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Notes on the elucidation of passages in texts from late antiquity obscured by the use of abbreviations and editorial misses, continued from APF 68 (2022) 336-43. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document "Abbreviations (editions, journals, series, reference works)" from the Millennium Yearbook lists various abbreviations and their meanings in scientific publications. It includes abbreviations for journals, editions, and series such as AA for "Archäologischer Anzeiger" and AAC for "Acta Archaeologica Carpathica". The list serves as a useful reference for researchers and scientists to understand the meaning of abbreviations in their fields, especially in the field of ancient studies. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study deals with the issue of translation in the field of medicine. The first part contains a brief theoretical introduction into medical translation in general. It is followed by a practical analysis of problems in the translation from the source to the target language with a focus on abbreviations and defects in source texts. It describes specific problem areas and examples which occur very often in medical texts and can lead to errors in target texts. Decoding medical abbreviations and defects in source texts in the German – Slovak language pair is a very demanding job, because the use of Latin, Greek or English words and their abbreviations in medical texts is a common occurrence for doctors, but can be a source of problems and confusion for translators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

›Pop‹ often functions as an abbreviation of ›popular‹. If that is the case, ›pop‹ includes talk of ›simple,‹ ›catchy‹, ›vivid‹ and/or ›standardised‹, ›schematised‹ and/or ›charming‹, ›spectacular‹ artefacts as well as their ›lively‹, ›unmediated‹ or ›conditioned‹, ›passive‹, ›merely sensual‹ reception. This essay reconstructs precisely those approaches to a pop aesthetic, from Richard Hamilton, among others, to cultural studies and German-language pop discourse, that deviate from this and o(er an independent position. Three areas of such pop aesthetics are examined in more detail: 1. determinations of individual pop arts and pop-specific value judgements, 2. forms of not purely discursive pop aesthetics, 3. provisions for an overarching pop aesthetic. In the comprehensive inspection of corresponding presentations on pop music, pop art, pop literature and pop design, characteristics cited, such as superficiality and artificiality, are examined for their viability, deficits are identified and, in some cases, new proposals are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frühmittelalterliche Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Notes on the elucidation of passages in texts from late antiquity obscured by the use of abbreviations and editorial misses, continued from APF 66 (2020) 346-58. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article addresses the two contemporary Italian dictionaries of abbreviations Malossini (1999) and Righini (2001) and outlines the position of the Italian abbreviations in some other Italian dictionaries, namely the monolingual Zingarelli (2000) and Garzanti (2021) and bilingual Slovene–Italian (Šlenc 2006) and Italian–Slovene (Šlenc 1997). The aim of the paper is to give an insight into the compilation of the abbreviation dictionary entries in monolingual Italian, bilingual in tandem with the Slovene language and specialised abbreviation dictionaries; highlight the elements present within the dictionary entries; present the deficiencies in compiling and examples of good practice; with the aim of introducing the outcomes in the compilation of the bilingual Italian–Slovene dictionary entries of the Slovene Contemporary Dictionary of Abbreviations. Within the paper we present the composition of the bilingual dictionary entries giving the reader an insight into the elements of the dictionary entry, namely the usage of language and field qualifiers, articulated prepositions, i.e. preposizioni articolate (composed of prepositions and definite articles), official translations and additional descriptions.

This article addresses the position of specialized dictionaries of abbreviations for English. Special attention is given to the macro- and microstructure of English dictionaries of abbreviations, and current available online sources for users are presented. The article compares the micro- and macrostructure of seventeen English dictionaries of abbreviations, including general and language-specific ones, and three online general dictionaries of abbreviations. In the article two contemporary online attempts are also presented; namely, Slovarček krajšav (Kompara Lukančič 2006) and Slovar krajšav (Kompara Lukančič 2011). The article points out that traditional lexicography, mainly its orientation toward compiling functional and detailed entries, should be joined with modern concepts of lexicography oriented toward an extensive number of entries and constant development and improvement of a dictionary as new abbreviations are gradually added. The combination of traditional and modern concepts can develop resources that users need most — namely, a contemporary dictionary of abbreviations.

