15 results on '"Cigarette Smoking"'
Search Results
2. Was wissen Patienten mit einem Prostatakarzinom über das Rauchen? : Ergebnisse einer bizentrischen Fragebogenstudie (KRAUT-Studie).
- Author
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May, M., Gilfrich, C., Spachmann, P., Maurer, O., Dombrowski, M., Fritsche, H., Wöhr, M., Brookman-May, S., Karl, T., Schostak, M., Burger, M., Lebentrau, S., Dombrowski, M K, Fritsche, H M, and Wöhr, M
- Subjects
SMOKING prevention ,HEALTH attitudes ,PATIENT education ,PROSTATE tumors ,SMOKING ,SMOKING cessation ,SURVIVAL ,INFORMATION literacy ,DISEASE prevalence - Abstract
Background: According to the results of a recent meta-analysis, cancer-specific mortality of prostate cancer (PCA) patients is enhanced by 24 % in case of a positive smoking history with a dose-dependent impact of smoking. Until now it is unknown whether this information actually reaches the patients and how extensively an informational discussion about this topic is pursued by physicians.Objective: Three study hypotheses were defined: (1) the knowledge of PCA patients about the potential relationship between tumor progression and cigarette consumption is low, (2) only in rare cases has a clear statement been provided by treating physicians including the explicit advice to stop smoking, and (3) there was a direct association between tumor stage and the extent of cigarette consumption.Materials and Methods: A questionnaire comprising 23 items was developed and validated with 25 uro-oncological patients prior to study start. Between September 2013 and December 2014 a total of 124 PCA patients (median age 65 years) from two urology departments were included in this questionnaire-based survey.Results: The study population comprised 43 % (n = 54), 39 % (n = 48), and 18 % (n = 22) nonsmokers, former smokers and active smokers, respectively. Active and former smokers differed insignificantly in the number of pack-years only (24.8 vs. 23.7 years, p = 0.995). Of the patients, 56 % regarded an influence of cigarette consumption on the PCA-specific prognosis as possible. However, because a significant (p < 0.001) number of patients wrongly suspected smoking to be causative for PCA development, their knowledge about PCA prognosis is supposedly not based on adequate knowledge. Two of 22 active smokers (9.1 %), 5 of 48 former smokers (10.4 %), and 2 of 54 nonsmokers (3.7 %) had an informational discussion with their urologist about the association of cigarette consumption and PCA-related prognosis (a further 9.1, 4.2 and 3.7 %, respectively, received this information solely from other medical specialties). Only 1 of 22 active smokers (4.5 %) was offered medical aids for smoking cessation by the general practitioner; none of the patients received such support by an urologist. There was no association between a positive smoking history or number of pack-years and PCA tumor stage.Conclusions: Education of PCA patients about the relationship between cigarette consumption and cancer-related prognosis is currently inadequate. Following the latest findings on this topic, urologists should pursue informational discussions with their patients, thereby strengthening their position as the primary contact person for decision making in PCA management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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3. Sekundäre Prävention bei Patienten mit oberflächlichem Urothelkarzinom.
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Schnöller, T.J., Zengerling, F., Hirning, C., and Jentzmik, F.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2015
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4. Lungenkarzinom.
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Adamietz, I.A. and Niederle, N.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Onkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
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5. Prämature Atherosklerose—vererbt oder erworben?
- Author
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Reiter, R. and Sinzinger, H.
