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Countertransference (CT) is now recognized as the most important tool in psychodynamic procedures. Despite extensive practical and theoretical research on the patient's interpersonal patterns reflected in the countertransference, little is known about the therapist's contribution to this phenomenon. A difficulty in studying this aspect is the recording of a phenomenon that many researchers unconsciously understand as ego-syntonic. So far, the topic has primarily been approached through case reports by clinically active authors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the empirical research on this subject, drawing on a systematic search of scientific databases. The systematic search was performed using the electronic databases PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed and PSYNDEX and finally included 10 publications in the analysis after title and abstract screening of 1037 studies. It became clear that the studies included vary significantly in their definitions of therapist contribution and countertransference as well as their attempts to measure them. To address the therapistʼs contribution in the context of countertransference events an extension of the concept of Hayes is proposed, which integrates therapist personality traits and attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics, and biographical experiences (subjective assessments versus objective information) to better capture the therapist's role in countertransference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective study was designed to shed light on the incidence and age-dependence of potentially bleeding pathologies in the upper gastrointestinal tract of asymptomatic patients scheduled for oral anticoagulant therapy. Gastroduodenoscopy was routinely performed during screening studies. The incidence of abnormalities was compared with gastroscopy findings of patients with epigastric symptoms. Only pathologies likely to bleed were considered. These included gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, esophageal varices, esophagitis, erosions, malformations and hemorrhages. Results: 18.23 % of the patients (n = 746) undergoing gastroscopy prior to scheduled oral anticoagulant therapy were found to present with abnormalities versus 18.44 % of those with epigastric symptoms (n = 1,627). In the group scheduled for oral anti-coagulant therapy, the rate of pathologies did not significantly increase with increasing age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]