Search

Einleitung: Das multiparametrische MRT und MRT-gesteuerte, gezielte Stanzbiopsien sind in der Lage, die Detektionsraten von Prostatakarzinomen deutlich zu verbessern. Jedoch bleibt eine Vorhersage, mit welcher Wahrscheinlichkeit ein klinisch signifikantes Karzinom vorliegt allein auf Basis von klinischen [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Einleitung: Die Methode der transrektalen MRT-TRUS Fusionsbiopsie trägt entscheidend zu einer Verbesserung der Tumordiagnoseraten bei. Obwohl durch diese Methode die Genauigkeit der Prostatastanzbiopsie gesteigert wird, bleibt die sichere Vorhersage eines klinisch signifikanten Prostatakarzinoms[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 45. Gemeinsame Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie und der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung

Einleitung: Die Methode der transrektalen MRT-TRUS Fusionsbiopsie trägt entscheidend zu einer Verbesserung der Tumordiagnoseraten bei. Obwohl durch diese Methode die Genauigkeit der Prostatastanzbiopsie gesteigert wird, bleibt die sichere Vorhersage eines klinisch signifikanten Prostatakarzinoms[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 44. gemeinsamen Tagung der Bayerischen Urologenvereinigung und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Urologie und Andrologie

Non-invasive imaging modalities are used for the morphological and functional evaluation and diagnosis of gout; however, none of these methods are sufficiently sensitive or specific for the diagnosis of gout. By the use of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) the direct visualization of sodium urate deposition is now possible. Moreover, it is possible to show the different pathological situations, disease activity and monitoring of tophaceous gout. The positive DECT scan became one of the 2015 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for gout 2 years ago.The literature search from 2009-2017 in PubMed, with the search criteria "Dual Energy CT and Gout" revealed 77 publications on the DECT method.The DECT technique has a high sensitivity (90-100%) and a high specificity (83-89%) for diagnosing gout. The development of a semiquantitative scoring method also enables measurement of the severity of urate deposits at specific sites.The gold standard for the diagnosis of gout is still the detection of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals by polarizing microscopy after a joint punction; however with the DECT it is possible to non-invasively visualize, measure and score urate deposition and is therefore suitable for estimating the severity and prognosis. Although not clinical validated, DECT may sometimes help to detect gout. More studies should be conducted.

Einleitung: Mittels Dual Energy CT lassen sich Gichtkristallablagerungen hinsichtlich Größe und Quantität verlässlich bestimmen. Longitudinale Verlaufsbeobachtungen sind derzeit, bis auf eine kleine Studie unter Pegloticase, nicht vorhanden. In unserer Untersuchung geht es um [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 44. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh); 30. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh); 26. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

Einleitung: Die Prävalenz der Arthritis urica wird mit primärer Beteiligung der Extremitäten mit ca. 1-2% der Bevölkerung angegeben [ref:1]. Eine axiale Beteiligung ist nur in wenigen Fällen in der Literatur beschrieben, wobei die Dunkelziffer vermutlich deutlich[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 43. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh); 29. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh); 25. wissenschaftliche Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

eingereicht von: Regina Cavallaro Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Wien, Univ. für Bodenkultur, Masterarb., 2015

The technical progress and broader indications for cross-sectional imaging continuously increase the number of radiological images to be assessed. However, as the amount of image information and available resources (radiologists) do not increase at the same pace and the standards of radiological interpretation and reporting remain consistently high, radiologists have to rely on computer-based support systems. Novel semantic technologies and software relying on structured ontological knowledge are able to "understand" text and image information and interconnect both. This allows complex database queries with both the input of text and image information to be accomplished. Furthermore, semantic software in combination with automatic detection and segmentation of organs and body regions facilitates personalized supportive information in topographical accordance and generates additional information, such as organ volumes. These technologies promise improvements in workflow; however, great efforts and close cooperation between developers and users still lie ahead.

To introduce automated detection and volumetric segmentation of the spleen in spiral CT scans with the THESEUS-MEDICO software. The consistency between automated volumetry (aV), estimated volume determination (eV) and manual volume segmentation (mV) was evaluated.Retrospective evaluation of the CAD system based on methods like "marginal space learning" and "boosting algorithms". 3 consecutive spiral CT scans (thoraco-abdominal; portal-venous contrast agent phase; 1 or 5 mm slice thickness) of 15 consecutive lymphoma patients were included. The eV: 30 cm³ + 0.58 (width × length × thickness of the spleen) and the mV as the reference standard were determined by an experienced radiologist.The aV could be performed in all CT scans within 15.2 (± 2.4) seconds. The average splenic volume measured by aV was 268.21 ± 114.67 cm³ compared to 281.58 ± 130.21 cm³ in mV and 268.93 ± 104.60 cm³ in eV. The correlation coefficient was 0.99 (coefficient of determination (R²) = 0.98) for aV and mV, 0.91 (R² = 0.83) for mV and eV and 0.91 (R² = 0.82) for aV and eV. There was an almost perfect correlation of the changes in splenic volume measured with the new aV and mV (0.92; R² = 0.84), mV and eV (0.95; R² = 0.91) and aV and eV (0.83; R² = 0.69) between two time points.The automated detection and volumetric segmentation software rapidly provides an accurate measurement of the splenic volume in CT scans. Knowledge about splenic volume and its change between two examinations provides valuable clinical information without effort for the radiologist.

Since Apple's iPhone revolutionized the smartphone market, numerous software application features (apps) for portable devices have been developed. Amongst many others, a broad range of medical assistance software, such as anatomic books or medical encyclopedias is now available. We developed an app which helps to identify patients who need medical treatment before intravenous or intra-arterial administration of iodinated contrast media. The purpose of this article is to show that novel techniques such as smartphone applications can be a useful tool in medicine.

