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The COVID-19 pandemic reminded accountants and auditors of one of the most important concepts of modern accounting – the going concern assumption. Going concern refers to a company's ability to make enough money to stay afloat or to avoid bankruptcy. Based on the application of agency theory and signalling theory this study aimed to examine the influence of GCG practices, financial condition and company growth on the going concern of transportation and logistics service sector companies listed on the IDX. This study is associative research with secondary data obtained from the annual report on the IDX website and CGC reports. The data collected for analysis covers the period from 2019-2022. Going concern is proxied by going concern opinion with dummies 1 and 0. GCG practices are measured using disclosure quality based on the CG index covering GCG structures and processes and the performance of its issuers in terms of internal control units, remuneration, and Corporate Secretary. Financial condition is measured using the Altman Z-score prediction model. Corporate growth is proxied by calculating the sales growth ratio based on each corporation's profit/loss statement. The research sample is transportation and logistics service sector companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022, amounting to 20 companies with a total observation data of 80. The data testing in this study uses logistic regression analysis to determine the predictive power of these financial ratios, which are the most dominant in determining whether a corporation will receive a going concern audit opinion. The researchers found that only financial condition significantly affects the company's going concern in this study. The negative coefficient direction means that transportation and logistics service sector companies that experience poor financial conditions still get a non-going concern opinion where management can convince stakeholders and auditors that they can still maintain their business sustainability. Meanwhile, good corporate governance practices do not significantly affect going concern because investors take into account many other factors to consider the sustainability of the company's business. Company growth also has no significant effect on going concern because companies with profit growth also do not guarantee that the company is free from financial problems that may affect its business continuity.

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The goal of this paper is related to the assessment of companies’ condition on a capital market that is an important information for stakeholders, including investors and managers. The article presents assessment methods related to value creation, solvency and growth potential. Methodology: The measure of the company’s financial situation based on Altman’s Z-Score, Tobin’s Q and EPS growth factor is proposed in this study as a variable that can be influenced by strategies reflected in the levels of financial ratios. The paper provides a new approach to the way the financial condition can be appraised. Results of the research: Basing on data analysis it was found that the companies’ situation related to the 3-year EPS growth, bankruptcy probability and growth potential is determined by total assets in a negative way and return on assets in a positive way. The condition of the companies related to the 5-year EPS growth, bankruptcy probability and growth potential is determined by the capital structure and return on equity in a positive way. Short term growth is therefore determined by assets management and long term growth by the optimization of capital structure. In addition it was found that there are differences between companies in a good and weak condition in terms of the strategies they implement.

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The paper discusses the problem of condition of companies together with their growth measured by earnings per share, sales, assets and equity. The condition of a company in a capital market is considered good when the goal of the business is achieved, namely the increase of value that occurs with the increase of earnings per share. We assume that the condition of companies measured by Altman’s Z-score Model scores is related to their growth, and ratios applied in this model influence the growth of companies measured by EPS, sales, assets and equity. The research is conducted in two groups of companies, one representing WIG listed entities and the other one comprising DAX listed companies. Methodology: The growth of earnings per share is considered as a measure of companies’ value creation. The growth of EPS should be related to the growth of sales, assets and equity according to the growth theory. To analyze the influence of Altman’s Z-score Model on the growth of EPS, sales, assets and equity, the Pearson and Spearman correlation is applied in the first place. Moreover, logit models are applied to analyze the influence of ratios composing the Altman’s Z-score Model on the growth of EPS, sales, assets and equity. Results of the research: Discriminant models can be applied for the assessment of the economic condition of companies but the interpretation of the results should take into account the fact that risky strategies identified by Altman’s Z-score Model as dangerous are related to the higher growth of earnings per share, therefore, there should be a negative relationship between Altman’s Z-score Model scores and EPS growth and it was confirmed in this study.

In Indonesia, the government invites business actors to jointly reduce greenhouse gas emissions through disclosure of carbon emissions. Disclosure of carbon emissions in Indonesia is still voluntary (voluntary disclosure), so not all companies disclose this information in their reports. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of factors such as company size, profitability, company growth, environmental committees, and gender diversity on carbon emission disclosure by Indonesia’s manufacturing companies. For the study, the authors selected 16 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. The activities of these companies are the subject of study. To measure the extent of the carbon emission disclosure, a checklist is developed based on the measurement sheet provided by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). The CDP is an organisation based in the United Kingdom which supports companies and cities to disclose the environmental impact of major corporations. The main idea of the project is that environmental reporting and risk management should become a business norm in order to ensure sustainable development of the economy. The study results show that company size has an effect on the level of carbon emission disclosure. The bigger is the company – the greater is the pressure that results from its economic activities. Therefore, the government and the public pay more attention to such business entities. It prompts the company to disclose its carbon emissions. At the same time, such factors as profitability, company growth, environmental committee and gender diversity do not affect on carbon emission disclosure. It was found that the level of carbon emission disclosure among Indonesia’s manufacturing companies is very low, and therefore the government and society need to take measures to increase the responsibility of business entities for environmental pollution.