnes was confronted with the corresponding target text in Serbian ʻOvo liči na krajʼ, to investigate the appropriate forms. Although belonging to different language families, English and Serbian have shown a significant degree of similarities and differences among the elements in scope. Indefinite pronouns are a linguistic universal. Thus they occur systematically in both English and Serbian. Nevertheless, the Serbian pronominal equivalents are not categorised only as indefinites, but they also have a negative (niko, ništa, nikakav), free-choice (neko, nešto, neki) and universal functions26 (svako, bilo koji, bilo kakav). There is rarely any reciprocity in a direct Serbian implication for each English pronoun – an English indefinite pronoun usually has numerous Serbian equivalents. The proportion of the pronominal and non-pronominal (adverbs, particles, prepositional phrases, etc) Serbian equivalents is 2:1. Zero equivalence has appeared to be unexpectedly frequent – predominantly in negative and interrogative contexts. But even when the indefinites are not explicitly translated, due to stylistic and pragmatic differences between the two languages, there is equivalence at a syntactic level. The analysis revealed various equivalents, but they can be roughly brought down to the following: any is mostly omitted in Serbian negatives, and interrogatives, and translated as svaki in affirmatives; anything is translated as ništa in negatives, išta in interroatives and nešto in affirmatives; anyone is translated as niko in negatives, and iko in affirmatives; anybody is translated as bilo ko in affirmatives; anyway is translated as bilo kako bilo in affirmatives; anywhere is translated as ikud in negatives. Such an asymmetry of equivalence shows that there is not obvious and apparent compatibility between English and Serbian indefinite pronouns. The aim of this paper has therefore been to offer a better understanding of the various forms among the corresponding English and Serbian indefinite pronominals, in terms of their practical relevance.

The paper deals with the role of context and its features in the interpretation of ironically used metalinguistic (reflexive) expressions in the Russian, Polish, and English languages. Although contextual cues have always been a major topic of interest to irony scholars, more research seems to be needed on how context interacts with a metalinguistic expression and how it indicates that such an expression is to be interpreted ironically. It is clear that the most natural context in the situation in question is speech (in a broad sense) that is referred to in particular metalinguistic expressions. Therefore, the main goal of the paper is to establish the crucial features of linguistic units that could be named and described by metalinguistic expressions and to specify relations between the former and the latter. The main criteria used to classify the examples that are analyzed in the paper are 1) the type of the linguistic unit in the context, 2) the type of contradiction between the metalinguistic expression and the context, and 3) the limits of the context that is required for ironical interpretation of the metalinguistic expression.

The book "German as a European Language" by Gisela Zifonun promises to introduce characteristic features of the German language. It consists of eight chapters that address various aspects of German and compare them to other languages such as English, French, Polish, and Hungarian. The book attempts to convey grammar in an illustrative and concrete manner, but often lacks explanations and backgrounds for the comparisons. It is aimed at language enthusiasts, but requires linguistic expertise and does not have a clear target audience. The book concludes by stating that German fulfills nine characteristic features of the Standard Average European and therefore belongs to the European language family. However, overall, the book does not fulfill the purpose of learning something new or refreshing existing knowledge. [Extracted from the article]