To investigate the tolerance of MR examinations in children and adolescents performed in a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner with an expanded bore diameter.163 patients, ages 4 to 25, underwent MR examinations in a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner with an open design (MAGNETOM Espree, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), characterized by a compact length of 125 cm and an expanded 70 cm bore diameter. MR imaging of the brain was carried out in most cases (78.5 %), followed by examinations of the spinal canal (9.8 %), the extremities (9.2 %) and the neck (2.5 %). The patients were divided into four age groups and the success rate, motion artifacts and diagnostic quality of the MR examinations were assessed using a 3-grade scale.In 119 of 163 patients (73.0 %), MR examination was possible without any motion artifacts. With respect to the different age groups, 41.7 % of the 4 - 7-year-old children, 67.6 % of the 8 - 10-year-old children, 84.1 % of the 11 - 16-year-old children and 95.8 % of the patients older than 17 showed tolerance grade I without motion artifacts and excellent diagnostic image quality. In 39 of 163 children (23.9 %), the MR images showed moderate motion artifacts but had sufficient diagnostic quality. With regard to the different age groups, 52.8 % of the 4 - 7-year-old children, 26.5 % of the 8 - 10-year-old children, 15.9 % of the 11 - 16-year-old children and none of the patients older than 17 showed tolerance grade II with moderate motion artifacts and sufficient diagnostic image quality. In only 4 of 124 children10 years old and 1 child10 years old, the MR examination was not feasible and had to be repeated under sedation.Pediatric MR imaging using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner with an open design can be conducted in children and adolescents with excellent acceptance. The failure rate of 3.0 % of cases for pediatric MR imaging is comparable to that of a conventional low-field open MR scanner.

We present the history of a woman suffering from an extensive gastrointestinal bleeding due to liver cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis. Selective angiogram of the celiac artery revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery caused by inflammatory wall penetration. The life-threatening hemorrhage was completely stopped by embolization with three stainless steel coils after microcatheter engagement of the gastroduodenal artery. The particularity of this case is the restricted embolization of the aneurysm vessel segment, so the collateral circulation of the gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal artery could be preserved.

To evaluate the potential of raw data-based multidimensional adaptive filtering (MAF) by determining its effects on image noise and image quality in multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) of the pelvis.Fifty patients with rectal and bladder cancer were examined with MSCT using a high-resolution protocol. Reconstructions were performed with dedicated reconstruction software and a standard algorithm, both without and with MAF, with four different modification fractions selected from 5 % to 20 %. The noise was measured at six anatomic sites of the pelvis. Image quality and image noise were rated on a 5-point-scale.Modification fractions of 15 % (15 % MAF) and 20 % (20 % MAF) significantly reduced the noise level at all measurement points in comparison with lower modification fractions (p0.05). Overall quality of the reconstructed images was rated better with 15 % MAF and 20 % MAF than with other modification fractions (p0.05). No further improvement of the image quality was observed by changing from 15 % MAF to 20 % MAF (p0.05). 15 % MAF achieved a mean noise reduction of 33 %. All examinations showed an improved visualization of the rectal wall and perirectal lymph nodes.MAF improves the image quality by reducing the noise level and by removing noise structures. This technique offers new perspectives to radiation dose reduction in CT.

Patients with neurofibromatosis demonstrate a very variable clinical picture with signs that are largely age dependent. Rarely a glioma is the first presenting sign of the disease.Three patients with gliomas of the optic nerve and chiasm with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) were followed for 10-20 years. Clinical course and therapy are discussed.The correct diagnosis of exophthalmos, papilledema or optic atrophy in childhood is facilitated by family history and examination of an adult member of the family, who is likely to have already developed café-au-lait spots, neurofibromas of the skin, axillary freckles and Lisch nodules as clinical signs of neurofibromatosis.

The present prospective study investigates the changes of the peripheral microcirculation during pregnancy and puerperium, especially in preeclampsia. Using videocapillary microscopy we investigated 30 pregnant women at 4 different times. We studied red cell velocity as well as reactivity to artificial ischaemia of capillary blood vessels. An increase of red cell velocity during the course of pregnancy of approximately 30% and a reduction near normal values within 12 weeks after delivery was demonstrated. There is an obvious decrease of vascular reactivity to ischaemia as a consequence of increasing physiological vasodilatation in pregnancy. 24 pregnant pregnant women with normal peripheral microcirculation at the beginning of pregnancy had an uneventful pregnancy but 3 out of 6 pregnant women with an obviously impaired microcirculation developed pregnancy induced hypertension. These 3 were smokers.

The case material covers 115 glaucoma patients in whom antiglaucomatous trabeculectomy had been performed. Observation times: between a maximum of 3 years (12 cases) and a minimum period of 6 months (18 cases).Open-angle glaucoma 28 cases (22.8%), narrow-angle glaucoma 22 cases (19.1%), air-block glaucoma 17 cases (14.75%), other types 16 cases (13.91%). Best results were obtained with the open-angle glaucoma; surgery had reduced the pressure to normal in 85.21% of the cases. In addition, normal pressure was achieved by drug therapy in 8.8% of the cases. Good results were also obtained in glaucomas with narrow angle of iris (pressure normalization in 86.3% of the cases), as well as in combined surgery when glaucoma and cataract occurred simultaneously. The mechanism of action of the surgical procedure consists in the formation of a fistulating excretory duct covered up by a scleroconjunctival wall, generally forming a flat seepage cushion.

Concilium, Bd. 15 Nr. 8/9 (1979): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 15, Heft 8/9