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Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a high dose radiotherapy, the radiation dose is applicated one-time or in a few fractions exactly to the tumor or metastases under maximal separation from the normal tissue. Because of this a major expenditure of medical and technical efforts are necessary, a detailed description of the proceedings is following in the methodic part of this article. Indications of SBRT are especially medical irresectable lung tumors of early stages, primary liver/biliary tumors and pulmonary or liver metastases if there is an oncological benefit for the patients. The side effects are moderate, the local tumor control rate is between 78 to 100 %. Depending on the primary tumor the overall survival is prolonged statistically significant. In the Klinikum Krefeld indications of SBRT vs chemotherapy, LITT or resection are discussed by an interdisciplinary conference of gastroenterologists/oncologists, radiologists, radiooncologists and surgeons. An example of LITT will be shown also.

Intensive exercise affects digestion and absorption. Nevertheless, athletes involved in intensive endurance exercise are advised to ingest fluid and energy supplying nutrients, to compensate for the losses and to delay fatigue. The present review describes the effects of exercise on the gastrointestinal tract and the aspects which determine optimal fluid and nutrient delivery during exercise in different climatological and exercise conditions.

A review is presented about the morphological findings of malformations of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder.