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Abstract Background Nine male and eight female calves born to a Normande artificial insemination bull named “Ly” were referred to the French National Observatory of Bovine Abnormalities for multiple fractures, shortened gestation, and stillbirth or perinatal mortality. Results Using Illumina BovineSNP50 array genotypes from affected calves and 84 half-sib controls, the associated locus was mapped to a 6.5-Mb interval on chromosome 19, assuming autosomal inheritance with germline mosaicism. Subsequent comparison of the whole-genome sequences of one case and 5116 control genomes, followed by genotyping in the affected pedigree, identified a de novo missense substitution within the NC1 domain of the COL1A1 gene (Chr19 g.36,473,965G > A; p.D1412N) as unique candidate variant. Interestingly, the affected residue was completely conserved among 243 vertebrate orthologs, and the same substitution in humans has been reported to cause type II osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a connective tissue disorder that is characterized primarily by bone deformity and fragility. Moreover, three COL1A1 mutations have been described to cause the same syndrome in cattle. Necropsy, computed tomography, radiology, and histology confirmed the diagnosis of type II OI, further supporting the causality of this variant. In addition, a detailed analysis of gestation length and perinatal mortality in 1387 offspring of Ly and more than 160,000 progeny of 63 control bulls allowed us to statistically confirm in a large pedigree the association between type II OI and preterm delivery, which is probably due to premature rupture of fetal membranes and has been reported in several isolated cases of type II OI in humans and cattle. Finally, analysis of perinatal mortality rates and segregation distortion supported a low level of germ cell mosaicism in Ly, with an estimate of 4.5% to 7.7% of mutant sperm and thus 63 to 107 affected calves born. These numbers contrast with the 17 cases reported and raise concerns about the underreporting of congenital defects to heredo-surveillance platforms, even for textbook genetic syndromes. Conclusions In conclusion, we describe a large animal model for a recurrent substitution in COL1A1 that is responsible for type II OI in humans. More generally, this study highlights the utility of such datasets and large half-sib families available in livestock species to characterize sporadic genetic defects.

Abstract Background In the current context of climate change, livestock production faces many challenges to improve the sustainability of systems. Dairy farming, in particular, must find ways to select animals that will be able to achieve sufficient overall production while maintaining their reproductive ability in environments with increasing temperatures. With future forecasted climate conditions in mind, this study used data from Holstein and Montbeliarde dairy cattle to: (1) estimate the genetic-by-temperature-humidity index (THI) interactions for female fertility, and (2) evaluate the production-fertility trade-off with increasing values of THI. Results Two-trait random regression models were fitted for conception rate (fertility) and test-day protein yield (production). For fertility, genetic correlations between different THI values were generally above 0.75, suggesting weak genotype-by-THI interactions for conception rate in both breeds. However, the genetic correlations between the conception rate breeding values at the current average THI (THI = 50, corresponding to a 24-h average temperature of 8 °C at 50% relative humidity) and their slopes (i.e., potential reranking) for heat stress scenarios (THI > 70), were different for each breed. For Montbeliarde, this correlation tended to be positive (i.e., overall the best reproducers are less affected by heat stress), whereas for Holstein it was approximately zero. Finally, our results indicated a weak antagonism between production and fertility, although for Montbeliarde this antagonism intensified with increasing THI. Conclusions Within the range of weather conditions studied, increasing temperatures are not expected to exacerbate the fertility-production trade-off. However, our results indicated that the animals with the best breeding values for production today will be the most affected by temperature increases, both in terms of fertility and production. Nonetheless, these animals should remain among the most productive ones during heat waves. For Montbeliarde, the current selection program for fertility seems to be adequate for ensuring the adaptation of fertility traits to temperature increases, without adverse effects on production. Such a conclusion cannot be drawn for Holstein. In the future, the incorporation of a heat tolerance index into dairy cattle breeding programs would be valuable to promote the selection of animals adapted to future climate conditions.

Résumé : C’est dans le but de démontrer l’influence des écrits crawl sur les téléspectateurs/lecteurs que cette étude portant notamment sur la CRTV (Cameroun-Radio-Télévision), Canal 2 International, STV, Équinoxe, Afrique Média, Vision 4, et LTM TV a été menée. Le message crawl, calqué sur les réalités sociales a, du point de vue sémiotique, des effets évaluables tant positivement que négativement sur les téléspectateurs. En sus de faciliter l’accès à l’information qu’elle soit journalistique ou publicitaire, cette information qui défile à l’écran participe au projet de vulgarisation efficient des organisations sociopolitiques et médiatiques. Cet article tente de répondre à la question des effets à réception du crawl sur le téléspectateur/lecteur. Par cette introduction dans le champ de la réception médiatique, des stratégies discursives mieux, sémiotiques sont explorées pour aboutir à des postures interprétatives qui, au-delà du décodage linguistique, témoignent d’une implication plus personnelle du récepteur. L’approche quantitative utilisée dans le cadre de cette étude a contribué à faire ressortir des comportements ou attitudes téléspectatoriels à la lecture des messages crawl. Mots-clés : Effets ; crawl ; téléspectateurs/lecteurs ; réception ; lecture ; média.