This collective review presents four monographs that describe the use of corpus linguistics for teaching English. The monographs provide theoretical foundations, tools, and teaching suggestions for the use of corpus linguistics. They are helpful for students and teachers who are interested in incorporating corpus linguistics into their teaching. The presented monographs deal with corpus linguistic language analysis and provide practical instructions. It is recommended to check the relevance of the practical examples and to use fewer quotations in the texts. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Didactic Perspectives of Phraseology in the Present. Approaches and Contributions to German Phraseodidactics in Europe" is a review of an anthology that deals with phraseodidactics. The anthology contains contributions from renowned phraseodidactics experts and addresses various aspects of phraseology in German language teaching. It discusses fundamental questions, the phraseological development of students, as well as aspects of foreign language teaching. The focus is on German, but other languages such as Danish, French, Greek, Czech, and English are also included. The reviewer emphasizes the significance of the anthology for positioning phraseodidactics as an independent sub-discipline. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Memories of Fanita English" describes various personal encounters with the well-known transactional analyst Fanita English. The author tells of a workshop that Fanita conducted at a congress in Stuttgart and how she appeared confident and autonomous there. Another author reports on a workshop in the 1980s where Fanita English dropped charts and the participants spontaneously helped her. Another author tells of a meeting with Fanita, where she politely suggested continuing the conversation in German, as her German was more precise than his English. The article also mentions Fanita's energy and precision in her work, as well as her athletic activities. Finally, personal encounters with Fanita at various congresses are described, where she was mentally present and clear. The article ends with the mention of Fanita's death in January 2022 at the age of over 105 years. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Sprachreport is the property of Institut fuer Deutsche Sprache and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of German as a Foreign Language is the property of German as a Foreign Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Germanoslavica - Zeitschrift für Germanoslawische Studien is the property of Slovansky ustav AV CR, v.v.i. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the entry into force of Regulation (EU) 536/2014 on clinical trials with medicinal products for human use on February 1, 2022, a comprehensive reorganization of clinical drug trials within the European Union was initiated. This article provides an overview of relevant key points of the EU regulation as well as the specific adjustments of Austrian pharmaceutical law through the AMG amendment BGBl I 2022/8. The approval process for clinical trials is initiated by the submission of the application dossier by the sponsor via the EU portal. There are three options for validation, depending on whether the clinical trial falls under the regulation and the application is complete or not. The responsibilities regarding Part I of the evaluation process are divided between BASG and the reviewing ethics committee. Austrian legislation has made changes related to clinical drug trials, including the use of the English language for multinational clinical trials and new provisions for sponsors. There are also new regulations for the protection of vulnerable groups in clinical trials. Regulation (EU) 536/2014 and the AMG (Medicinal Products Act) BGBl I 2022/8 bring comprehensive changes to clinical drug trials in order to make EU member states more attractive as research and development locations and to strengthen the role of the EU in the pharmaceutical industry. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this paper is to analyse verbs of drinking in English and in Serbian that are used to express various drinking processes, but that can also be used to express various other processes not related to drinking. In other words, the paper analyses the transferred meaning(s) that the analysed verbs express in both languages in order to identify the other processes expressed by the verbs of drinking. The corpus for the analysis was excerpted from the relevant monolingual dictionaries of English and Serbian and consists of ten verbs of drinking: five English verbs, to drink, to guzzle, to imbibe, to quench, to suck and five Serbian verbs, piti, ispiti, lokati, napiti se, opiti se. The dictionary definitions of the ten verbs were analysed in order to identify the transferred meanings of the verbs. The definitions were then subjected to conceptual analysis with the goal of identifying the conceptual mechanisms (conceptual metaphor or conceptual metonymy) that underly the transferred meanings. The identified meanings were also subjected to contrastive analysis that aimed at identifying the similarities and differences in transferred meanings among the analysed verbs and at identifying their formal correspondents or translation equivalents. The analysis shows that in both languages drinking verbs develop their transferred meanings primarily regarding the concepts of accepting or absorbing an entity and that in most cases such meanings and conceptual mechanisms underlying them show a high degree of equivalence, as the most frequent conceptual mechanism in both languages is conceptual metaphor. However, the differences are mostly observed at the semantic level.

The book "Figurative Language. Cross-cultural and cross-linguistic perspectives" by Dobrovol'skij and Piirainen examines figurative language and phraseology with a focus on cultural and linguistic differences. The "Word Atlas of Arabic Dialects" by Behnstedt and Woidich discusses the various dialects of the Arabic language. The anthology "Language Variation" contains thirteen contributions on different European language areas. The book by Mailhammer examines English variation on Croker Island, Australia, which has emerged through long-term contact with local Aboriginal languages. The EDD Online 3.0 is a comprehensive and innovative reference work for English dialectology and historical linguistics, based on Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary (EDD). [Extracted from the article]

The article "A2 is Sufficient in the Kitchen" deals with the topic of multilingualism in the workplace, particularly in the hotel industry. Hotels are characterized by their international and intercultural nature, with guests and employees from different countries. The DEHOGA Federal Association argues that the required language levels B1 and B2 are too restrictive and that English is sufficient as a lingua franca in many international hotels and restaurants. The article also emphasizes the importance of language proficiency as part of professional competence in the hotel industry. It is pointed out that multilingualism in the workplace contributes to appreciation and can improve the working atmosphere. [Extracted from the article]

In this article, I discuss the evolution of the Old English verbs bēon 'be', būan, būgian, bōgian, and bȳa 'dwell', proposing that all of these verbs have developed via a series of paradigmatic splits which occurred at different periods of time. It is also suggested in this article that the Proto-Germanic verb generally reconstructed as *ƀūja- 'dwell' instead may have had the shape *ƀuwa-, reflecting not the Proto-Indo-European j-present *bhuH-e-, but the j-less aorist subjunctive *bhuH-e-. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]