- Abstract
Copyright of Gefaesschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
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6. Effekte einer Beatmung mit 100 % Sauerstoff auf die posttraumatische Inflammationsantwort der Lunge nach stumpfem Thoraxtrauma bei zigarettenrauchexponierten sowie gesunden Mäusen
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Lupetto, Lucia, Wagner, Katja, and Kalbitz, Miriam
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100 % Sauerstof ,Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung ,Hyperoxie ,Sauerstoff ,Hyperoxia ,Zigarettenrauchexposition ,Lungenkrankheit ,Mice ,Pulmonary disease, Chronic Obstructive ,Stumpfes Thoraxtrauma ,Oxygen ,Therapeutic use ,Thoracic injuries ,ddc:610 ,Cigarette smoking ,Physiopathology ,DDC 610 / Medicine & health - Abstract
Das stumpfe Thoraxtrauma stellt ein häufiges Verletzungsmuster bei polytraumatisierten Patienten dar. Viele dieser Patienten leiden, neben den akuten Folgen, zusätzlich auch an einer Reihe von Grunderkrankungen. Eine der Häufigsten, die Lunge betreffende Erkrankung, ist die COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Solch eine vorbestehende Alteration der Lunge, wie sie durch eine chronische Zigarettenrauchexposition entstehen kann, ist mit einem höheren Risiko verbunden, ein ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome) nach Thoraxtrauma zu entwickeln. Eine kurzzeitige Beatmung mit 100 % Sauerstoff führte in verschiedenen Tierexperimenten zu einer abgeschwächten pulmonalen Inflammationsantwort. Auf der anderen Seite kann eine Hyperoxie aber auch zu oxidativem Stress mit potentiell schädlichen Effekten wie z.B. einem erhöhten Zelltod oder DNA-Schäden führen. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, Effekte einer vorbestehenden Zigarettenrauchexposition auf die posttraumatische Inflammationsreaktion der Lunge nach stumpfem Thoraxtrauma zu evaluieren. Ferner sollten die zusätzlichen Effekte einer Beatmung mit 100 % Sauerstoff im Vergleich zu einer Beatmung mit Raumluft (21 % Sauerstoff) analysiert werden. Insgesamt wurde 32 Mäusen, nach standardisiertem Schema, ein stumpfes Thoraxtrauma zugefügt. Die Hälfte der Tiere wurde zuvor einer 3 – 4 wöchigen Zigarettenrauchexposition in einem dafür spezialisierten Labor unterzogen. Das Thoraxtrauma wurde bei den Versuchstieren unter Analgosedierung in Spontanatmung durchgeführt. Direkt nach Thoraxtrauma wurden alle Tiere umgehend tracheotomiert und lungen-protektiv beatmet (entweder mit 100 % oder mit 21% Sauerstoff). Alle Tiere erhielten, analog intensivmedizinisch behandelter Patienten, zudem einen zentralen Venenkatheter, eine arteriellen Katheter, einen Blasenkatheter sowie eine Temperatursonde. Neben dem kontinuierlichen hämodynamischen Monitoring und der Überwachung der Beatmungparameter wurden regelmäßig Compliancemessungen sowie Blutgasanalysen durchgeführt. Nach einer Beatmungsdauer von vier Stunden erfolgte die Organentnahme für die Gewebsuntersuchung. Aus Lungengewebe und Blutproben wurde eine Einzelzell - Gelelektrophorese (Comet Assay) zur Bestimmung der DNA-Schäden Zusammenfassung 54 durchgeführt. Ferner wurden aus dem Lungengewebe mittels Westernblot die Aktivität von HIF-1α (Hypoxie-induzierte Faktor 1 α), HO-1 (Hämoxygenase-1) und Caspase 3 bestimmt. Es zeigte sich ein erniedrigter Sauerstoffpartialdruck, sowie Oxygenierungsindex bei den zigarettenrauchexponierten Tieren. Die Compliance der berauchten Mäuse war sowohl unter Normoxie als auch unter Hyperoxie im Vergleich zu den nicht berauchten Tieren erhöht. Unter Hyperoxie zeigte sich ferner ein Anstieg des zytoprotektiven Enzyms Hämoxygenase-1 bei den zigarettenrauchexponierten Tieren. Die HIF-1α Expression war in den beiden hyperoxischen Gruppe verglichen mit der normoxischen, nicht-exponierten Gruppe reduziert. Die aktivierte Caspase-3 war in der rauchexponierten normoxischen Gruppe signifikant erhöht. Im Comet Assay zeigten sich keinerlei Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Nach stumpfem Thoraxtrauma führt eine vorausgegangene chronische Zigarettenrauchexposition zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Oxygenierung, was auf verdickte Alveolarmembranen als Folge einer erhöhten Anfälligkeit des Lungengewebes für Apoptose und Inflammation zurückgeführt werden könnte. Die Compliance ist bei den rauchexponierten Tieren sowohl unter Normoxie als auch unter Hyperoxie verbessert. Dies könnte auf eine COPD - typische Überblähung der Lunge hindeuten. Eine kurzzeitige Beatmung mit 100 % Sauerstoff war nicht mit schädlichen Effekten auf die Lungenmechanik, den Gasaustausch oder die lokale Inflammationsantwort vergesellschaftet. Allerdings konnte auch kein bedeutender Vorteil einer Hyperoxie nachgewiesen werden. Bei den zigarettenrauchexponierten Tieren reduzierte die Hyperoxie die Apoptose im Lungengewebe eventuell als Folge einer Hochregulation der antiinflammatorischen und anti-apoptotischen Hämoxygenase-1.
