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50 patients with ankylosing spondylitis without any peripheral arthritis are compared with 50 cases of ankylosing spondylitis complicated by arthritis of different kind. Radiological and clinical features were evaluated and assessed. HLA-DR4 typing was carried out. This antigen was found in 16% of 200 normal individuals, in 18% of all patients with ankylosing spondylitis confined to the spinal column, and in 54% of patients with only peripheral arthritis (wrist, finger, ankle, toe joints). The conclusion that HLA-DR4 represents nonspecific evidence for peripheral arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis is discussed.

Der Artikel entwickelt einen Katalog von elf wissenschaftlichen Gütekriterien für soziologische Forschungsarbeiten aus einer analytisch-empirischen Perspektive. Der Kriterienkatalog umfasst Qualitätsanforderungen an die Theorieentwicklung und die empirische Sozialforschung. Unterschieden werden zwei Basiskriterien, die den gesamten Forschungsprozess betreffen, neun Kernkriterien, die an einzelnen Etappen dieses Prozesses ansetzen, und eine Reihe von Unterkriterien, die der Spezifikation der Kernkriterien dienen. Die Entwicklung der Kriterien erfolgt entlang eines stilisierten Forschungsprozesses, wie er in der quantitativen Sozialforschung üblich ist. Gleichwohl wird der Versuch unternommen, die Kriterien so zu formulieren, dass diese für die qualitative Sozialforschung anschlussfähig sind. Der Beitrag hat zum Ziel, der soziologischen Forschungsgemeinschaft einen aus analytisch-empirischer Perspektive begründeten Referenzrahmen zur Verfügung zu stellen, der die Erarbeitung hochwertiger Forschung anleitet und die Beurteilung von Forschungsleistungen kriteriengeleitet unterstützt. From a perspective of analytical-empirical sociology, this contribution develops an inventory of eleven quality criteria for sociological science. This inventory encompasses standards for theory development as well as empirical social research. We distinguish two basic criteria, which pertain to the entire research process, nine core criteria, which refer to single stages of this process, and several sub-criteria, which specify the core criteria. The criteria are developed along a stylized research process which is common in quantitative social research. Nonetheless, the criteria are formulated in a way that makes them applicable to qualitative social research as well. Grounded in the analytical tradition of sociology, our paper seeks to provide the scientific community with a framework which may guide high-quality research and support the criteria-based review of research output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Often patient information in atopic eczema (AE) does not meet the criteria of evidence-based patient information. What are the information needs of affected patients?, Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze opinions and experiences of AE patients regarding their personal information needs., Methods: In all, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with AE based on an interview guide. Subsequently the audio-taped interviews were transcribed and analyzed using deductive-inductive methods. Standards of qualitative research were ensured using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ)., Results: In all, 21 persons participated in the 16 interviews, including patients and relatives. Gender ratio was 2 : 1 (female/male); age varied between 19 and 75 years. The interviews revealed a gap in care for patient information about AE. Especially the lack of time in the physician-patients encounter was criticized. Many of the affected felt left alone and forced to take a more active role in the search for information and therapy itself. Depending on stage and duration of the disease, some persons had the impression that their search for information was too time-consuming in relation to the possible benefits., Conclusion: Patients perceived their doctor to be the most important contact person during the information seeking process. Within our study group, feeling a lack of a caring contact person as well as a lack of knowledge often led to not complying with a standardized, guideline-orientated therapy and of self-treatment. Filling this care gap seems to be an important approach to optimized patient care., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

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Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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An important prerequisite for the success of the digitisation of the healthcare system are risk-literate users. Risk literacy means the ability to weigh potential benefits and harms of digital technologies and information, to use digital services critically, and to understand statistical evidence. How do people find reliable and comprehensible health information on the Internet? How can they better assess the quality of algorithmic decision systems? This narrative contribution describes two approaches that show how the competence to make informed decisions can be promoted.Evidence-based and reliable health information exists on the Internet but must be distinguished from a large amount of unreliable information. Various institutions in the German-speaking world have therefore provided guidance to help laypersons make informed decisions. The Harding Center for Risk Literacy in Potsdam, for example, has developed a decision tree ("fast-and-frugal tree"). When dealing with algorithms, natural frequency trees (NFTs) can help to assess the quality and fairness of an algorithmic decision system.Independent of reliable and comprehensible digital health services, further tools for laypersons to assess information and algorithms should be developed and provided. These tools can also be included in institutional training programmes for the promotion of digital literacy. This would be an important step towards the success of digitisation in prevention and health promotion.

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The article presents Christoph Antweiler's response to the 26 commentaries on his thematic article in this issue on the study of cultural universals. The author clarifies his aims not to establish a new universalism but rather to stimulate new approaches to research commonalities among cultures. Antweiler responds to the critiques according to an outlined scheme and defends his use of the concept of "culture."

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A critical reply is presented to the article "Musik – Einheit und Vielfalt ihrer kulturellen Ausprägung," by Rolf Oerter. The author discusses Oerter's thesis on the biological and evolutionary foundations of music. The author examines in particular the term "communication" and the evolutionary aesthetic.

A critical reply is presented to the article "Musik – Einheit und Vielfalt ihrer kulturellen Ausprägung," by Rolf Oerter. The author discusses Oerter's thesis on the biological and evolutionary foundations of music. The author also states that Oerter's use of research results is strangely selective, and there is no use of the research that came out of East Germany on the topic of musical evolution.