Excavations in a series of superimposed Iron Age II collective buildings located at Masafi (Fujairah, UAE) by the French Archaeological Mission in the UAE allowed the discovery of two deposits of copper-base metal items buried in two jars. Copper smelting played a major role in the economy and the society of the region and consistent evidence suggest that it also had a symbolic importance. A summary of the archaeometallurgical study of the items discovered at Masafi is presented here and the context of the two deposits is discussed, in order to reconstruct the nature of these two hoards and the function of the buildings.

Abstract - Using fallacious argumentative means, such as the antistréphon, causes dilemmas and leads the judge to not decide and therefore to postpone the trial, thus avoiding an injustice verdict. Noctes Atticae by Gellius contains an example (5.10.1-16). In another passage (12.7.1-7) the dilemma and the deferment of the trial are determined by the same facts advanced in the judgment. By both Gellian passages, postponing the judgement is a substantial non liquet but with the function of preventing an injustice.

Abstract Background Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of painful and life-threatening genetic disorders that are characterized by mechanically induced blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Congenital skin fragility resembling EB was recently reported in three Charolais calves born in two distinct herds from unaffected parents. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were carried out to describe this condition and its molecular etiology. Results Genealogical, pathological and histological investigations confirmed the diagnosis of recessive EB. However, the affected calves showed milder clinical signs compared to another form of EB, which was previously reported in the same breed and is caused by a homozygous deletion of the ITGB4 gene. Homozygosity mapping followed by analysis of the whole-genome sequences of two cases and 5031 control individuals enabled us to prioritize a splice donor site of ITGA6 (c.2160 + 1G > T; Chr2 g.24112740C > A) as the most compelling candidate variant. This substitution showed a perfect genotype–phenotype correlation in the two affected pedigrees and was found to segregate only in Charolais, and at a very low frequency (f = 1.6 × 10−4) after genotyping 186,154 animals from 15 breeds. Finally, RT-PCR analyses revealed increased retention of introns 14 and 15 of the ITGA6 gene in a heterozygous mutant cow compared with a matched control. The mutant mRNA is predicted to cause a frameshift (ITGA6 p.I657Mfs1) that affects the assembly of the integrin α6β4 dimer and its correct anchoring to the cell membrane. This dimer is a key component of the hemidesmosome anchoring complex, which ensures the attachment of basal epithelial cells to the basal membrane. Based on these elements, we arrived at a diagnosis of junctional EB. Conclusions We report a rare example of partial phenocopies observed in the same breed and due to mutations that affect two members of the same protein dimer, and provide the first evidence of an ITGA6 mutation that causes EB in livestock species.

A study of changes in oxygen transfer through micro-agglomerated corks was carried out over 24 months under controlled storage conditions (Chanut et al., 2023a). This work demonstrated that the glass/cork interface can represent a major entry route for oxygen into wine bottles. It also showed that there is no difference in oxygen transfer at 20°C between bottles stored horizontally and vertically. However, high storage temperature greatly increases oxygen transfer at the interface between the cork and the bottleneck.

Abstract Background Heat stress negatively influences cattle welfare, health and productivity. To cope with the forecasted increases in temperature and heat waves frequency, identifying high-producing animals that are tolerant to heat is of capital importance to maintain milk production. This study, based on the joint analysis of on-farm performance and weather data, had two objectives: (1) to determine the response in production performances (milk, fat and protein yields, fat and protein contents) and udder health (somatic cell score) to temperature-humidity index (THI) variations in Montbeliarde cows, and (2) to estimate the interactions between genotype and THI, to enable the identification of the most adapted animals for facing the expected increases in temperature. Results Test-day records from first and second lactations from 2016 to 2020 were associated with the average THI during the three days before the test-day record. In total, 446,717 test-day records from 55,650 cows in first lactation and 457,516 test-day records from 58,229 cows in second lactation were analysed. The optimal THI was below 55 (i.e. ~ 12–13 °C) for all traits. Individual responses to THI were estimated by random regression models, which also included individual responses to days in milk. Regardless of the stage of lactation, genetic correlations along the THI gradient were above 0.80, which suggests that genotype-by-THI interactions were weak for production and udder health traits. Nevertheless, a variability in the individual slope of decay could be highlighted at high THI. The genetic correlation between production level at moderate THI and the slope at high THI was negative, while for somatic cell score, it was positive, indicating that heat stress amplifies the susceptibility to mastitis. Conclusions The optimal THI for French Montbeliarde cows is below 55 for production and udder health traits. Genetic-by-THI interactions are weak in French Montbeliarde cows for production and udder health traits, but not all animals react in the same way to high temperatures. Even if there is little room for improvement, using a heat tolerance index in cattle selection would be relevant to anticipate the expected increases in temperature. Further investigations are needed to interpret this variability on production traits. However, the current selection for mastitis resistance seems appropriate to adapt cattle to rising temperatures.

