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Hintergrund Das mobile (m) Health-Telemonitoring beschreibt eine Form der Telemedizin, bei der Smartphones, entsprechende mobile Apps und Sensoren zur Fernüberwachung von PatientInnen genutzt werden. Diese Technologie könnte besonders bei BewohnerInnen von Alters- und Pflegeeinrichtungen vorteilhaft sein. Aufgrund von Alter, Grunderkrankungen und eingeschränkter Mobilität sind diese BewohnerInnen gegenüber pulmonalen Infekten, inkl. COVID-19, besonders empfindlich. Ziel Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur Implementierung von mHealth Telemonitoring des kardiopulmonalen Systems bei BewohnerInnen von Alters- und Pflegeeinrichtungen. Studie Bei den BewohnerInnen werden über einen Zeitraum von 2 bis 12 Wochen mit den zur Verfügung gestellten digitalen Sensoren (Pulsoxymeter, Blutdruckmessgerät, Spirometer, Aktivitätstracker) tägliche Messungen durchgeführt. Aufgrund der erwarteten geringen digitalen Kenntnis der BewohnerInnen, wird das Pflegepersonal in die Messungen mit involviert und geschult. Bei Bedarf werden den BewohnerInnen Smartphones auf Leihbasis (eingelegt über Scheinaccounts) zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Akzeptanz des mHealth-Telemonitorings wird bei BewohnerInnen, Pflegepersonal und zuständigen Allgemein- bzw Fachärzten über eine Mixed-Methods Studie evaluiert, angelehnt an das Technologieakzeptanzmodell. Erwartete Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der mangelnden digitalen Kenntnisse können ProbandInnen Probleme im Umgang mit den digitalen Sensoren haben. Der geistige bzw. körperliche Gesundheitszustand kann eine Herausforderung darstellen. Die Pflegekräfte könnten aufgrund Arbeitsbelastung nicht in der Lage sein, eine ausreichende Unterstützung zu leisten. Das betreuende Medizinpersonal könnte es schwierig finden, die Telemedizin mit ihrer üblichen Versorgung zu verbinden, nicht zuletzt wegen eines aktuell unklaren Kostenerstattungsmodells. Durch Beobachtung und Lösung der Hürden, sowie durch die Mixed-Methods Untersuchung, wird ein Konzept zur Implementierung vom mHealth Telemonitoring des kardiopulmonalen Systems in Alters- und Pflegeeinrichtungen vorangebracht.

Stopping antidepressants can cause withdrawal (discontinuation) symptoms, the return of the original illness, and rebound. The latter means that the disease will return stronger, faster, or with greater likelihood than if it had not been treated with medication. The Psychiatry Working Group of the Drug Commission of the German Medical Association (AkdÄ) presents the scientific findings and provides practical recommendations for action. Withdrawal symptoms are multiform; unspecific physical symptoms are predominant. Distinguishing them from the recurrence of depressive symptoms can be difficult. Most of them are mild and self-limiting. There is insufficient evidence on the extent and frequency of rebound depression. The rebound risk implies that when establishing the medication, the short-term benefit must be weighed against the possible long-term risk of chronic depression or the possible need for long-term medication. Patients should be informed about the risk of withdrawal both as early as the joint decision-making process about treatment initiation and regularly during the course of treatment. Withdrawal should take place gradually, except in emergency situations, whereby small steps should be taken, especially in the low-dose range.Das Absetzen von Antidepressiva kann Absetzsymptome, die Wiederkehr der ursprünglichen Erkrankung und einen Rebound bewirken. Bei Letzterem kehrt die Erkrankung stärker, rascher oder mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit zurück, als wenn keine medikamentöse Behandlung erfolgt wäre. Absetzsymptome sind vielgestaltig; vorherrschend sind unspezifische körperliche Symptome. Ihre Abgrenzung von der Wiederkehr depressiver Symptome kann schwierig sein. Die Evidenz zu Ausmaß und Häufigkeit von Rebound-Depressionen ist unzureichend. Aufgrund des Rebound-Risikos muss bei der Indikationsstellung der kurzfristige Nutzen gegen die mögliche langfristige Gefahr einer Chronifizierung der Depression und gegen das eventuelle Erfordernis einer Dauermedikation abgewogen werden. Patienten sollten schon bei der gemeinsamen Entscheidung über eine Pharmakotherapie sowie regelmäßig im Behandlungsverlauf über die Absetzrisiken aufgeklärt werden. Ein Absetzen sollte außer in Notfallsituationen ausschleichend erfolgen, wobei insbesondere im Niedrigdosisbereich kleinschrittig reduziert werden sollte.

