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Reaction of N-(sulfonyloxy)phtalimide derivatives 1, 2, with cystamine and homocystamine, respectively, affords bis[2,4-dioxol-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroquinazolin-3-yl)alkyl] disulfanes [sequence: see text] 3, which could be reduced to 3-(mercaptoalkyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones. 5. (3-(2-Mercaptoethyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (5a) was also obtained in a one-pot reaction from 1 or 2 and cysteamine. 2-Ethoxy-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones 4a-c were converted with cysteamine to 3-(mercaptoethyl)quinazoline-2,4-diones 5a-c by a new ringtransformation reaction. 3-(2-Mercaptoethyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)dione (5a) and the corresponding disulfane 3a were evaluated for antiviral activity in vitro. Compounds 3a and 5a showed significant antiviral activity against some DNA- and RNA-viruses (vaccinia-, herpes simplex virus type 1; influenza A virus) at concentrations that were nontoxic to the host cell cultures.

Some aminopyridine complexes of palladium and PdCl2 showed an antiviral in vitro activity against enveloped DNA and RNA viruses such as vaccinia virus, pseudorabies virus, NDV and FPV. In contrast, naked RNA virus as mengovirus was not affected. The compounds were compatible for chicken embryo as well as FL cells in concentrations of 100-250 microM. The therapeutical index calculated from the maximally tolerated dose and the concentration causing a 50 per cent plaque reduction was determined with more than 45 for vaccinia virus, for example.

Antiviral activity from anthracycline antibiotics of rhodomycin-type was investigated by two independent methods, which determined the infectious units and antigenity of incomplete virions. The action of rhodomycin was dependent on structure, number and position of amino sugar, which is in aglycon. The viruses of double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses was stronger inhibited as single-stranded RNA viruses. The antiviral activity were found to increase in the serial order iremycin less than adriamycin less than daunomycin less than alpha-rubicin I less than beta-rhodomycin I less than violamycin BI-complex by inhibition kinetic determined from Adeno virus.

The resistance of a total of 13 different viruses to some important chemico-physical influences was studied under uniform experimental conditions. Stability in tape water, thermostability and sensitivity to anodic oxidation, gamma radiation, some virucidal substances and several commercial disinfectants were tested. In evaluating the results, an attempt is made to rank the viruses investigated according to their sensitivity. On average a bovine parvovirus, and also a reovirus and three enteroviruses, proved most stable. These were followed by infectious canine hepatitis (adenoviruses). Newcastle disease (paramyxoviruses) and vaccinia (poxviruses) demonstrating less resistance. In all the tests an orthomyxovirus (influenza A), a rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis), and particularly a herpesvirus (pseudorabies) and a togavirus (sindbis) proved to have relatively low resistance.

"Gigasept" is a highly efficient chemical disinfectant on the basis of succine dialdehyde and form aldehyde. The virucidal capacity was assayed in the suspension test procedure with different representative RNA and DNA viruses with and without an envelope, such as polio wild virus type I, coxsackie virus type B 3, adeno virus type 3, herpes virus type ) and vaccinia virus. Parameter for disinfectant activity was the virus inactivation kinetic, i. e. interdependence of titer reduction vs. disinfectant concentration and disinfectant contact time. A "minimal disinfection" was defined as a greater than or equal to 99.9% virus inactivation. A "disinfection per definitionem" must gain a titer reduction of greater than or equal to 10(3) ID 50 and absence of virus. According to these criteria all virus strains were inactivated by Gigasept regardless of absence or presence of serum, which was tested in a concentration of 40% calf serum. Disinfection per definitionem was achieved with Gigasept concentrations of 3% after 60 min. or 5% after 30 min. except for enteroviruses. This group of viruses has to be disinfected with a 10% solution for 4 hours or with a 5% solution overnight. Gigasept, on the basis of these results, can be classified as a highly effective virucidal disinfectant. As to the hepatitis virus group however, no data so far are available. An enterovirus - disinfection procedure is recommended in hepatitis risk areas, as long as test systems for hepatitis viruses are not developed.