In 1998, Felix Mitterer wrote the screenplay for the film Krambambuli, an adaptation of Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach’s story that has become a classic of Austrian literature, but also of German-language cinema. Indeed, four adaptations of this text from the end of the 19th century preceded the 1998 version, directed by Xaver Schwarzenberger. The aim of the contribution is to analyse this film by situating it in relation to the literary source, but also to the adaptations that preceded it, which are associated with the Heimatfilm. The Mitterer/Schwarzenberger film renews this tradition, opting for a clear reference to the Western genre, while going beyond it by giving an important place to the female characters, who are generally in the background in this type of film and very secondary in Ebner-Eschenbach’s story.

L’automatisation, même partielle, des procédures de contrôle non-destructif des structures dans le domaine du génie civil présente de nombreux avantages. Parmi ses avantages, on peut citer une plus grande répétabilité des mesures, une diminution des erreurs liée au facteur humain ainsi que la réduction du risque de compromettre la sécurité des personnes. Cette étude explore le concept et le développement du projet UACIS (Uncrewed Aerial Concrete Inspection System), en particulier l’intégration d’un système de mesure Impact Echo. Le projet UACIS consiste à embarquer différentes méthodes de CND par ultrasons via des charges utile interchangeable sur un drone à hélice dans le but de faciliter l’inspection de structure en béton. En particulier, UACIS a pour but de faciliter l’inspection de zones en hauteur dont l’accès s’avère dangereux et difficile. Le drone utilisé dans cette étude est un robot commercial développé par ©Voliro Airbone Robotics qui a été conçu spécifiquement pour permettre un contact physique, en cours de vol, entre le système de mesure embarqué et la structure inspectée. Un système d’inspection Impact Echo, comprenant une sonde piézoélectrique et un élément de frappe solénoïde, a été intègre au drone. Cette méthode est communément utilisée pour l’inspection de structure en béton. L’élément de frappe permet de générer des ondes acoustiques dans le matériau, les ondes sont ensuite captées par la sonde piézoélectrique puis converties en signal A-scan et spectre de fréquence. L’analyse du spectre de fréquence et la connaissance de la vitesse des ondes dans le matériau permettent de caractériser la structure. Les différentes contraintes liées à l’intégration du CND impact écho au drone ainsi que les premiers résultats et mesures effectués seront présenter. Parmi les sujets abordés seront notamment les restrictions en matière de poids et de dimensions, la communication entre les différentes interfaces, la mise en place d’un transfert de données sans fil en temps réel entre le système CND/drone et l'interface utilisateur au sol, l’actionnement à distance de l’élément de frappe et de la sonde, les stratégies d'atténuation du bruit et de traitement du signal.

Este artigo visa discutir as leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/08 como parte das políticas afirmativas e de combate aos preconceitos instaurados desde o período colonial. Trazemos à tona as possibilidades da proposta interdisciplinar das temáticas africanas e afro-brasileiras e seus desdobramentos a partir do ensino de história em interface com a música/arte. Tais determinações são basilares para a promoção do ensino decolonial no Brasil, possibilitando a dinamização dos estudos e reflexões nos mais variados espaços, para se pensar os preconceitos, as imagens romantizadas e folclóricas da “miscigenação” brasileira como um mito, os racismos estruturais e institucionais que permanecem presentes em espaços públicos como, Escolas, Universidades, Igrejas e para além deles. Visto que a própria construção histórica brasileira permitiu e influenciou na demonização das religiões de matrizes africanas, na normatização da escravização dos africanos, das violências e mazelas sofridas no decorrer da colonização do Brasil e da segregação pós abolição no país.

Este artigo tem como objetivo dialogar acerca da manutenção ou não do uso do termo sincretismo religioso nas sociedades multiculturais e plurais contemporâneas, levando em consideração neste processo as implicações dos prós e contras que envolvem a utilização dele para o trato com as religiões afro-brasileiras. Neste aspecto, através de pesquisa documental realizada a partir da leitura de livros e textos, dialoga-se sobre os modelos de estados multiculturais e dentro deles faz-se o debate ao redor do pluralismo, especificamente o pluralismo religioso. Neste aspecto, os resultados, analisados numa perspectiva democrática, de respeito às diferenças e pós-colonial identitária de resistência em relação às religiões afro-brasileiras, conduzem à defesa da substituição do termo sincrético pelo de híbrido nos moldes defendidos por Stuart Hall em seu modelo de multiculturalismo crítico.

The scope of this article is to discuss the main components of the social structures which characterized the “Celtic” and the “Dacian” cultural and chronological horizons, and to identify, on the basis of the available archaeological evidence, the means and practices through which social hierarchy and competition was expressed within the communities of each horizon. The rural society specific to the “Celtic” horizon was largely heterarchic, whereas the “Dacian” horizon was characterized by a hierarchic social organization. The differences between these two horizons can be observed in the funerary practices, the organization of the landscape, and the range of visual symbols used in the expression of social status and power by the local elites.