- Published
- 2019
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7. Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom, Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom.
- Author
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Heinemann, G., Schievelbein, H., Eberhagen, D., and Rahlfs, V.
- Abstract
Copyright of Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1981
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8. [The decline of cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults in Germany and the rising relevance of waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs]
- Author
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Boris, Orth and Christina, Merkel
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Adult ,Male ,Young Adult ,Adolescent ,Germany ,Tobacco ,Humans ,Female ,Water Pipe Smoking ,Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ,Child ,Smoking Water Pipes ,Cigarette Smoking - Abstract
National and international studies indicate that despite the decline in the consumption of traditional tobacco cigarettes, the consumption of other products, such as waterpipes (or hookahs), e‑cigarettes or e‑hookahs (a variant of e‑cigarettes), may be increasing. In addition to the long-term change in smoking behaviour, this article examines how the prevalence of smoking tobacco cigarettes, waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs in adolescents and young adults in Germany has developed between 2007 and 2016.Data are based on representative surveys on substance use among adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25 conducted by the Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA) from 1973 to 2016. Age- and gender-specific trends of the proportion of those who describe themselves as smokers are shown. Additionally, trends of single and combined 30-day prevalence of consumption of tobacco cigarettes, waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs are presented and tested for significance.Between 2007 and 2016, the decline in the proportion of adolescents and young adults who call themselves smokers and the decline of 30-day prevalence of consumption of tobacco cigarettes continued. At the same time, the consumption of waterpipes is rising in young adults and the consumption of e‑cigarettes is rising in young men. Among adolescents, the exclusive use of waterpipes, e‑cigarettes or e‑hookahs was more widespread in 2016 than the exclusive consumption of tobacco cigarettes.In comparison to tobacco cigarettes, the consumption of waterpipes, e‑cigarettes and e‑hookahs is becoming increasingly important among adolescents and young adults. Thus, these products must also be considered in the planning and design of preventive measures for the prevention of smoking.
- Published
- 2018
9. GIP-ähnliche Befunde mit besonderem Ursachenspektrum.
- Author
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Müller, K.-M., Kenter, M., and Wardelmann, E.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Pathologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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10. Die Behandlung der Tabakabhängigkeit mit Nikotin – Erfahrungen aus dem Raucherberatungszentrum Erfurt
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Haustein, Knut-Olaf, Voigt, M., Haustein, H., and Meigen, C.
- Published
- 2004
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11. Effect of smoking on the failure rates of orthodontic miniscrews
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Oskar Bauss and Emad Bayat
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Smoking habit ,Bone Screws ,Dentistry ,Orthodontics ,Light smoker ,Risk Assessment ,Young Adult ,Cigarette smoking ,Risk Factors ,Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ,Medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Heavy smoking ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Middle Aged ,respiratory tract diseases ,Prosthesis Failure ,Causality ,Smoking epidemiology ,Cohort ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Oral and maxillofacial surgery ,Female ,Oral Surgery ,business - Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on the failure rates of orthodontic miniscrews. Our cohort consisted of 88 patients with a total of 110 orthodontic miniscrews. Based on their smoking habits, the patients were divided into three groups: the light smokers (≤ 10 cigarettes/day), heavy smokers (> 10 cigarettes/ day), and non-smokers. The light-smoker group consisted of 14 patients with 18 orthodontic miniscrews, and there were 15 patients with 19 miniscrews among the heavy smokers. The nonsmoker group contained 59 patients with a total of 73 miniscrews. The overall failure rate was 18.2% (n = 20). Heavy smokers revealed a significantly higher failure rate than light smokers (p = 0.005) or non-smokers (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between non-smokers and light smokers. Miniscrews in the heavy smoker group exhibited a significantly higher failure rate during the first 4 months after insertion than did the miniscrews in the light smokers (p = 0.008) or non-smokers (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that heavy smoking has a detrimental effect on the success rates of orthodontic miniscrews.
