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Langerhans cell Histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic disease, which occurs mainly in children and adolescents. The disease may affect any organ, and therefore, the clinical symptoms vary widely. Some patients have a spontaneous remission of the disease, whereas others experience a rapid and potentially lethal clinical course. The therapeutic approach depends on the extent of the disease, and reaches from a watch-and-wait strategy to chemotherapy with the standard drugs vinblastine and prednisone. The identification of mutations in the MAPK-pathway resulted in growing interest in targeted therapy using compounds such as the BRAF inhibitors. Chronic relapses and permanent sequelae are important problems of LCH and are the focus of current research., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen und Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonfliktbesteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

We report of a fetus who was ultrasonographically shown to have growth retardation, oligohydramnios and a pericardial effusion without other components of a hydrops fetalis at 28 weeks' gestation. At 29 weeks' gestation the child was born by cesarean section of pathological CTG. A congenital cytomegaly was diagnosed. The etiological role of the infection for the development of the pericardial effusion is discussed.