1. MTORC2 and AMPK differentially regulate muscle triglyceride content via perilipin 3
- Author
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James R. Krycer, Lykke Sylow, Benjamin L. Parker, Rima Chaudhuri, Jacob Jeppesen, Daniel J. Fazakerley, Erik A. Richter, Bente Kiens, Nolan J. Hoffman, Peter Schjerling, Annette K. Serup, Andreas M. Fritzen, David E. James, Kristen C. Thomas, Markus A. Rüegg, and Maximilian Kleinert
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,mTORC1 ,mTORC2 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Molecular Biology ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Chemistry ,Akt ,RPTOR ,AMPK ,Skeletal muscle ,Lipid metabolism ,Cell Biology ,PLIN3 ,RICTOR ,mTOR ,Metabolism ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,Perilipin ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Original Article ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,metabolism - Abstract
Objective We have recently shown that acute inhibition of both mTOR complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) increases whole-body lipid utilization, while mTORC1 inhibition had no effect. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mTORC2 regulates lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Methods Body composition, substrate utilization and muscle lipid storage were measured in mice lacking mTORC2 activity in skeletal muscle (specific knockout of RICTOR (Ric mKO)). We further examined the RICTOR/mTORC2-controlled muscle metabolome and proteome; and performed follow-up studies in other genetic mouse models and in cell culture. Results Ric mKO mice exhibited a greater reliance on fat as an energy substrate, a re-partitioning of lean to fat mass and an increase in intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) content, along with increases in several lipid metabolites in muscle. Unbiased proteomics revealed an increase in the expression of the lipid droplet binding protein Perilipin 3 (PLIN3) in muscle from Ric mKO mice. This was associated with increased AMPK activity in Ric mKO muscle. Reducing AMPK kinase activity decreased muscle PLIN3 expression and IMTG content. AMPK agonism, in turn, increased PLIN3 expression in a FoxO1 dependent manner. PLIN3 overexpression was sufficient to increase triglyceride content in muscle cells. Conclusions We identified a novel link between mTORC2 and PLIN3, which regulates lipid storage in muscle. While mTORC2 is a negative regulator, we further identified AMPK as a positive regulator of PLIN3, which impacts whole-body substrate utilization and nutrient partitioning., Graphical abstract, Highlights • Lack of mTORC2 activity in muscle alters overall body composition, substrate utilization and the muscle metabolite profile. • mTORC2 and AMPK regulate IMTG and PLIN3 in opposite fashion in muscle. • AMPK agonism increases PLIN3 expression in a FoxO1 dependent manner. • PLIN3 overexpression increases triglyceride levels in muscle cells.
- Published
- 2016