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The annual report of the Coastal Bird Conservation Working Group Mecklenburg-Vorpommern for the year 2022 describes the activities for the protection of coastal birds on the Baltic Sea coast. The report includes the monitoring of breeding populations, the implementation of conservation measures, and the control of predators in the protected areas. It also presents developments and breeding results from project areas for the protection of meadow-breeding birds. The year 2022 was characterized by the first occurrence of bird flu in breeding colonies of common terns and cormorants. The report provides a detailed overview of the management of various protected areas and the challenges faced by coastal birds. [Extracted from the article]

The second part of the history of the Vienna Zoo covers the terms of office of Mr. Prof. VR Dr. Pechlaner and Mrs. Prof. Dr. Schratter. Both have made the zoo one of the best zoos in the world, with sensational breeding successes and innovative animal enclosures. Under their leadership, new animal enclosures were opened, including a big cat enclosure and an elephant park. The zoo was also renovated and modernized, and Director Pechlaner was appointed President of WWF Austria. However, in 2002, a fatal incident occurred in which a zookeeper was attacked by jaguars. The investigations revealed that the zoo had followed all safety standards. Nevertheless, the zoo continued to attract visitors, especially with the arrival of koalas and giant pandas from China. In February, a tragic accident occurred in the zoo, in which an experienced elephant keeper was killed by a young bull. Helmut Pechlaner, the former director of the zoo, brought the first Indian rhinoceroses to the zoo since 1894 in 2006. After his term of office, he continued to be involved in animal conservation. In 2007, Prof. Dr. Dagmar Schratter was appointed the first female director of the zoo. She had already been working at the zoo since 1993 and had various responsibilities, including the care of the giant pandas and koalas. In 2007, the research project on the endangered Borneo winking frogs was also launched. In the same year, the first panda baby conceived naturally in Europe was born. In 2008, the ORANG.erie in the Palm House of Schönbrunn was opened. In 2010, further animal species were successfully bred, including dwarf crocodiles and Batagur river turtles. In the summer of 2011, the Schönbrunn Zoo offered a course for voluntary work for the first time, with more than 300 people participating. The courses covered all relevant areas of a zoo, from animal care to public relations. 70 people successfully completed the course and volunteered at the zoo. In 2012, the zoo celebrated its 260th anniversary and opened the historic monkey house after two years of modernization. There were also successes in breeding various animal species, including giant pandas and polar bears. The zoo received several awards and prizes for its work. In 2016, the Schönbrunn Zoo achieved various successes, including the world's first breeding of giant jellyfish and the increase in numbers of green tree lizards. A panda was sent back to China from the zoo. The giraffe enclosure received the environmental award from the city of Vienna for its photovoltaic system and heat storage. There were also advances in species conservation and new research projects. In 2017, panda twins were born, but there were also restrictions due to bird flu. New enclosures were opened and new animal species were added, including rockhopper penguins and monitor lizards. In 2018, further successes were achieved in breeding various animal species. There were also changes in the zoo, including the retirement of the director. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the outbreak of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu or avian flu, in protected areas in Germany, specifically the National Park Hamburgisches Wattenmeer and Helgoland. It describes the occurrence of the highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype of the virus, its impact on various bird species, and the measures taken to control the spread of the disease. It also mentions the collection of bird carcasses and the prohibition of access to certain areas for future outbreaks.

The article presents the discussion on Jordsand club having the Species selected as 2022 breeding season hit by an unprecedented bird flu epidemic. Topics include adult birds died in north-west Europe and the chicks to the highly pathogenic Avian influenza strain H5N1; and species being almost breeding exclusively in protected areas due to the island location for Predators.

The Friedrich Loeffler Institute (FLI) on the island of Riems plans to infect cows with the US variant of the bird flu virus H5N1 in order to investigate the transmission pathways of the virus. Special attention is paid to the cows' udders. There are indications that the tissue in the cow's udder has the necessary receptors for influenza A viruses and thus other variants and genotypes could also pose a risk. The study will be conducted with five cows and two control animals, and the viral loads in the udder and milk of the infected animals will be particularly high. After initial examinations of cattle serum samples, the FLI has given the all-clear and considers the risk of entry of the American virus strain to be "very low". [Extracted from the article]

According to Erik Visser, CEO of Hamlet Protein, the market outlook for 2023 is difficult to predict. However, he expects growth opportunities in the pig and poultry market. Volatility and high feed costs will continue to exist. The logistics in the global supply chain will continue to suffer from disruptions caused by the energy crisis, labor shortages, and imbalanced demand. Avian influenza and African swine fever will continue to impact animal populations. Trends in animal protein production vary by region, with a decline in pork expected primarily in Europe. Demand for pork in China is expected to increase. Despite the decline in pig populations in some regions, Visser is optimistic that increased market penetration in global markets still offers plenty of room for growth. [Extracted from the article]