- Published
- 2009
12. Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von verhaltensbezogenen Maßnahmen zur Prävention des Zigarettenrauchens
- Author
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Müller-Riemenschneider, F, Rasch, A, Bockelbrink, A, Vauth, C, Willich, SN, and Greiner, W
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MINORS ,Zigarettenindustrie ,Minderjährige ,GESUNDHEITSFÖRDERUNG ,Prävention ,Verhalten ,Jugendliche ,Tabak ,Primäre Prävention ,SCHOOLS ,NICOTINE ,HEALTH CAMPAIGN ,ADOLESCENTS ,NICOTIN ,SCHULEN UND AUSBILDUNGSSTÄTTEN ,Schulen ,STÖRUNGEN DURCH TABAKGENUß ,Rauchen ,Tabakabhängigkeit ,TOBACCO ,Kinder ,Heranwachsende ,TOBACCO USE DISORDER ,Nikotinabhängigkeit ,Schulkind ,YOUTH ,ddc: 610 ,CIGARETTE SMOKING ,ADOLESZENT ,Gesundheitsverhalten ,SMOKING ,PRIMARY PREVENTION ,TEENAGER ,HEALTH PROMOTION ,BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Background The hazardous health effects of smoking and second hand smoke have been confirmed in numerous studies. For Germany, the mortality attributable to smoking is estimated at 110,000 to 140,000 deaths per year, associated with annual smoking-related costs of 17 to 21 billion euro. Because the majority of smokers initiate this habit early in life, behavioural preventive strategies usually tried to prevent the uptake of smoking among children and youths. Objectives The goal of this HTA is to summarise the current literature on behavioural strategies for smoking prevention and to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of smoking prevention programs. In addition, this report aims to compare the effectiveness and efficacy of different intervention components and to evaluate the reliability of results in the German context. Methods Relevant publications were identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed through the German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI). In addition a manual search of identified reference lists was conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published between August 2001 and August 2006 targeting youths up to 18 years old. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria, based on the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Results Among 3,580 publications 37 medical studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall study quality was satisfactory but only half the studies reported smoking uptake as an outcome, while the remaining studies reported alternative outcome parameters. The follow-up duration varied between twelve and 120 months. Although overall effectiveness of prevention programs showed considerable heterogeneity, there was evidence for the long-term effectiveness of behavioural smoking prevention programs. However, the reduction in smoking rates was only moderate. Community and multisectorial interventions reported more conclusive evidence for reductions in smoking rates, while the evidence for school-based programs alone was inconclusive. Only one study from Germany fulfilled the methodological criteria and was included in this report. Three included economic studies focused on school-based interventions. Study results suggested, that the cost-effectiveness of school-based behavioural interventions is positive. Discussion Behavioural preventive strategies were effective to delay or decrease uptake of smoking behaviour among children and youth. The effect size, however, was only moderate. Similar to previous research, there was no conclusive evidence for the long-term effectiveness of school-based interventions, whereas community and multisectorial interventions provided more conclusive evidence. However, sustainability of intervention effects has to be regarded with caution. In addition, there is evidence that findings from international studies can be adapted to the German situation and that intervention effectiveness is comparable. The available evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of school-based interventions is not sufficient to draw reliable conclusions. Conclusion Behavioural preventive strategies can be effective in the prevention of smoking among children and youths. It seems advisable, though, to incorporate community strategies in addition to school-based strategies in order to improve their effectiveness. Future research should, amongst others, attempt to investigate