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Zivilprozessordnung (ZPO): Onlinekommentar

High levels of adiposity in the population have a major impact on various diseases, but previous epidemiologic studies have largely been restricted to simple anthropometric measures such as the body mass index (BMI), an imperfect predictor of disease risk. There is a critical need for the use of improved measures of relative weight and body composition in large-scale, population-based research.The current article presents initial descriptive results of body composition and fat distribution based on the midterm baseline dataset of the German National Cohort, which included 101,817 participants who were examined in 18 study centers in Germany between March 2014 and March 2017. The anthropometric measures encompassed body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), sonography of abdominal adipose tissue, 3D-body scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging.BMI analyses showed that 46.2% of men and 29.7% of women were overweight and 23.5% of men and 21.2% of women were obese. On average, women in almost all age groups demonstrated more subcutaneous adipose tissue layer thickness than men. The mean values of visceral adipose tissue layer thickness, on the other hand, were higher among men than among women in all age groups and increased continuously across age groups in both sexes.The comprehensive assessment of body composition and fat distribution provides novel future opportunities for detailed epidemiologic analyses of overweight and adiposity in relation to the development of chronic diseases.

High levels of adiposity in the population have a major impact on various diseases, but previous epidemiologic studies have largely been restricted to simple anthropometric measures such as the body mass index (BMI), an imperfect predictor of disease risk. There is a critical need for the use of improved measures of relative weight and body composition in large-scale, population-based research. The current article presents initial descriptive results of body composition and fat distribution based on the midterm baseline dataset of the German National Cohort, which included 101,817 participants who were examined in 18 study centers in Germany between March 2014 and March 2017. The anthropometric measures encompassed body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), sonography of abdominal adipose tissue, 3D-body scanning, and magnetic resonance imaging. BMI analyses showed that 46.2% of men and 29.7% of women were overweight and 23.5% of men and 21.2% of women were obese. On average, women in almost all age groups demonstrated more subcutaneous adipose tissue layer thickness than men. The mean values of visceral adipose tissue layer thickness, on the other hand, were higher among men than among women in all age groups and increased continuously across age groups in both sexes. The comprehensive assessment of body composition and fat distribution provides novel future opportunities for detailed epidemiologic analyses of overweight and adiposity in relation to the development of chronic diseases. © 2020, The Author(s).

Introduction: One definition of life is a “selfsustaining system capable of Darwinian evolution”. Thus, the ability to measure evolution is highly relevant to the search for life beyond Earth (Neveu et al. 2018). We previously discussed potential space experiments to measure evolution using nanopore sequencing in a satellite, on/in the International Space Station (ISS), or for life detection (Saboda et al. 2019).

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)defines life as a “self-sustaining chemical System capable of Darwinian evolution,”yet a NASA-developed ladder of life detection suggests that measuring such evolution is not feasible within the resource constraints of currently-envisioned life detection missions. If true, such missions cannot strictly verify whether life beyond Earth exists. We propose to resolve this issue in two ways. First, we argue that it is possible to make this measurement. By way of example, we report measurement of evolution in Bacillus subtilis 168 subjected to UV exposure, made solely with a small portable nanopore-based single molecule sequencing device, which is broadly compatible with the constraints of life detection missions, especially for Mars. Detected genetic differences suggest an inherent lifestyle tradeoff between adaptation to oxidative stress and growth rates, consistent with an observed slow-growth phenotype. Second, we argue that we can be confident in detecting life without measuring Darwinian evolution per se. For example, amino acid abundance distributions and lipid carbon chain length distributions have previously been proposed as unambiguous biomarkers. Here we focus on informational polymers, e.g. nucleic acids, which form the basis for heredity that enables evolution in all known life. Indeed, long charged polymers may be universal features of aqueous-based life due to their ability to separate information storage from physicochemical properties. The goal to detect not only DNA and RNA, but related or unrelated polymers, will require further development of nascent technologies to enable a broad-based search for life on Mars, Enceladus, and Europa. Informational polymers, in combination with other“unambiguous” biomarkers,can provide a high confidence in detection of life as we know it or as we don’t know it.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Poststroke Depression (PSD) bei aphasischen Menschen und dem Einfluss ihrer PSD auf die Logopädie. Weiter wurde untersucht, wie Logopädinnen1 auf damit verbundene Schwierigkeiten reagieren können. Ziel ist es, ihr Wissen und ihr Selbstverständnis des Berufes zusammenzutragen. Ein Fragebogen mit qualitativen und quantitativen Fragen wurde 32 mal in 14 Deutschschweizer Kantone verschickt. Die Antworten wurden mit Fachliteratur verglichen und ergänzt. Folgendes wurde bestätigt: Es besteht eine fachliche Unsicherheit und Uneinigkeit. Die Aphasietherapie wird negativ von der PSD beeinflusst. Einfühlungsvermögen, interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und genügend Fachwissen können dieser Problematik entgegenwirken. Am Ende dieser Arbeit werden Ansätze für den Umgang mit Betroffenen und Möglichkeiten, sich interdisziplinär für sie einzusetzen, erarbeitet und in einem Merkblatt festgehalten.

Posterior urethral valve is a condition that leads to characteristic changes in the bladder and upper tracts. The bladder develops hypertrophic changes including muscular hypertrophy, dilatation of the prostatic urethra (keyhole appearance), and progressive hydroureteronephrosis. The voiding cystourethrogram confirms the diagnosis and documents vesicoureteral reflux and accompanying bladder changes. The follow-up of the serum creatinine level is a parameter for renal recovery. In our opinion, primary endoscopic ablation of the valves followed by a wait-and-see attitude is the most efficacious management of posterior urethral valves. The development of the bladder function is controlled by ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram. Urodynamics provide a formal and objective means of assessing bladder function, but should be carefully applied in infants. Valve ablation in a neonate with significant reflux and a markedly trabeculated bladder can remodel itself remarkably within the 1st year of life. The persistence of hydronephrosis, bladder wall thickening and trabeculation, and persistent elevation of serum creatinine can all be harbingers that a degree of bladder outlet obstruction persists and one needs to rule out a persistent anatomic obstruction. At what point a functional obstruction occurs and which management is reasonable are still issues of debate and require the vigilance of a pediatric urologist to sort out. Dysfunctions of the bladder such as hyperreflexia, hypertonic, small capacity bladder, sphincter incompetence and/or myogenic failure should be adequately treated.

Ein Tumor der Nickhautdrüse wurde bei einer 13jährigen Chihuahuahündin diagnostiziert. Histopathologic des resezierten Gewebes ergab ein alpokrines Adnexom mit squamöser Metaplasie. Die Literatur bezüglich der Nickhautdrüsenvorfälle und -tumoren wurde diskutiert, eine Geschwulst dieser Art wurde unseres Erachtens in der Literatur noch nicht beschrieben.