8 results on '"Alexander, Kurz"'
Search Results
2. [New therapeutic approaches]
- Author
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Alexander, Kurz and Timo, Grimmer
- Subjects
Neurotransmitter Agents ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,Alzheimer Disease ,TDP-43 Proteinopathies ,Vaccination ,Immunization, Passive ,Brain ,Humans ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ,Aged - Abstract
The most prevalent causes of dementia are progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. Alzheimer's disease ranks first and is follwed by Parkinson and Lewy body disease as well as the Frontotemporal lobar degenerations. These neurodegenerative processes are characterised by the production, aggregation and deposition of pathological proteins. These are β amyloid and tau in Alzheimer's disease; α synuclein in der Parkinson's- and Lewy body disease, and tau, TDP-43 as well as FUS in the Frontotemporal lobar degenerations. Aggregation into oligomers and fibrils and subsequent sedimentation of these proteins lead to nerve cell dysfunction, synaptic failure and ultimately to the demise of neurons. The deficits and imbalance of neurotransmitter systems which represent an important target of the current pharmacological treatment of dementia are consequences of nerve cell loss. Many of the novel treatment approaches that are being tested in clinical trials are aimed at preventing, slowing or ameliorating the production, aggregation and deposition of pathological proteins. Key strategies are inhibition of secretases which generate β amyloid, active and passive immunisation against β amyloid, restriction β amyloid and tau aggregation as well as stimulation of β amyloid clearance. In addition clinical trials are ongoing on symptomatic treatments including the simultaneous stimulation of multiple neurotransmitter systems, compensation of brain insulin resistance, and neuroprotection through certain nutrients. In addition to novel drug treatments non-pharmacological interventions are also being developed.Die häufigsten Ursachen der Demenz sind fortschreitende und irreversible neurodegenerative Krankheiten des Gehirns. An erster Stelle steht die Alzheimer-Krankheit, gefolgt von Parkinson- und Lewy-Körper-Krankheit und den Frontotemporalen lobären Degenerationen. Die neurodegenerativen Prozesse sind durch die Entstehung, Zusammenballung und Ablagerung von pathologischen Proteinen gekennzeichnet. Diese sind β-Amyloid und Tau bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit; α-Synuklein bei der Parkinson- und Lewy-Körper-Krankheit sowie Tau, TDP-43 und FUS bei den Frontotemporalen Degenerationen. Die Aggregation zu Oligomeren und Fibrillen sowie die nachfolgende Sedimentierung dieser Proteine führen zur Funktionsstörung von Nervenzellen, zum Versagen von synaptischen Verbindungen und schließlich zum Zelluntergang. Die Defizite und Imbalancen von Neurotransmittersystemen, die einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt der derzeitigen pharmakologischen Therapie der Demenz darstellen, sind Folgen des Nervenzelluntergangs. Viele der neuen, in Entwicklung befindlichen Therapieansätze sind darauf gerichtet, die Entstehung, Zusammenballung und Ablagerung pathologischer Proteine zu verhindern, zu verlangsamen oder abzumildern. Wichtige Strategien sind Hemmung der Sekretasen, die β-Amyloid generieren, aktive und passive Immunisierung gegen β-Amyloid, Hemmung der Aggregation von β-Amyloid und Tau sowie Stimulierung des aktiven Transports von β-Amyloid aus dem Gehirn. In klinischer Prüfung befinden sich auch neue symptomatische Therapieformen einschließlich der simultanen Stimulation mehrerer Neurotransmittersysteme, des Ausgleichs der zerebralen Insulinresistenz und der Neuroprotektion mittels spezieller Nahrungsbestandteile. Neben den pharmakologischen Behandlungsformen werden auch nicht-medikamentöse Interventionen weiterentwickelt.