Deve-se a Aristóteles a distinção e a elaboração mais precisas dos conceitos de teoria e prática. Ele fez da filosofia um conhecimento teórico, cunhando a noção de teoria como conhecimento especulativo das realidades dadas no mundo. Entretanto, esta teoria já não é mais contemplação das Ideias, mas sim das realidades essenciais e universais, provenientes de uma abstração intelectual da natureza. O conhecimento teórico se volta à natureza das coisas para observar suas causas e desdobramentos. Ao lado da teoria e em oposição a ela, desenvolve a noção de prática (praxis). De modo geral, pode-se dizer que a praxis domina tudo aquilo que é operável pelo homem, isto é, diz respeito à ação propriamente humana enquanto imanente e voluntária. Embora teoria e prática na maioria das vezes se apresentem como completamente opostas e independentes, é possível constatar que o sistema aristotélico pressupõe certo grau de coerência envolvendo alguns conceitos-chave de sua filosofia. Neste sentido, o objetivo central deste seminário consiste em investigar os modos pelos quais é possível pensar a relação entre saber teórico e saber prático na filosofia de Aristóteles, levando em consideração trechos de duas de suas principais obras de maturidade, quais sejam, Metafísica e Ética a Nicômaco.

Résumé : C’est dans le but de démontrer l’influence des écrits crawl sur les téléspectateurs/lecteurs que cette étude portant notamment sur la CRTV (Cameroun-Radio-Télévision), Canal 2 International, STV, Équinoxe, Afrique Média, Vision 4, et LTM TV a été menée. Le message crawl, calqué sur les réalités sociales a, du point de vue sémiotique, des effets évaluables tant positivement que négativement sur les téléspectateurs. En sus de faciliter l’accès à l’information qu’elle soit journalistique ou publicitaire, cette information qui défile à l’écran participe au projet de vulgarisation efficient des organisations sociopolitiques et médiatiques. Cet article tente de répondre à la question des effets à réception du crawl sur le téléspectateur/lecteur. Par cette introduction dans le champ de la réception médiatique, des stratégies discursives mieux, sémiotiques sont explorées pour aboutir à des postures interprétatives qui, au-delà du décodage linguistique, témoignent d’une implication plus personnelle du récepteur. L’approche quantitative utilisée dans le cadre de cette étude a contribué à faire ressortir des comportements ou attitudes téléspectatoriels à la lecture des messages crawl. Mots-clés : Effets ; crawl ; téléspectateurs/lecteurs ; réception ; lecture ; média.

In fifty years of publication, the academic journal Recherches germaniques has featured a wide variety of German-language writers: classical authors (especially Goethe), Romantic authors, and Modernist authors, but also contemporary writers from the FRG, the GDR, Austria, and Switzerland. The diversity of the contributions reflects the diversity of the contributors, even if certain names have recurred over the years. In the varia, as well as in the special issues, detailed textual analyses are presented side by side with approaches at the intersection of literature and other fields of the humanities, such as sociology, anthropology, philosophy... Recherches germaniques, a journal on literature, is also a journal of literature, since until the 1990s it edited previously unpublished literary works.

The paper reviews the guidelines of the journal Recherches germaniques since its foundation in 1971, in terms of editorial line, the Franco-German comparative perspective, the peculiar place given to Alsace, and the target readership, which ranges from academia to Germanophile readers. The contribution also mentions the significant evolutions of recent years: the increasing internationalization of the journal since the 2000s, combined with integration on the OpenEdition journals platform in 2019, the regularity of special issues since 2014, the inclusion of thematic dossiers in the Varia since 2009 and of a review section in 2021, the regular contribution of young authors and, finally, the indexing of the journal in numerous national and international databases, as well as the attribution of certifications such as the DOAJ, which are seals of quality.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the state of Romania's sustainable development using statistical indicators (green investments, employment rate, GDP expenditure on research, development, and innovation, greenhouse gas emissions, share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption, early school leavers, tertiary educational attainment, and people at risk of poverty or social exclusion). The method used in this research work is bibliographical and statistical research. The topic of sustainability has experienced a new upswing. Society demands sustainable business from companies and wants transparent information in return. The importance of sustainable action is also reflected in investment decisions: the classic financial key figures are no longer the exclusive reason for an investment. Rather, non-financial indicators are expected to provide further information about the long-term value of a company. In 2014, EU member states adopted a directive to expand the reporting of large capital market-oriented companies, credit institutions, financial services institutions and insurance companies. Since 2017, this Nonfinancial Information (NFI) Directive has been mandatory for capital market-oriented companies in Austria within the framework of the Sustainability and Diversity Improvement Act (NaDiVeG). In concrete terms, this means that capital market-oriented companies must publish a non-financial statement or a separate non-financial report in addition to the management report. The number of companies generating and providing non-financial information to interested users is steadily increasing around the world, while the quality of disclosure of such information is increasing. Year by year, as evidenced by numerous studies and stakeholder surveys. In Romania, green initiatives have resulted in an increase in the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption, a decrease in school dropouts, and an increase in the number of students enrolled in bachelor's degree programs.