Artificial intelligence procedures will find special fields of application also in general and visceral surgery. These will not only be limited to intraoperative surgical applications but also extend to perioperative processes, education and training as well as to future scientific developments. Major impulses are to be expected in decision support systems, cognitive collaborative interventional environments and in evidence-based knowledge acquisition models; however, the implementation into the daily practice not only requires profound insights into the field of informatics and computer science but also a comprehensive knowledge of the surgical domain. Accordingly, the future implementation of artificial intelligence in surgery requires a new culture of collaboration between surgeons and researchers/computer scientists.

In this review article, the authors describe all relevant aspects of the new S2k guideline from the German Society of Urology (Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, DGU) for the diagnosis and treatment of IC/PBS (interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome). A list of necessary and optional examinations and the necessity of diagnosis of exclusion are summarized and evaluated. The treatment options listed (ranging from conservative, oral drug, and complementary medicine to interventional surgical procedures) also give the reader a good overview of the contents of the guideline and possible therapeutic approaches. Finally, the recommendations including consensus of the guideline group are also summarized in various information boxes.

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) after Jacobson has been used for migraine prophylaxis since the early 1970s. Migraine patients are assumed to have an enhanced autonomic arousal which can be counterbalanced by systematic relaxation. Relaxation techniques are thought to reduce the activation level, to alter cortical pain processing and to enhance activation in pain-reducing cortical structures in the periaqueductal grey matter. Meta-analyses could show PMR to be just as efficacious as pharmacological treatment options. A beneficial effect can only arise if regular daily exercises of 5-25 min are performed and the exercises are transferred into the daily routine. This review critically summarizes the empirical findings concerning the effects of PMR on migraine. A lack of recent research on this topic was determined. In a study by this group 50 migraine patients and 46 healthy controls were examined. It could be shown that in addition to the clinical efficacy on migraine frequency, changes in cortical information processing, measured by means of the evoked potential contingent negative variation (CNV) could also be determined. The initially increased CNV amplitude became normalized after regular PMR training in migraine patients. With the review of PMR studies on migraine prophylaxis and the results of our own study it could be shown that PMR is an efficacious non-pharmacological treatment option for migraine prophylaxis. In addition to its clinical effects, alterations in cortical stimulation processing in terms of a normalization of the CNV could be documented.Seit Anfang der 1970er-Jahre wird die progressive Muskelrelaxation (PMR) nach Jacobson in der Migräneprophylaxe eingesetzt. Hintergrund ist die Annahme, dass Migränepatienten eine erhöhte autonome Aktivierung aufweisen, der man mit systematischer Entspannung entgegensteuern kann. Entspannungsverfahren reduzieren neben dem Aktivierungsniveau auch die zentrale Schmerzverarbeitung, außerdem bewirken entspannende Strategien eine Aktivierung in schmerzhemmenden Strukturen im periaquäduktalen Grau. Metaanalysen zeigen, dass die PMR ebenso wirksam ist wie medikamentöse Verfahren. Ein guter Effekt stellt sich nur dann ein, wenn regelmäßig täglich mindestens 5–25 min geübt wird und ein Transfer der Übungen in den Alltag erfolgt. Diese Übersicht fasst die empirischen Belege für die Wirksamkeit von PMR bei Migräne kritisch zusammen. Es wird ein Mangel insbesondere an aktuellen Studien zur Thematik festgestellt. In einer eigenen Studie mit 50 Migränepatienten und 46 gesunden Kontrollen konnte neben der klinischen Wirksamkeit auch eine Änderung der kortikalen Aufmerksamkeitszuwendung bei der Messung der kontingenten negativen Variation („contingent negative variation“ [CNV]) nachgewiesen werden. Die zuvor erhöhte CNV-Amplitude normalisierte sich bei regelmäßiger Anwendung der PMR bei Migränepatienten. Mit der Übersicht über PMR-Studien zur Migräneprophylaxe und mit der eigenen Studie kann gezeigt werden, dass PMR ein effektives nichtmedikamentöses Verfahren zur Migräneprophylaxe ist und dass neben den klinischen Effekten auch nachweisbare Änderungen der kortikalen Reizverarbeitung im Sinne einer Normalisierung bewirkt werden können.