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Livestock farming and the feed industry are affected by the energy crisis and general price increases. There are shortages of CO2 dry ice, which is needed for the cold chains in the food trade, as well as food packaging. The price increases in agricultural raw materials make it difficult to implement animal welfare and organic production. Pig and poultry slaughtering could come to a halt due to a lack of CO2. The EU Commission expects a significant decline in pig production this year. Poultry farming faces major challenges due to raw material costs and feed prices. The trend towards vaccination against bird flu is evident. The trend towards free-range and organic farming has been temporarily halted. Profitability in poultry farming is severely threatened. Fiber nutrition in livestock farming can have positive effects, such as reducing gastric ulcers in pigs and buffering E. coli challenges in piglets. Rising energy prices and general price increases are hitting livestock farming and the feed industry hard. There are shortages of energy and raw materials, as well as disruptions in supply chains. The price increase of food makes it difficult to pay premiums for animal welfare and ecological production. The number of slaughtered pigs has been decreasing by 3% annually since 2018, and a decline of up to 6.9% is forecasted for this year. The EU Commission expects a significant decline in pig production in 2022. The poultry industry also faces major challenges, especially in terms of raw material costs and feed prices. Fiber substances have an impact on intestinal health and animal performance. [Extracted from the article]

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Scientists from the United Kingdom have found evidence that some seabirds have immunity against bird flu. The FluMap consortium has received additional funding to further investigate the transmission of bird flu. The research has revealed that gannets and cormorants show signs of immunity against bird flu. The preliminary results suggest a specific immunity against the H5N1 strain. The transmission of the virus through the air is only possible over short distances, which currently estimates the risk of transmission between farms as very low. The scientists are now focusing on understanding how these antibodies affect the infection in order to predict the emergence of new virus strains. [Extracted from the article]

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In 2022, industrial compound feed production in the EU decreased by more than 5 million tons compared to the previous year. The main reasons for this decline are avian influenza, economic uncertainty, and environmental and animal welfare policies. The pig sector was particularly affected, experiencing a decrease of 6.7%, followed by the poultry segment with a decrease of 3.2%. Cattle feed production only slightly decreased by 0.5 million tons. It is expected that the production of the main animal species will continue to decline in 2023. Avian influenza, economic uncertainty, and environmental and animal welfare policies remain the main drivers for the upcoming year. [Extracted from the article]

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Despite an increase in cases of avian influenza in 2022, African swine fever (ASF) was the most frequently detected animal disease in Europe. According to the European Animal Disease Information System (ADIS), there were a total of 15,371 cases of animal diseases in the European Union and nine other European countries. The number of ASF virus detections in Europe decreased by 43.1% compared to 2021, with a total of 7,979 cases. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) had the highest increase in cases. West Nile virus and bluetongue disease were also widespread, while Germany, France, Italy, and Belgium were no longer on the list of affected countries due to vaccinations and biosecurity measures. [Extracted from the article]

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The article reports on the impact of bird flu on breeding season of species such as sandwich terns, gannets, and spoonbills. It mentions in northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands entire breeding colonies of sandwich terns of pairs have been massively affected and colonies have been partially wiped out.

According to the Federal Association for Animal Health (BfT), sales in the German veterinary drug market hardly increased last year but were able to confirm the record result of 2021. Sales of vaccines decreased by 6.5% to €214.2 million, mainly due to the decline in pig stocks and avian influenza. Sales of anti-infectives also fell by 6.7% to €133.3 million, which is also related to the structural decline in pig farming and the animal disease situation in pigs and poultry. The total revenue for 2022 is estimated at €902 million. [Extracted from the article]

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Biosecurity is crucial to prevent the spread of African swine fever (ASF) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Transmission occurs through the transportation of goods and infected livestock and poultry, as well as through direct and indirect contact with contaminated materials. LANXESS Biosecurity Solutions offers effective disinfectants to prevent and combat ASF and HPAI outbreaks. These disinfectants are globally recognized and can kill the ASF virus at various dilution rates. They provide farmers with versatile biosecurity systems for disinfecting surfaces, equipment, vehicles, and water sources. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the discussion on holding the next winter lecture series both online and Livestreams as well as finally back in the house of nature through video conference inclding lectures on bird life, trips to distant lands and the importance of zoos and agriculture for biodiversity.

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