BioWare’s Dragon Age series has often been cited as an example for meieval fantasy games being inclusive of women despite their medieval worlds. This article, in contrast, argues that the kingdom of Ferelden constructed by the game is based on the idea of the Middle Ages as an era where any form of female rule is deemed impossible or at least a sign of a deep crisis. This becomes clear through both the remarks made by the developers and authors about the ideas behind the construction of these medieval worlds and the analysis of Queen Anora’s female rule (or the lack thereof). Furthermore, the article compares the construction of nobility, restricted female rule, and queerness in Ferelden as a fictional medieval-inspired kingdom and the Empire of Orlais inspired by the early modern world.

En este análisis se presenta un estudio léxico de las dos traducciones lituanas de la obra de Molière Tartufo o el impostor. El análisis de sus diferencias ayuda a revelar las tradiciones traductoras, así como las dinámicas culturales y lingüísticas del siglo XX, y llama la atención sobre los diversos destinatarios de ambas traducciones, sus expectativas lingüísticas y culturales tanto a principios como a finales del siglo XX. En este artículo se pretende analizar la distribución léxica y el empleo contextual del léxico en el corpus de las dos traducciones lituanas del Tartufo de Molière, y revelar la dinámica de las prácticas traductoras que vienen determinadas por los diversos contextos lingüísticos, históricos y socioculturales del siglo XX en Lituania. La autora emplea los métodos cuantitativo, descriptivo, comparativo y de la lingüística de corpus, lo cual permite analizar las traducciones digitalizadas para obtener datos objetivos y revelar los beneficios de la lingüística de corpus en los estudios traductológicos.

The recent advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has allowed exploring the contribution of thousands of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, or proteomic variants to complex phenotypic traits. Here, we sought to conduct large-scale (Epi)Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS/EWAS) to investigate the associations between genomic (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; SNP) and epigenomic (Cytosine-Phospho-Guanine; CpG) markers, with multiple phenotypic traits in a population-based context. We used data from SKIPOGH, a family- and population-based cohort conducted in the cities of Lausanne, Geneva, and Bern (N=1100). We used 7,577,572 SNPs, 420,444 CpGs, and 825 phenotypes, including anthropometric, clinical, blood, urine, metabolite, and metal measures. GWAS analyses assessed the associations between SNPs and metabolites and metals (N=279), using regression models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center, and familial structure, whereas EWAS analyses explored the relations between CpGs and 825 phenotypes, additionally adjusting for the seasonality of blood sampling and technical nuisance. Following the implementation of GWAS and EWAS analyses, we developed a web-based platform, PhenoExplorer, aimed at providing an open access to the obtained results. Of the 279 phenotypes included in GWAS, 103 displayed significant associations with 2804 SNPs (2091 unique SNPs) at Bonferroni threshold, whereas 109 of the 825 phenotypes included in EWAS analyses were associated with 4893 CpGs (2578 unique CpGs). All of the obtained GWAS and EWAS results were eventually made available using the in-house built web-based PhenoExplorer platform, with the purpose of providing an open-access to the tested associations. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive outline of GWAS and EWAS associations performed in a Swiss population-based study. Further, we set up a web-based PhenoExplorer platform with the purpose of contributing to the overall understanding of the role of molecular variants in regulating complex phenotypes.

The process of transition from the unipolar world order, with the centre of power in Washington, to the multipolar one – with several centres of power, was determined by the emergence of some states, which assert themselves as new geopolitical poles in the architecture of world security. They are China, which is the main economic challenge to the USA, Russia, which, although it fails to assert itself as an economic power, is a military power, due to the potential of nuclear weapons that it still has since the Cold War, but also due to developments in the field of other modern weapons. In the future, we can expect the assertion of other states as poles of power: India, Iran, Brazil, the The Republic of South Africa, etc. The evolution of Turkey is interesting: although it is a member of NATO (an organization in which the USA has a hard word in the decision-making structure), it tries to assert itself as a pole of power in the Islamic space (concerning the Arab world) and in the Turkish world (from Azerbaijan to Middle Asia).

Today, the production of food accounts for roughly one quarter of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Since the 1970s, thanks to substantial research and development, the overall yield output in farm fields has increased by ca. 60%, while the net use of crop protection agents per square meter of farm field has been reduced by more than 90%. The development of modern crop protection agents remains an important need as new pests, diseases and weeds continue to affect crops. The vast majority of these effective solutions are manufactured using raw materials that ultimately come from fossil resources. In this article, we are touring within the agrochemical landscape to provide the reader with an overview of concrete examples on how in this industrial field, renewable and sustainable raw materials have been used to produce active ingredients. We are also discussing the opportunities for future development as well as some of the challenges and needs that are emerging.