the effectiveness of specific intervention components and the cost-effectiveness in methodologically high-quality studies. Hintergrund Die negativen Auswirkungen des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Gesundheit sind unzweifelhaft nachgewiesen. Allein in Deutschland wird die Zahl der durch Zigarettenkonsum jährlich verursachten Todesfälle auf 110.000 bis 140.000 und die jährlichen Kosten auf 17 bis 21 Mrd. Euro geschätzt. Die Mehrheit der Raucher nimmt diese Gewohnheit bereits im Jugendalter auf. Dieser Aufnahme wird versucht unter anderem mit verhaltensbezogenen Präventionsmaßnahmen früh entgegenzuwirken. Fragestellung Ziel dieses HTA-Berichts ist die Erstellung einer umfassenden Übersicht der aktuellen Literatur verhaltensbezogener Maßnahmen in der Primärprävention des Zigarettenrauchens, um verschiedene verhaltensbezogene Präventionsprogramme und einzelne Interventionskomponenten bezüglich ihrer medizinischen Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu vergleichen. Methodik Relevante Publikationen wurden über eine strukturierte Datenbankrecherche sowie mittels Handrecherche identifiziert. Die Literaturrecherche erstreckte sich von August 2001 bis August 2006. Die Zielpopulation waren Kinder und Jugendliche bis zum vollendeten 18. Lebensjahr. Die methodische Qualität wurde von jeweils zwei unabhängigen Gutachtern unter Beachtung von Kriterien der evidenzbasierten Medizin (EbM) systematisch geprüft. Ergebnisse Von insgesamt 3.580 Treffern erfüllen 37 Studien die medizinischen Einschlusskriterien, mit einem Nachbeobachtungszeitraum zwischen zwölf und 120 Monaten. Insgesamt ist die Studienqualität zufrieden stellend, allerdings berichtet nur die Hälfte der Studien differenziert über die Neuraucherquote, während die übrigen Studien andere Outcomemaße verwenden. Die Wirksamkeit einzelner Präventionsprogramme stellt sich als sehr heterogen dar. Insgesamt kann langfristig eine moderate Reduktion der Neuraucherquote beobachtet werden, die sich für Community- und sektorübergreifende Interventionen deutlicher darstellt als für reine Schulinterventionen. Die Datenlage zu einzelnen Interventionskomponenten ist sehr eingeschränkt. Lediglich eine Studie aus Deutschland erfüllt die Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien des HTA-Berichts. Es können nur drei ökonomische Modellierungsstudien zur Untersuchung von Kosten-Effektivität bei schulbasierten verhaltensbezogenen Maßnahmen in die Bewertung eingeschlossen werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien lassen nur tendenziell auf eine positive Kosten-Effektivität von schulbasierten Interventionen schließen. Insgesamt ist die verfügbare Evidenz jedoch nicht ausreichend, um verlässliche Aussagen über die Wirtschaftlichkeit und Vergleichbarkeit zu treffen. Diskussion Verhaltensbezogene Präventionsprogramme sind in der Lage die Aufnahme des Rauchens zu verhindern bzw. zu verzögern, auch wenn die Reduktion der Neuraucherquote lediglich moderat ist. Da keine der methodisch verlässlichen Studien Teilnehmer bis in das Erwachsenenalter nachverfolgt, müssen Aussagen über die Nach-haltigkeit als eingeschränkt angesehen werden. Es finden sich keine eindeutigen Hinweise für die langfristige Wirksamkeit von reinen Schulinterventionen, wohingegen die Evidenzlage für Community- und sektorübergrei-fende Interventionen eindeutiger erscheint. Die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf Deutschland ist limitiert, da nur eine deutsche Studie die Kriterien des vorliegenden Berichts erfüllte. Schlussfolgerung Aktuelle verhaltensbezogene Präventionsprogramme sind in der Lage eine Reduktion der Neuraucher bzw. der Raucherquote langfristig zu erzielen. Jedoch scheint die Ergänzung bestehender Schulräventionsprogramme durch geeignete Community-Interventionen notwendig zu sein, um die Wirksamkeit verhaltensbezogener Strategien zu steigern. Zukünftige Studien sollten unter anderem darauf abzielen, die Effektivität einzelner Interventionskomponenten und die Kosten-Effektivität in methodisch hochwertigen Studien zu untersuchen.
- Published
- 2008
13. Zu den akuten pulmonalen Wirkungen bei Verwendung einer E-Zigarette
- Author
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Horvath, I.
- Published
- 2012
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14. [Xerostomia and its impact on oral health-related quality of life].