In clinical practice, there is a need for a more individualized selection of antidepressants and adequate dosage. The investigation of pharmacokinetically relevant genes is a promising approach to assist this selection. In the past 2 years, two commercially available tests have been subject of advertisement, a test from Stada, which analyses variants of the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 and a test from HMNC Brain Health, which analyses variants of the ABCB1 gene. The costs for both kits are not covered by the statutory health insurance and it is therefore proposed that the patients are invoiced directly in the form of individual healthcare payment. The companies claim that by applying the tests antidepressant treatment failure can be avoided and that patients will respond faster to the antidepressant used. These claims are not based on appropriate clinical trials, which are either lacking or reveal conflicting results. Hence, the routine use of these tests is not recommended. In accordance with the German S3 Guideline for unipolar depression, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of serum levels should be carried out in cases of non-response to an antidepressant with adequate dosage and duration. As a rule the costs for TDM are covered by the statutory health insurance. Cytochrome P450 genotyping is only indicated when the serum level is not within the expected range and other reasons to explain this discrepancy are excluded. Many laboratories provide these analyses and in individual cases the costs are reimbursed by the statutory health insurance. Further research should be carried out to investigate the importance of the ABCB1 gene for the treatment with antidepressants.

Ocular hypotension is a result of a lack of production or a loss of intraocular fluid. Intraocular inflammation, drugs, or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with overgrowth of the ciliary body can result in reduced secretion of intraocular fluid. Loss of intraocular fluid can result from external loss, such as in fistulating surgery or trauma, or internally, e.g. from cyclodialysis clefts or retinal detachment. In this review, we discuss the causal therapy of ocular hypotension: fixation of the ciliary body, removal of ciliary body membranes, surgery for PVR, choice of tamponade, possibilities and limitations of an iris diaphragm, and pharmacological options.

Hintergrund: Bei der Behandlung der Chorioretinopathia centralis serosa (CRCS) gibt es derzeit verschiedene Therapiestrategien. Die Laserkoagulation von, in der Fluoreszenzangiographie sichtbaren Quellpunkten ist eine Möglichkeit der Behandlung, in der Regel bei Patienten, bei denen sich weder [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 29. Jahrestagung der Retinologischen Gesellschaft

Facial palsy and vertigo, as symptoms of vestibular schwannoma (VS) or consequences of its therapy, have a significant impact on patients' quality of life.This review analyzed current literature on the topic and deduced recommendations for rehabilitation of facial palsy and vertigo.The present review describes a PubMed-based search of the literature of the past 10 years.There is no evidence-based drug therapy for the treatment of acute facial palsy after VS surgery. Several surgical procedures for facial nerve reconstruction, muscle transfer, and static techniques have been established. Physiotherapeutic movement therapy, optimally with biofeedback, seems to improve facial function in patients with post-paralytic syndrome. Botulinum toxin injections are the method of choice for synkinesis treatment. For treatment of acute and chronic vertigo in patients with VS, the same antivertiginous drugs as for other vertigo patients are used. If the patient shows retained vestibular stimulation function, preoperative intratympanic gentamycin therapy followed by compensation training is a promising approach to decreasing postoperative vertigo. Good vestibular rehabilitation comprises intensive and regular movement training, preferably with real-time feedback and therapy control.There are several conservative, surgical, or combined conservative-surgical treatment options for individualized facial nerve rehabilitation of VS patients, as confirmed by clinical studies. In cases of acute vertigo, standard antivertiginous pharmacotherapy is indicated. In cases of acute and also of chronic vertigo, intensive balance and movement training relieves complaints.