Le Tribunal fédéral a rendu récemment deux arrêts dans des affaires concernant l'entreprise numérique Uber. Il s'agissait de déterminer si les prestataires de la plateforme devaient être qualifiés de travailleurs salariés ou d'indépendants. La Haute cour a tranché en faveur de la première possibilité, dans la lignée des évolutions jurisprudentielles actuelles. La présente contribution tente de tirer les conséquences de la clarification désormais apportée, en s'interrogeant plus largement sur le cadre méthodologique le plus adéquat pour la recherche des critères du contrat du travail et sur le choix de tels critères, en droit positif. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que le mixte pragmatique actuellement mis en œuvre par la jurisprudence a vocation à produire ses effets dans le cadre de l'économie numérique, et nous proposons une définition conceptuelle du droit du travail comme le droit visant à protéger les personnes qui mettent leur force de travail à disposition de l'entreprise d'autrui dans des circonstances où diverses protections doivent, selon la conception sociale qui a cours, leur être accordées. -- Das Bundesgericht fällte kürzlich zwei Urteile in Fällen rund um das digitale Unternehmen Uber. Dabei ging es um die Frage, ob die über die Plattform vermittelten Fahrerinnen und Fahrer als Arbeitnehmende oder als Selbstständige einzustufen sind. Das Gericht entschied zugunsten der ersten Variante und folgte damit den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Rechtsprechung. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, die Konsequenzen aus der nunmehr erfolgten Klärung zu ziehen, indem er sich eingehender mit der Frage befasst, welcher methodische Rahmen für die Suche nach den Kriterien des Arbeitsvertrags und die Wahl solcher Kriterien im positiven Recht am besten geeignet ist. Wir kommen zum Schluss, dass die pragmatische Mischung, die derzeit von der Rechtsprechung angewandt wird, auch im Rahmen der digitalen Wirtschaft Wirkung zeigen wird, und schlagen eine konzeptionelle Definition des Arbeitsrechts als Recht zum Schutz von Personen vor, die ihre Arbeitskraft einem Unternehmen unter Umständen zur Verfügung stellen, unter denen ihnen nach der herrschenden gesellschaftlichen Auffassung verschiedene Schutzmechanismen gewährt werden müssen.

Mithilfe der Verfahren des Embryo-Splittings werden unter Laborbedingungen aus einem Embryo mehrere, genetisch identische Embryonen gewonnen. Gegenwärtig wird in Fachbeiträgen debattiert, die in der Nutztierzucht etablierten Verfahren auf die humane Reproduktionsmedizin auszuweiten. Eine solche Anwendung wird derzeit flächendeckend als reproduktives Klonen verstanden und ist in allen Staaten per Gesetz oder Richtlinie untersagt. Bei der Prüfung ausgewählter Einwände gegen die prinzipielle Zulässigkeit einer Anwendung des Embryo-Splittings als assistierter Reproduktionstechnologie zeigt sich, dass sich die Einwände gegen das reproduktive Klonen nicht auf den Fall des Splittings übertragen lassen. Insbesondere liegt dem Splitting nicht die ‚narzisstische‘ Replikation des Genoms einer bereits lebenden Person zugrunde. Die Gleichsetzung mit anderen Formen des reproduktiven Klonens verdeckt darüber hinaus eigene regulative Fragen zum Umgang mit gesplitteten Embryonen, die hinsichtlich einer potenziellen klinischen Anwendung adressiert werden müssen. Schließlich wird deutlich, dass die Maßgabe, Embryonen zu schützen, bisher einseitig als ausreichender Grund für eine restriktive Regulierung des Splittings herangezogen wurde. Diese Argumentation erweist sich in einer pluralistischen Gesellschaft jedoch als unzureichend.

The article overviews the Lithuanian language of returning emigrant children. It is based on the project “Linguistic Integration of Returning Emigrant Children: Proficiency in Lithuanian and its Development” (RCL Agreement No. S-REP-21-1), implemented in 2021–2022. The data were selected from two Lithuanian language children’s corpora (returning emigrant children (KG) and permanently residing in Lithuania children (KL)) collected during the project at eight Lithuanian schools. The corpora consist of the Lithuanian language production by children aged 8–12 who returned to Lithuania from English-speaking countries 1–2 years ago and by their peers in Lithuania. The article aims to identify differences in the linguistic expression of KG and KL by comparing the word frequency lists and overviewing verb, noun, and adjective. The quantitative findings show no significant differences in the use of the selected parts of speech. The results suggest that according to the available language skills and competences, the returning emigrant children can communicate on everyday topics quite freely, and their linguistic expression is similar to the language of their peers in Lithuania.