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This article explores initialisms and acronyms taken from newspapers in the French press. In this article, using data from our study of abbreviated words, we attempt to answer the following questions: How can we shorten a word in French? What are the correct forms (means) of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms? Can an initialism be considered as a separate (common) word? Before investigating the origin and function of various abbreviations in the French press, the preferred modality of each era, or even the basic rationales behind using such abbreviations, we define a term for abbreviated forms. It seems important to us to present our own definition and to illustrate in detail the problems of the subject. French uses four forms of abbreviated words to help create new words and build vocabulary. These four main forms of abbreviated words are: initials, acronyms, abbreviations, and truncations. At the same time, our goal in this article is to clarify the problem of pronunciation of initialisms and acronyms. To achieve our goal, we used a survey methodology conducted among people from different social groups and ages, in order to determine forms of oral speech and decipher abbreviations of the French daily press. Based on our research, we created a data table on the pronunciation of initialisms in French. The corpus elements and the survey conducted provide us with reliable data on the functioning, interpretation and decoding of abbreviated words in modern French. The survey results allow us to observe the fact that there are two main ways of using abbreviations in French: reading and spelling. Our analysis shows that the obligation to use reading to write an acronym depends, in part, on a number of formal conditions. One of these conditions is the syllable and phonetic structure of acronyms. In conclusion, based on the survey results, we describe the table and types of abbreviations in the corpus of our study.

Multisegmentale Kurzwörter (vor allem Buchstabenkurzwörter) sind unentbehrliche Bestandteile von öffentlichen Texten. Bezeichnungen von Parteien, Organisationen, Institutionen usw. erscheinen im Allgemeinen in der Kurzform. Aber nicht immer. Wodurch wird die Wahl zwischen Kurzform und Langform in Reden an die Öffentlichkeit, in Wortmeldungen im Parlament usw. beeinflusst? Ist das nur eine Frage der praktischen Kürze? Höchstwahrscheinlich nicht. Der Kurzwortgebrauch wird durch einen Komplex von mehreren Aspekten motiviert, von denen im Beitrag nur einer, die Sympathie, die Zuneigung (wie z. B. die politische Nähe) untersucht wird. Es wird versucht, auch der Frage nachzugehen, ob die diesbezüglichen Motive der Kurzwortverwendung sprachgebunden sind. Multisegmental short forms (especially acronyms) are indispensable components of public texts. Terms of parties, organisations, institutions etc. generally appear in abbreviated form. But not always. How is the choice between short form and long form influenced in speeches to the public, speeches in Parliament, etc.? Is this just a question of practical brevity? Most likely not. The use of short words is motivated by a complex of aspects, only one of which will be examined in the presentation: sympathy/affection (such as political closeness).

The article discusses the study of the language items of the English alternative speech behavior in the accompanying texts of the Internet memes. The necessity of studying the language of the Internet communities viewed as a special social form of anti-language and defined through the notion of alternative anti-society is a result of the emergence of network subculture expressing and building the subjective reality. The paper aims to explore and analyze the basic features of anti-language, to identify and categorize its characteristic markers on the lexical basis. The article presents the analysis and systematization of the specific markers of the Internet slang according to their thematic and functional features in the Internet memes viewed as viral Internet signs distributed from one Internet user to the other, a kind of precedent phenomena maintaining the information about some certain cultural or political event which served as sources for their emergence. It is identified that the typical markers of alternative speech behaviour are abbreviations and acronyms in the memes of social issues and colloquial vocabulary in the memes of political issues. The frequent usage of abbreviations and slang-forms in the Internet memes which are mostly decoded by lingua-cultural knowledge is due to the principles of informality, speech economy, spontaneity and linguistic creativity which are the typical features if the Internet communication. The study of the Internet language of alternative social groups allows to enlarge the knowledge of the net slang as a typical example of linguistic revolution which develops the structure and functions of the Internet communication

The article is devoted to the linguistic mechanisms of Twitter, in particular, the active usage of so-called anti-language in English-language Twitter. The conceptual approaches to the study of the functioning of anti-language are considered. The author analyzes the sociocultural processes associated with the formation and perception of anti-language in English-language Twitter messages, describes the results of a study aimed at analyzing and systematizing the usage of anti-language by various social groups in English-language Twitter. The functional, thematic and lexical features of language units in the messages of the participants of the microblog Twitter are identified, the main trends in the use of anti-language both on individual and collective levels are described. It is hypothesized that a negative attitude towards anti-language leads directly to hanging social labels on its users, namely, to consolidate any negative quality with an individual or a multitude of people using anti-language. This article is an attempt to revise the one-dimensional attitude to the anti-language of Internet communication and increase its social significance. The author proposes to consider anti-language used in the Twitter microblog not only as a social variety, dialect or a kind of secret register, but as a definite speech behavior of members of the Internet community, where abbreviations, acronyms, slangisms, relaxicalism and blends are common information items

