Search

Ziel der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit ist die pollenmorphologische Untersuchung von fossilen Pollenkörnern der Haselbacher Serie in Deutschland. Das Alter dieser Pollenkörner wird dem Eozän (56 Millionen Jahre bis 33,9 Millionen Jahre vor Christus) zugeordnet. Für die Beschreibung der Pollenkörner wurde die Einzel-Korn Technik nach ZETTER (1989) angewendet. Diese Technik besteht aus einer kombinierten lichtmikroskopischen und rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchung. Zur Veranschaulichung der Aufnahmen dienen 15 systematisch geordnete Tafeln, deren Bilder über ein digitales Bildbearbeitungsprogramm aufbereitet und vermessen wurden. Es wurden insgesamt 11 verschiedene Familien, wie Cornaceae, Ericaceae, Theaceae und Juglandaceae, beschrieben. Durch diese Beschreibungen kann allerdings nur ein Bruchteil der Formenvielfalt und Florendiversität des Eozäns dargestellt werden. Außerdem können über die Familien Rückschlüsse auf das im Eozän herrschende Klima in Europa gezogen werden., In this thesis a morphological analysis was conducted on fossil pollen from the Haselbach series in Germany, a series dated back to the Eocene (56 million to 33,9 million years before Christ). In order to do the morphological analysis the single-grain technique in accord with ZETTER (1989) was used. This technique combines analysis under the light microscope as well as the scanning electron microscope. The pictures taken during the analysis were edited by an image processing program and then arranged into 15 plates. Moreover, these pictures served as basis for a detailed description and classification of the angiosperm and gymnosperm pollen grains. Especially the pictures of the scanning electron microscope proved useful in the classification, as the light microscopic images are rarely detailed enough to identify the family much less the genus. Altogether there were described 11 families, among which Cornaceae, Ericaceae and Juglandaceae might be the most prominent ones. However, the pollen grains selected only give an account of a very limited segment of the overall diversity of flora present during the Eocene. Through the sample selected inferences can be made about the climate of that time.

Hydroformylation of fluorinated alkenes is an efficient method for the preparation of fluorinated functionalized building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active target structures. In this article we summarize known hydroformylation reactions of fluorinated olefins and we add new results from our research groups. Particular attention is paid to the remarkable influence of organofluorine substituents on catalyst activity, regio- and stereoselectivity of the hydroformylation reaction.

The frequency of endoscopic procedures for management of Zenker's diverticulum has increased rapidly in the last years. Endoscopic methods are highly effective. We tried to answer the question whether the development of endoscopic methods means the end of open surgery.In this retrospective study 30 patients (11 men, 19 women) with an average age of 70.9 (49-88) years with Zenker's diverticulum (ZD) were included. All patients were treated with an open transcervical approach between October 2000 and July 2005. In all cases the region of ablation of the diverticulum was closed with a primary handmade suture. In two cases an additional myotomy was performed. For evaluation of the long-term results the patients were sent a questionnaire. To objectify the findings, all patients underwent postoperatively an X-ray examination of the esophagus. The literature was searched by PubMed.30 patients underwent 32 operations. 91 % of the inquired patients evaluated the operation as successful. An anastomotic leakage was observed in 3 patients, a lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred in 2 patients.Despite the rapid development of endoscopic methods the open surgical approach remains a reliable and minimal invasive solution of ZD with excellent results and low complication rate. In patients that cannot undergo endoscopic procedures the surgical approach represents the only therapeutic option. Therefore surgical training for repairing ZD is also necessary for the future.

Die hohen Kosten zur Aufreinigung von Biopharmazeutika könnten durch alternative Verfahrensschritte reduziert werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde hierzu die Proteinkristallisation im technischen Maßstab untersucht. Die maximale lokale Energiedissipation wurde als Kriterium zur Maßstabsvergrößerung im Rührkessel identifiziert. Für den untersuchten therapeutischen Antikörper konnten durch Optimierung des Leistungseintrags unter geeigneten Kristallisationsbedingungen innerhalb weniger Minuten 98 % Kristallausbeute im 1 L-Maßstab erzielt werden. Nach Entfernung Keimbildung inhibierender Salze gelang die Proteinkristallisation auch direkt aus der vorbehandelten Rohlösung, sodass ein neues Aufarbeitungsverfahren ohne teure Chromatografieschritte etabliert werden konnte. Abschließend konnte gezeigt werden, dass Antikörperkristalle mit gezielt eingestellter Kristallgröße zur stabilen Lagerung und effizienten Injektion verwendet werden können. High costs for purification of biopharmaceuticals may be reduced by alternative process steps. Hence, protein crystallization on a technical scale has been investigated in this work. For stirred tanks, the maximum local energy dissipation was identified as scale-up criterion. Using an optimized power input at appropriate crystallization conditions, a crystal yield of 98 % was already achieved within a few minutes for the investigated therapeutic antibody on a L-scale. Furthermore, protein crystallization was enabled directly from pretreated crude fermentation broth by the removal of salts inhibiting nucleation. Thus, a new purification process was established without the need for expensive chromatography steps. Finally, it was shown that antibody crystals with an adjusted crystal size could be used for stable storage and efficient injection.