Through the analysis of a few examples from German-language literature, this paper proposes to deconstruct the notion of anthropomorphism (applied to animals), with the aim of rehabilitating it for critical use. To do so, it relies on theoretical approaches derived from two fields of research: the anthropology of nature and New Materialism. First, this paper argues that the thesis of ontological pluralism, as formulated by Philippe Descola, can enable a critical use of the notion of anthropomorphism in literary and cultural studies, while it takes on a different meaning when viewed within the framework of a non-naturalistic ontology such as analogism, and even loses all relevance within the framework of an ontology of nature such as animism. Then it shows how the notion of form (morphḗ) has been developed by Goethe so as to transform anthropomorphism into a questioning tool, before emphasizing, through the analysis of Friedrich Dürrenmatt’s Minotaurus, how difficult it is to escape anthropomorphism within the framework of naturalism. Finally, the paper shows, through reference to some of Kafka’s stories, that the anthropos and the subject/object relationship implied in anthropomorphism have been radically deconstructed by New Materialism, leading to a complete redefinition of the notion.

The present study brings to the foreground of discussions a certain type of artifacts, the importance of which in the process of analyzing archaeological finds is difficult to overestimate, but which, unfortunately, was not used by the researchers to the proper extent. Thus, in the archaeological literature there is no single work on the Iron Age fibulae that were discovered on the present-day territory of the Republic of Moldova. Moreover, even when some specimens were introduced into scientific circulation, their publication was very short, often without a clear and precise presentation of the context, and the images accompanying incomplete texts in most cases are not clear enough for detailed analysis. Based on this situation, we decided to fill this historiographic gap and at the first stage we devoted our research to the iron fibulae of the early La Tène scheme found on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. As a result of the investigation, a lot was allocated, consisting of 12 fibulae, most of which were found on the territory of the Getic hillforts on the right bank of the Dniester. The degree of preservation of the items leaves much to be desired. The number of undamaged fibulae is relatively small, and those preserved fragmentarily create sufficient impediments for the possibilities of classification. Despite these circumstances, a catalogue of early La Tène scheme fibulae was developed, on the basis of which the main analogies were identified both in the neighboring areas (Romania and Ukraine), and in the Central Europe. We suggested to trace the chronological landmarks for the existing analogies, as well as to evaluate the chronological framework of the presented artifacts. At the same time, we set out to follow the ways and means by which these fibulae reached the Prut-Dniester area and, where possible, to highlight probable phenomena and processes that were behind the respective distribution of this type of artifacts.

Over the past two decades, digital technologies have gained unprecedented development, having a significant impact in all areas of human activity. Museums were also involved in the whirlwind of the technological revolution, and this opened up vital opportunities for preserving and promoting the cultural heritage. Due to digital technologies, museums can more effectively manage their collections, provide better preservation and study of cultural values, and increase the accessibility and attractiveness of cultural heritage for the public. Based on these considerations, the purpose of the communication is to highlight some practical ways for the museum to use technological innovation to improve its performance and gain a competitive advantage. The issues of digitization of cultural heritage at European level is considered by defining concepts in the field of digital technologies, assessing the advantages and disadvantages of using modern technologies, as well as by noting good practices for digitizing the collections of museums in countries with experience in this field. Next, the current context of the application of the digital strategy for the cultural heritage administered by the National Museum of History of Moldova is presented and analyzed in detail, being pointed out the problems and perspectives of the digitization process of the museum collections.

Historiettes can be defined as a collection of small memoirs in which Tallemant des Réaux reconstructed the reign of Henri IV and the regency of Anne d’Autriche. This collection of stories reshuffles the events reported in official Historiography, giving scandalous and private anecdotes of the more or less major figures of the time. The article reflects on the form of counterfactual history in a genre that is supposed to depict historical figures with a zest of funny, strange and picturesque details.

To understand the complex biochemistry and biophysics of biological systems, one needs to be able to monitor local concentrations of molecules, physical properties of macromolecular assemblies and activation status of signaling pathways, in real time, within single cells, and at high spatio-temporal resolution. Here we look at the tools that have been / are being / need to be provided by chemical biology to address these challenges. In particular, we highlight the utility of molecular probes that help to better measure mechanical forces and flux through key signalling pathways. Chemical biology can be used to both build biosensors to visualize, but also actuators to perturb biological processes. An emergent theme is the possibility to multiplex measurements of multiple cellular processes. Advances in microscopy automation now allow us to acquire datasets for 1000’s of cells. This produces high dimensional datasets that require computer vision approaches that automate image analysis. The high dimensionality of these datasets are often not immediately accessible to human intuition, and, similarly to ‘omics technologies, require statistical approaches for their exploitation. The field of biosensor imaging is therefore experiencing a multidisciplinary transition that will enable it to realize its full potential as a tool to provide a deeper appreciation of cell physiology.

This article describes four fluorescent membrane tension probes that have been designed, synthesized, evaluated, commercialized and applied to current biology challenges in the context of the NCCR Chemical Biology. Their names are Flipper-TR©, ER Flipper-TR©, Lyso Flipper-TR© and Mito Flipper-TR©, they are available from Spirochrome.