- Published
- 2015
3. [Early diagnosis and treatment of dementia]
- Author
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Teresa, Froböse and Alexander, Kurz
- Subjects
Lewy Body Disease ,Dementia, Multi-Infarct ,Alzheimer Disease ,Risk Factors ,Mental Disorders ,Humans ,Dementia ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Aged - Published
- 2011
4. Neuropsychologisch fundierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für Patienten mit Alzheimer-Krankheit im Frühstadium. Die KORDIAL-Studie
- Author
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Angelika I. T. Thöne-Otto, Silvia Egert, Hermann-Josef Gertz, Barbara Cramer, Katja Werheid, S Wagenpfeil, C Knorr, Alexander Kurz, and Lutz Frölich
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alzheimer krankheit ,business.industry ,medicine ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,business ,Gerontology - Abstract
Die KORDIAL-Studie (Kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische ressourcenorientierte Therapie früher Demenzen im Alltag) ist eine multizentrische, randomisierte, kontrollierte, einfach-blinde Parallelgruppen-Studie zur Evaluation der Wirksamkeit einer neuropsychologisch fundierten verhaltenstherapeutischen Intervention für Patienten im klinischen Frühstadium der Alzheimer-Krankheit unter Alltagsbedingungen. Die experimentelle Intervention wurde speziell auf die Bedürfnisse und Fähigkeiten von Patienten mit beginnender Demenz abgestimmt. Sie zielt sowohl auf die Aufrechterhaltung der Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag, vor allem durch Vermittlung von Strategien zur Kompensation kognitiver Defizite, als auch auf die emotionale Bewältigung der Krankheit und auf die Prävention sekundärer psychopathologischer Symptome ab. Um möglichst dauerhafte Veränderungen im Alltag zu erzielen, werden die Bezugspersonen der Patienten systematisch in die Intervention einbezogen. Im Falle des positiven Ausgangs der Studie könnte eine auf neuropsychologischen Erkenntnissen basierende Verhaltenstherapie zu einem etablierten Bestandteil der Behandlung von Patienten mit beginnender Demenz werden.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. [Associations between dementia and head circumference as a measure of brain reserve--results from the Bavarian School sisters study]
- Author
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Horst, Bickel, Matthias, Riemenschneider, and Alexander, Kurz
- Subjects
Religion and Psychology ,Genotype ,Cephalometry ,Apolipoprotein E4 ,Statistics as Topic ,Age Factors ,Catholicism ,Brain ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Body Mass Index ,Apolipoproteins E ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Alzheimer Disease ,Risk Factors ,Germany ,Humans ,Female ,Cognition Disorders ,Mental Status Schedule ,Alleles ,Aged - Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship of head circumference as a marker of maximal attained brain size to late-life cognitive impairment and dementia.Cognitive performance was assessed and the presence of dementia was diagnosed in a cross-sectional study of 442 Catholic sisters aged 65 years and over.A head circumference below average was significantly associated with the presence of dementia even after adjustment for age, body mass index and presence of one or two apolipoprotein E epsilon4 alleles (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.6). The combination of small head circumference and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 strongly increased the risk of dementia (OR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.44-8.97).The findings support the hypothesis that a larger head size reduces the risk of cognitive decline and dementia in old age.
- Published
- 2006
6. [State of the art management of BPSD in dementia]
- Author
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Michael K, Rainer, Hermann A M, Mucke, Andreas J, Masching, Manfred, Haushofer, Martin, Karger, Siegfried, Kasper, and Alexander, Kurz
- Subjects
Psychotropic Drugs ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Alzheimer Disease ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Austria ,Germany ,Mental Disorders ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Dementia ,Comorbidity ,Health Surveys ,Switzerland - Abstract
To obtain a cross-sectional overview of therapeutic practice concerning non-cognitive, behavioral signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.We selected 24 psychiatrists (8 from each country) for a questionnaire-based survey with 28 detailed practical questions.Attitudes and preferences were in line with the state of the art as documented in the literature, with the exception of the fact that 30 % of the physicians favored a too brief therapeutic trial with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for agitation. According to the international literature the preferred treatment of psychotic symptoms in Parkinsons's disease is also a little bit different. Modern atypical antipsychotics, and particularly risperidone, were highly favored for agitation, delirium, psychotic symptoms, and rage outbursts; benzodiazepines (oxazepam and lorazepam), and to an extent also low-potency conventional antipsychotics, were favored only for brief ad hoc medication courses. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were preferentially treated with SSRI, with the exception of short-term therapy of generalized anxiety where benzodiazepines were favored. Benzodiazepines and zolpidem were favored for insomnia without pronounced nocturnal agitation.Psychiatrists at memory clinics in German-speaking Europe have therapeutic attitudes and practices that are consistent with the current state of the art.
- Published
- 2005
7. [Treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The status quo]
- Author
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Janine, Diehl and Alexander, Kurz
- Subjects
Alzheimer Disease ,Humans - Published
- 2002
8. [Reversibility of dementia in hypothyroidism]
- Author
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M. Haupt and Alexander Kurz
- Subjects
endocrine system ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,endocrine system diseases ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Thyroid Function Tests ,Thyroid function tests ,Thyroiditis ,Remission induction ,Cognition ,Hypothyroidism ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Dementia diagnosis ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Long-Term Care ,Thyroxine ,Endocrinology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone - Abstract
Thirteen percent of all dementia disorders are potentially reversible. Hypothyroidism is among the most frequent causes of reversible dementias. Although it is generally accepted that dementia symptoms in hypothyroidism can be significantly reduced, many questions about the therapeutic efficacy are unexplained. It has not been systematically investigated which psychopathological symptoms respond well to thyroid hormone substitution, how long the treatment should last and whether duration of symptoms or severity of dementia have an influence on the degree of remission of psychopathological impairment. We investigated these questions in two prospectively studied cases with dementia in hypothyroidism.
- Published
- 1993
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