- Author
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Herrmann G, Müller K, Behr M, and Hahnel S
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Comorbidity, Female, Germany epidemiology, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nursing Homes, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking psychology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Oral Health statistics & numerical data, Quality of Life psychology, Smoking epidemiology, Xerostomia epidemiology, Xerostomia psychology
- Abstract
Background: Dry mouth is a frequently occurrence in elderly people and causes numerous clinical and social problems., Objective: To investigate the quality of life in geriatric patients living in nursing homes depending on the subjective sensation of dry mouth and associated oral parameters., Material and Methods: A total of 62 male and female elderly patients living in 7 cooperating nursing homes were interviewed employing questionnaires with regard to their oral health-related quality of life (GOHAI) and their subjective perception of dry mouth (sXI-D). Dental status, drinking habits and current medication were documented., Results: The mean GOHAI score was 53.6 and the mean sXI-D score was 7.9. Oral health-related quality of life was significantly influenced by the subjective sensation of dry mouth (p < 0.001), whereas no significant impact of the number of residual teeth or implants or the character of prosthetic restorations could be identified. Xerostomia was significantly influenced by the number of medications consumed (p = 0.039)., Conclusion: Xerostomia has a significant impact on the oral health-related quality of life of elderly people living in nursing homes. Thus, dental treatment should focus on the alleviation of xerostomia to improve the oral health-related quality of life in the elderly population.
- Published
- 2017
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15. [What do prostate cancer patients know about smoking? : Results of a bicentric questionnaire study (KRAUT study)].
- Author
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May M, Gilfrich C, Spachmann P, Maurer O, Dombrowski MK, Fritsche HM, Wöhr M, Brookman-May S, Karl T, Schostak M, Burger M, and Lebentrau S
- Subjects
- Aged, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking Prevention, Surveys and Questionnaires, Survival Rate, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Literacy statistics & numerical data, Patient Education as Topic statistics & numerical data, Prostatic Neoplasms mortality, Smoking mortality, Smoking Cessation statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: According to the results of a recent meta-analysis, cancer-specific mortality of prostate cancer (PCA) patients is enhanced by 24 % in case of a positive smoking history with a dose-dependent impact of smoking. Until now it is unknown whether this information actually reaches the patients and how extensively an informational discussion about this topic is pursued by physicians., Objective: Three study hypotheses were defined: (1) the knowledge of PCA patients about the potential relationship between tumor progression and cigarette consumption is low, (2) only in rare cases has a clear statement been provided by treating physicians including the explicit advice to stop smoking, and (3) there was a direct association between tumor stage and the extent of cigarette consumption., Materials and Methods: A questionnaire comprising 23 items was developed and validated with 25 uro-oncological patients prior to study start. Between September 2013 and December 2014 a total of 124 PCA patients (median age 65 years) from two urology departments were included in this questionnaire-based survey., Results: The study population comprised 43 % (n = 54), 39 % (n = 48), and 18 % (n = 22) nonsmokers, former smokers and active smokers, respectively. Active and former smokers differed insignificantly in the number of pack-years only (24.8 vs. 23.7 years, p = 0.995). Of the patients, 56 % regarded an influence of cigarette consumption on the PCA-specific prognosis as possible. However, because a significant (p < 0.001) number of patients wrongly suspected smoking to be causative for PCA development, their knowledge about PCA prognosis is supposedly not based on adequate knowledge. Two of 22 active smokers (9.1 %), 5 of 48 former smokers (10.4 %), and 2 of 54 nonsmokers (3.7 %) had an informational discussion with their urologist about the association of cigarette consumption and PCA-related prognosis (a further 9.1, 4.2 and 3.7 %, respectively, received this information solely from other medical specialties). Only 1 of 22 active smokers (4.5 %) was offered medical aids for smoking cessation by the general practitioner; none of the patients received such support by an urologist. There was no association between a positive smoking history or number of pack-years and PCA tumor stage., Conclusions: Education of PCA patients about the relationship between cigarette consumption and cancer-related prognosis is currently inadequate. Following the latest findings on this topic, urologists should pursue informational discussions with their patients, thereby strengthening their position as the primary contact person for decision making in PCA management.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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