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Background: To counteract the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines have been licensed since December 2020. Shortly after the start of the vaccination campaigns, occasional allergic reactions related to vaccines were described, thus, leading to concerns in many patients with a history of allergies. The aim of this work was to evaluate which anamnestic events represented a reason for an allergology work-up before COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, the results of the allergology diagnostics are described., Methods: We performed a retrospective data analysis of all patients who presented at the Center for Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery of the Helios University Hospital Wuppertal during the years 2021 and 2022 for allergology work-up prior to COVID-19 vaccination. Demographic data, allergological history, reason for the consultation in the clinic and results of allergology diagnostic tests including reactions after vaccination were included., Results: A total of 93 patients presented for allergology work-up with COVID-19 vaccines. In about half of the cases, the reasons for the presentation to the clinic were doubts and concerns about allergic reactions and side effects. In all, 26.9% (25/93) of the presented patients had not previously received a COVID-19 vaccine yet and 23.7% (22/93) of patients developed non-allergic reactions after prior COVID-19 vaccine (e.g., headache, chills, fever, malaise). Of the patients, 46.2% (43/93) were successfully vaccinated in the clinic due to a complex allergological history, while the remaining 53.8% (50/93) were subjected to outpatient vaccination in the vaccination practice. Only one patient with known chronic spontaneous urticaria developed a mild angioedema of the lips a few hours after vaccination; however, we do not consider this episode an allergic reaction to the vaccine due to the time delay., Conclusion: Allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccines are rare, but many patients with a positive medical history of allergies are concerned about allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccination. Thus, public work by practicing allergologists is important during vaccination campaigns to meet the concerns and fears of the population, especially of patients with allergies in their medical history., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

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The prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs is increasing. Currently, this affects more than 7% of the world population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and beta-lactam antibiotics (BLA) are by far the most common pharmaceutical preparations involved in hypersensitivity reactions to drugs. Misdiagnoses are frequent and BLA allergies present a danger that can lead to adverse health outcomes. Therefore, delabeling (exclusion of a suspected diagnosis) is paramount for those affected. Following the occurrence of uncomplicated maculopapular exanthemas, outpatient oral drug provocation can be safely considered in children without prior skin tests. Immediate perioperative reactions are rare. The approach to studying these complex reactions requires collaboration between allergologists and anesthesiologists to provide the best possible care for these patients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

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Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The environment is continuously subject to change. Exposures in the work environment and therefore the importance of occupational type I and type IV allergens may change., Objectives: The most important trends concerning occupational allergens, new occupational allergens/allergen exposures, the diagnostic procedure to detect new allergens in practice and regulatory developments are presented., Materials and Methods: Building on known relevant allergen exposures in occupational dermatology, published trends from clinical cohorts are evaluated and a systematic literature search (PubMed 2016-2021) for new occupational allergens is also performed RESULTS: Occupations with the highest incidence of occupational allergic contact urticaria and/or protein contact dermatitis include bakers, farmers and farm workers, veterinary technicians, veterinarians, cooks, dairy and livestock workers, gardeners, and hairdressers. The highest risk of developing occupational contact dermatitis is in health care, agriculture, metalworking occupations and machine operators, the food sector, service industries, and construction occupations. The search strategy "new occupational allerg*" yielded 603 hits and "novel occupational allerg*" 158 hits. A total of 25 papers included results relevant to the research question and were processed. New protein-based immediate-type allergens, as well as contact allergens (haptens) relevant for occupational dermatology, are presented., Conclusions: Current trends on known occupational allergens and new occupational allergens in the period 2016-2021 can be identified. Only a thorough individual workplace history and testing of patients' own materials can identify new allergens in occupational dermatology.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare severe and often life-threatening reactions of the skin and mucous membranes. They are considered as a single disease entity with different expressions of severity and are summarized under the term epidermal necrolysis (EN). There is a high risk of ocular involvement, which can lead to long-lasting eye problems and even blindness without immediate ophthalmological treatment. The acute occurrence, the unpredictable course and extreme variation in the manifestation of complications require an interdisciplinary approach. A rapid diagnosis of eye involvement and initiation of an intensive lubricating and anti-inflammatory surface treatment is of utmost importance for the long-term outcome. This article should help ophthalmologists to have a better understanding of this condition and therefore lead to substantial improvement in visual outcome and the quality of life of patients.

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Whipple's disease is a curious disorder with the involvement of many organ systems, primarily gut, synovium and the central nervous system, characterized by the presence of numerous proliferating bacteria in tissue macrophages and other cell types. While clinically this disease entity has previously been defined by the classical triad of diarrhoea, malabsorption and weight loss, some patients do not show these features. In this report, a clinically unusual case of Whipple's disease is described presenting with high persistent fever, severe arthralgias and headaches, but without malabsorption, diarrhoea or weight loss. Nevertheless, the histological and electron microscopical pictures demonstrated the typical findings of intracellular micro-organisms along with the presence of bacteria in Schwann nerve cells, which has only once been described previously. Immunological findings before treatment demonstrated a decrease of T cells with the helper/inducer phenotype, and a concomitant rise in cells with the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype, an elevation of 'activated' Ia positive T cells and a significant reduction of T cell mitogenic responsiveness. Of special interest, after a successful treatment these immunological abnormalities shifted to normal with the exception of a still elevated number of Ia T cells. The discussion of this unusual case of Whipple's disease includes - besides possible cellular immunological abnormalities - genetic factors, especially since this patient was HLA-B-27-positive as was his son who is suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a list of books and information resources related to linguistics.

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