Partiendo de la proposición 28 de la Parte I de la Ética de Spinoza, defiendo que la idea de interdeterminación que expone se forma excluyendo la indeterminación y el finalismo. Spinoza concibe la realidad como una red infinita de determinaciones singulares sin jerarquías ni exterior. La propia interdeterminación, además, sirve para explicar qué significa ser un modo finito de Dios. Este problema, no obstante, se resuelve de manera más completa a través de la noción de ‘necesidad absoluta de la relación’. Una vez disponemos de esas herramientas conceptuales, podemos entender el modo en que finitud y absoluto se funden en las cosas singulares, haciéndolas cognoscibles con objetividad. Pero, que todas las cosas sean cognoscibles, no quiere decir que nosotros podamos conocerlas todas. Pues también la potencia de nuestro entendimiento es limitada. Afirmando la cognoscibilidad universal y la limitación de nuestra capacidad de conocer, Spinoza impugna tanto el escepticismo irracionalista como la confusión del pensamiento humano con el entendimiento infinito de Dios.

Abstract Background Breeding genetically hornless, i.e. polled, cattle provides an animal welfare-friendly and non-invasive alternative to the dehorning of calves. However, the molecular regulation of the development of horns in cattle is still poorly understood. Studying genetic characters such as polledness and scurs, can provide valuable insights into this process. Scurs are hornlike formations that occur occasionally in a wide variety of sizes and forms as an unexpected phenotype when breeding polled cattle. Methods We present a unique dataset of 885 Holstein–Friesian cattle with polled parentage. The horn phenotype was carefully examined, and the phenotypic heterogeneity of the trait is described. Using a direct gene test for polledness, the polled genotype of the animals was determined. Subsequently, the existence of a putative scurs locus was investigated using high-density genotype data of a selected subset of 232 animals and two mapping approaches: mixed linear model-based association analyses and combined linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis. Results The results of an exploratory data analysis indicated that the expression of scurs depends on age at phenotyping, sex and polled genotype. Scurs were more prevalent in males than in females. Moreover, homozygous polled animals did not express any pronounced scurs and we found that the Friesian polled allele suppresses the development of scurs more efficiently than the Celtic polled allele. Combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping revealed four genome-wide significant loci that affect the development of scurs, one on BTA5 and three on BTA12. Moreover, suggestive associations were detected on BTA16, 18 and 23. The mixed linear model-based association analysis supports the results of the combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis. None of the mapping approaches provided convincing evidence for a monogenic inheritance of scurs. Conclusions Our results contradict the initial and still broadly accepted model for the inheritance of horns and scurs. We hypothesise an oligogenetic model to explain the development of scurs and polledness.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on two lesser-known aspects of Adorno’s work on philosophy: “mental reservations”, and the ability to “resist suggestion”. Both largely contribute to the Adornoian definition of philosophy as emancipatory practice. Philosophy therefore enables people to think for themselves and resist a strong suggestive social and political environment. They become more receptive to whatever situation they encounter. At the same time condition and result, “mental reservations”, and the ability to “resist suggestion” appear as key-features of the Adornoian plaidoyer for a philosophical thinking. They are also complementary, though not reducible, to other concepts in his work: for example, his concept of “primacy of the object” or his “immanent critique” methodology.

Among the numerous vestiges of the Iron Age at Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii”, there are 11 finds of human remains, which are of particular in¬terest for the interdisciplinary research of the site. In this article, we propose combining archaeological data with anthropological ones. The analyzed skele¬tal material comes from six types of archaeological contexts: “cultic structure”, “ditch”, “rampart”, “grave”, “dwelling”, and “cultural layer” (Fig. 2; 3). In all the analyzed cases the identified osteological remains come from a single individu¬al. In total, seven individuals were identified, one of whom is female and six are male. Regarding age distribution, most individuals fall within the age range of 30-60 years (maturus). One individual falls within the age range of 20-30 years (adultus), and another one has passed the age of 60 (senilis). As a result of the paleopathological analyses, a wide spectrum of dental pathologies (supragingi¬val calculus, cavities, abscess, antemortem tooth loss) and bone pathologies (os¬teoarthritis, intervertebral disc herniation, porotic hyperostosis) were recorded. The analysis of occupational indicators showed over-demanding physical activ¬ities, spatial mobility, and horseback riding. Traces of violent death, such as cra¬nial and postcranial fractures, have been reported in several cases. There were also identified injuries with signs of healing

The article presents the assumptions and results of research monitoring the use of descriptions of the occupations, which have been developed as a part of INFODORADCA+ project „Developing, supplementing and updating information about professions and its dissemination via modern communication tools”. The concept included quantitative and qualitative research. The research concerned both public employment services and non-public labour market institutionss.

This paper explores selected images from the Salpêtrière Hospital that were later featured in L'Iconographie photographique de la Salpêtrière. It then compares these images to a nude series of photos of the dancer Claire Bauroff, taken by Viennese photographer Trude Fleischmann in 1925, in which Bauroff’s movements are seemingly impregnated with the hysterical gestures of Charcot’s patients at the Salpêtrière. Hereby, I argue that there are distinct continuities between the exaggerated postures in the Salpêtrière photographs and in Fleischmann’s images of Bauroff. To support this argument, I employ the concept of “pathos formula” posited by German art historian Aby Warburg.