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Report of a 48-year-old patient presenting the syndrome of action myoclonus as described by Lance and Adams, during an acute renal decompensation. The action myoclonus appeared in the stage of acute metabolic acidosis and hyperosmolarity, and proved completely reversible. Action myoclonus has not before been reported as a symptom of metabolic disorder. It's prognosis in such a context seems much better than in post-anoxic cases in whom it always has proved persistent. The only sequel in our patient was a mild pyramidal and cerebellar syndrome confirming the statement of Lance and Adams that mild cerebellar ataxia is part of the action myoclonus syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]