A series of notes on the elucidation of passages obscured by the use of abbreviations and editorial misses. They occur in texts from late antiquity and especially the early Arab period, most of them fiscal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on multi-segmental acronyms (Kurzwörter), whose use was initially condemned by German linguistic purists as a manifestation of language decay. However, the desire for abbreviation has not abated: multi-segmental acronyms are being used more and more. Without them, technical language would no longer be conceivable today. But are they only popular because of their brevity? This article investigates the advantages of using multi-segmental acronyms in technical texts, as well as exploring a kind of globalization process affecting technical languages, manifested in a new kind of embedding of English and English-transmitted technical terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following list contains supplements (new types, discussions or changes to the type status) and corrections (typos or additions of missing words or numbers) to the recent type catalogue of the Herpetological Collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, NMW; Gemel et al. 2019). The specimens are divided into the classes "Amphibia" and "Reptilia" and are arranged alphabetically within their orders/suborders. Abbreviations and acronyms can be found in the recent type catalogue (Gemel et al. 2019). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article treats definitions and means to form compounds and abbreviations in typologically and structurally different Russian and Chinese languages. The existence, formation and borrowing of compounds evidently reflects common trend within information compression field as to words, syntagms and complex nomination ipse se. In both languages there are compared compounds and abbreviations retrieved from dictionaries and used in mass media sources. The target of the research is to analyze and determine means to form compounds and abbreviations in the Russian and Chinese languages. Main methods involve comparative study and lexical and grammatical commentary. Finally, similarities and differences of compounds and abbreviations of the two structurally different languages help develop the patterns of the compared entities.

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This paper looks at how abbreviations and acronyms are treated in African language dictionaries in general compared to selected mainstream English dictionaries. Specifically, the study looks at their treatment in T.J. Otlogetswe's (2012) Tlhalosi ya Medi ya Setswana dictionary. Altogether, a survey of twenty selected dictionaries was carried out examining the treatment of abbreviations and acronyms in these dictionaries. Ten of these dictionaries are mainstream English dictionaries and the remaining ten are dictionaries of varied African languages spoken in the Southern African region e.g. Shona, Ndebele, Venda, Setswana and Northern Sotho. The study addresses four questions: (a) whether African lexicographers include abbreviations and acronyms in their dictionaries as is practice in mainstream English dictionaries; (b) if so, how these have been treated; (c) what linguistic features are highlighted in these entries, if any; and, (d) what recommendation the study makes for the way forward. The results showed that in most of the African dictionaries in the survey, unlike in mainstream English dictionaries, abbreviations and acronyms are not included despite the fact that many of them are coined and used by native speakers of these languages. An exception is Otlogetswe (2012) with a list of 25 abbreviations and acronyms. The paper recommends that African lexicographers include abbreviations and acronyms as part of their lexicon because these lexical items are coined by the communities making them part of the vocabulary of the language. Users of these dictionaries should find entries of abbreviations and acronyms in these dictionaries whenever they want to confirm the meaning, or when teaching.

An index of abbreviations for book series, institutions, and archives including the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina, and the Archivio Segreto Vaticano is offered.

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Bibliographical abbreviations used in this volume

V prvej časti práce autor predkladá archeologické nálezy opatrené nápismi, resp. ich skratkami, v rôznej forme písma používaného v období stredoveku a na začiatku novoveku. Zahŕňa tak keramický materiál (nádoby, misy, poháre, kachlice, slnečné hodiny, hlinené modely), ďalej zbrane (hlavne meče, nože, dýky, honosný hrot šípu), kľúče, sklenené poháre a iné kovoliatecké a kováčske výrobky (torzo zvona, železné dvere). Pokus o dešifrovanie litier nápisov v ich kontextuálnom vyjadrení (aplikácie na biblické texty). Pokus o interpretáciu, resp. reinterpretáciu publikovaných nálezov.

This paper shows, which development trends of the Russian language have enabled its speakers to take part in the current international communication. First, borrowings are mentioned, the formation of which, above all, has resorted to the English language. Then, abbreviations are mentioned, that can either be traced back to the non-Russian linguistic sign or have been created on the basis of the Russian translation. The so-called barbarisms have been taken over into the Russian language in their Latin notation. It is interesting to see how all these forms are used in word formation and embedded into grammatical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an index of abbreviations of terms including "Analecta Bollandiana", "Archivio Secreto Vaticano", and "Clavis Patrum Latinorum".

Copyright of Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung MIÖEG is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bibliographical abbreviations used in this volume

An index of abbreviations used in the Austrian history periodical "Mitteilungen des Instituts fuer Österreichische Geschichtsforschung MIÖEG" including the Archiv für Kulturgeschichte cultural archive, the history periodical "Austrian History Yearbook", and the Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom library in Rome, Italy.

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Bibliographical abbreviations used in this volume

Copyright of Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung MIÖEG is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)