Suicidality represents a frequent phenomenon in affective and psychotic disorders but the treatment of acute and chronic suicidality is still a controversial issue. Especially the efficacy of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs for prevention of suicide continues to be debated. There is a lack of evidence due to limitations of methodological studies and ethical concerns are a major issue. Considering methodological problems in the conducted studies the often insufficiently valued differentiation between suicidal thoughts and actual suicidal behavior has to be emphasized. With the exception of lithium and clozapine suicide-preventing effects of antidepressants and neuroleptics could not yet be demonstrated. Regarding new antidepressant drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) even the possible new onset of suicidal thoughts and ideations as an adverse effect needs to be stressed. Considering the frequent occurrence of suicidality the currently available evidence is undoubtedly insufficient. The improvement of study concepts and especially a more differentiated consideration of the vague term "suicidality" seems to be essential. An underrepresentation of the evidence-based therapeutic options with lithium and clozapine in the treatment of suicidal patients needs to be avoided.

In January, 2014, the division "Social Medicine in Practice and Rehabilitation" of the German Society for Social Medicine and Prevention established a working group on the self-image of the physicians active in the field of social medicine (medical expertise and counseling).The result of this work is the contribution presented here after consensus was achieved by specialists of social medicine from different fields and institutions (social security etc.) and in good cooperation with Prof. Dr. Gostomzyk and Prof. Dr. Robra.Based on the importance of an up to date social medicine for claimants and recipients of benefits on the one hand and the social security system on the other, and also on a description of the subjects, objectives and methods the following aspects are presented: · The perspective of social medicine. · Qualification in social medicine, concerning specialist training and continuing medical education. · The fields of duty of experts in social medicine. · The proceedings in social medicine. The working group identified challenges for the specialists in social medicine by a narrowed perception of social medicine by physicians in hospitals and practice, accompanied by an enlarged importance of expertise in social medicine, by the demand for more "patient orientation" and gain of transparency, and concerning the scientific foundation of social medicine.The working group postulates: · The perspective of social medicine should be spread more widely.. · Confidence in experts of social medicine and their independency should be strengthened.. · The not case-related consulting of the staff and executives should be expanded.. · Social medicine in practice needs support by politics and society, and especially by research and teaching.. · Good cooperation and transfer of experiences of the different branches of social security are essential for the impact of social medicine..

Lithium and with restrictions, carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, olanzapine, aripiprazole and quetiapine, are approved in Germany for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Lithium is the only drug that (I) proved to be effective for the prevention of depressive as well as manic episodes in state-of-the-art studies without an enriched design and that (II) is approved for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders without restrictions. It (III) is also the only drug which is recommended for maintenance treatment by the current German S3 guidelines on bipolar disorders with the highest degree of recommendation (A) and (IV) is the only drug with a well proven suicide preventive effect. Hence, lithium is the mood stabilizer of first choice. No patient should be deprived of lithium without a specific reason. Side effects and risks are manageable if both the physician and the patient are well informed. Detailed and practical information on a safe use of lithium can be found in the S3 guidelines on bipolar disorders. For patients who do not respond sufficiently to lithium, have contraindications or non-tolerable side effects, other mood stabilizers should be used. Restrictions in their respective approval as well as specific side effects and risks have to be taken into account. Because maintenance treatment is a long-term treatment, particular concern should be paid to drugs with the potential risk of a metabolic syndrome, particularly atypical antipsychotics.

Primary headache disorders should be diagnosed based on the detailed history of the patient. However, only few questions are necessary to allocate the symptoms to migraine, tension-type headache or other primary headaches in most cases. The "Rostock Headache Questionnaire" (Rokoko) is suitable for being completed by the investigator or the patient him/herself within a few minutes. Validation parameters of a sample of n = 87 patients (median: 44 years), diagnosed by headache experts in a personal interview ("gold standard"), are presented. Sensitivity and specificity for migraine without aura (0.87/0.51), migraine with aura (0.71/0.95), tension-type headache (0.57/0.93), or a combination of both (0.22/0.93) are based on the parameters pain frequency (recurrent vs. permanent), and the presence or absence of aura symptoms. To differentiate tension-type headache into episodic or chronic forms, the questionnaire can be analysed individually based on the frequency of headache days. The questionnaire enables the fast acquisition of relevant data in headache diagnosis and headache research with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. In addition, further information about triggering and symptoms of headaches can be assessed. The questionnaire can be used both by neurologists or psychiatrists and by general practitioners. The questionnaire does not replace the physical examination.

This article reviews the cause and treatment options for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)-related tractional detachment and detachments in ROP residuals during childhood and early adulthood. Retinal vascularisation is incomplete after premature birth. Phase I of ROP consists of a delayed retinal vascular growth and vessel loss after premature birth resulting in hypoxia, phase II results in hypoxia-induced vascular proliferation and as a consequence to vitreoretinal traction. The anatomic and functional outcome of tractional detachment in ROP is determined by the previous treatment (e.g., laser to the avascular periphery or anti-VEGF). While the literature reports re-attachment rates70 % in ROP IV a, functional and anatomic outcome in the later stages is limited. ROP residuals may cause rhegmatogenous rather than tractional detachments in childhood or early adulthood. Myopia is associated with ROP and may further complicate the retinal situation and the risk for rhegmatogenous detachment. The retinal changes due to ROP warrant lifelong controls.

Antipsychotics, when used to treat neuropsychological symptoms associated with dementia, are associated with low effectiveness but a high risk of side effects. Some of these unwanted effects are severe and include an increased rate of cerebrovascular events and increased mortality. Although neuropsychiatric symptoms are frequently associated with dementia, it appears that antipsychotics are often used without clear indications and for too long time periods. Antipsychotics should be used only when all non-pharmacological strategies have failed. A clear definition of the treatment target in advance and a continuous monitoring of the therapy are mandatory.

Treatment of patients with suicidal behaviour is one of the most challenging tasks for health care professionals. Due to the high mortality, morbidity and costs related to suicide, the development of treatment and preventive strategies for suicidal behaviour have been a focus of psychiatric research. For lithium, one of the oldest pharmacological agents used in psychiatry, anti-suicidal effects have been found since the early 90s in many international studies. Despite this unambiguous evidence and corresponding recommendations in national and international guidelines for the acute and maintenance therapy of affective disorders, the use of lithium is still underrepresented. The following article provides a review of studies investigating the anti-suicidal effects of lithium in affective disorders. Clinical implications for the treatment of affective disorders are discussed.

The pathology of the posterior pole in high myopic eyes is characterised by scleral thinning and staphyloma associated with structural changes of the retina. Epiretinal membranes and epiretinal traction together with partial separation of the ILM result in myopic foveoschisis and posterior tractional detachment with myopic macular holes. Foveal detachment and retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes may resolve after vitrectomy with ILM peeling: however, there is a considerable risk for the development of macular hole formation. Skleral buckling surgery is currently regaining interest and allows one to reduce the tractional forces in selected cases. While reading visual acuity is usually not regained after macular hole development, prophylactic measures should be considered for the fellow eye. Vitreous surgery might have a rationale as prophylactic treatment for highly myopic eyes at high risk of macular hole development; however, this needs to be weighed against possible surgical complications.

Known comorbidities for migraine are affective disorders. Only few studies exist which explore migraine as comorbidity in a given diagnosis. The aim of our study is to determine the frequency of the comorbidity "migraine" subject to a given diagnosis. Out of 2562 observations comorbidity "migraine" was diagnosed with a frequency of 16.2 % when an affective disorder was diagnosed. In multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, migraine as comorbidity was diagnosed in 15 % and 9.6 %, respectively. Migraine in patients with Parkinson's disease is rare. The correlation between affective disorders and epilepsies is known, but the high frequency of migraine in multiple sclerosis should be taken into account when diagnosing central demyelinating disorders.

Giant retinal tears with possible tear inversion are a special group of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. A good knowledge of the pathogenesis and surgical specifics is very important for the retinal surgeon to achieve the best anatomic results with a low PVR rate. The technical progress that was made since the 1960 s obviously led to better results in the therapy for giant retinal tears. To avoid a giant retinal tear of the second eye, a prophylactic treatment has to be discussed with the patient.

Since their original description ten years ago, antibodies against citrullinated peptide antigens (ACPA) have become increasingly important in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are now considered superior to the rheumatoid factor because they can be detected earlier in the course of the disease and are more specific while showing a comparable sensitivity. However, they seem to be less suitable for monitoring specific responses to therapies and for predicting extra-articular manifestations as well as disease activity. Recent research activities center around using ACPA to further elucidate the pathogenesis of RA.