Optimal surgical strategy in patients with combined disease of heart (mainly ischemic heart disease or critical valve disease) and other thoracic organs (mainly pulmonary carcinoma) is still controversial.From 1997 to 2004, 13 simultaneous cardiac and thoracic operations were performed in 13 patients. Most of them were necessary for combinations of symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) and bronchogenic carcinoma (BCA).11 patients showed CAD, mean preoperative LVEF was 44 %.Surgical exposure was performed via sternotomy in 10 patients, the rest of the patients underwent thoracotomy. Seven patients were operated on cardiopulmonary bypass, the others underwent an off-pump procedure. Eleven patients underwent CABG, mean number of anastomoses were 2.1 (range 1-4), two patients underwent aortic valve replacement. One patient underwent radical removal of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with local expansion into the left atrium. For the lung cancer lobectomy was necessary in 8, pneumectomy in 1, extirpation of multiple metastases in 1, resection of the trachea in 1 patient. Histological diagnosis was epidermoid carcinoma in 6, adenocarcinoma in 3, undifferentiated carcinoma in 1, metastasis of Grawitz tumor in 1, pneumoconiosis in 1 patient.No patient died in hospital. One patient had to be re-explored for bleeding. Mean blood loss, duration of intubation and length of hospital stay were not different from other patients who underwent cardiac operation only.In accordance with the majority of the data published in the literature, combined procedures did not negatively influence hospital morbidity and mortality. Simultaneous operations eliminate the necessity of a second operation and do not delay the postoperative oncological therapy. Long-term results are primarily determined by histological diagnosis and by the extent of the tumor.

The evaluation of the nuclear morphology for the diagnostic cytology of the various types of goiters with special regard to thyroid malignancy was studied. The material for the light microscopy was obtained from the goiters by means of aspiration biopsy with thin needle and that for electrone microscopy from the excision at the operation. Both the patterns of the nucleoli were compared. The nucleolus of the thyroid cell, like in other cells, is a marker of the RNA synthetic activity. Secondary it signals the intensity of the proteosynthetic activity, that means of secretory or proliferative processes. In thyroid cells, the increased activity has a different nucleolar pattern. For that reason the study of the nucleoli is very useful in differential diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. The cytochemical examination of the nucleoli by means of toluidine blue staining is in accord with the electron microscopic pattern, where the mutual relation of the fibrillar and granular components of RNA can be evaluated.

The authors employed the needle aspiration biopsy for the morphological diagnosis of thyroid malignancies of 2000 goitres. Only 3 false negative diagnoses out of 120 proved malignant tumours were done. The cytological signs of malignant thyroid cells were in the majority of cases so clear that the malignancy could be recognized without difficulty. None of the changes typical for malignant cells were found in benign euthyroid or hyperthyroid goitres. It was possible not only to recognize a malignant thyroid tumour, but also to judge the grade of its differentiation and to identify certain histological tumour types (Hürthle cell adenoma, papillary carcinoma) according to some special cytological signs. The demonstration of the nucleolar apparatus by means of a simple cytochemical technic proved to be a very useful indicator for the appreciation of the function, growth activity and malignant transformation of thyroid cells.

We could produce an acute respiratory insufficiency after injection of O2, CO2 or N2 into the arteria carotis. This resulted in apnea, increase of blood pressure, changes of respiratory rate and coma. The paralysis of the respiratory centre was reversible in some cases by artificial ventilation.

Two collectives of patients of the I. Gynecological-obstetrical clinic Praha/CSSR suffering from cervical cancer are examined after abdominal radical hysterectomy Wertheim-Meigs. Group 1 contained 125 women treated in the years 1957 to 1966, group 2 included 89 women undergoing the operation in the years 1981 to 1986. In group 2 we found a lower rate of perioperative injuries and early and late disturbances of the urinary tract following radical hysterectomy. This may be a result of more careful preparation of the ureter and intensive postoperative care. We examined 56 women of group 2 by urodynamics. There are statistical significant changes of the maximum urethral pressure and bladder compliance after the operation. This values returned to normal limits with increasing distance between operation and follow-up.

The activity of acid phosphatase in thyroid cells obtained by aspiration biopsy with thin needle was studied. The results were compared with those, found by a biochemical method in the operation material of the same cases. It has been proved that there is a significant difference between malignant tumours with cytochemically mostly positive acid phosphatase reaction and colloid adenomas with mostly negative reaction. The results obtained by biochemical method showed significant quantitative differences between malignant and benign tumours. The pattern of acid phosphatase subunits (isoenzymes) in the sera of patients with thyroid malignancies were pathologic and similar to those found in mammary cancers. It can be supposed that the behavior of acid phosphatase in thyreocytes depends on same metabolic properties, perhaps on some process characteristic for malignancy, e.g. growth activity. Even this finding of cytochemically positive acid phosphatase reaction cannot be awaited to be quite specific, it has proved as a useful marker signalizing the possibility of malignancy.

Mammography was performed in 427 healthy women and in 249 women with breast cancer. The types of breasts were clasified into 4 groups according to the age and period of life of women. The group of healthy women had analysis of the individual types of breast in a separate age periode different from those with breast cancer. On the basis of the information gathered, a screening of risk women could be undertaken and the percentage of incidency of breast cancer as well as that of unnecessary screening could be determined. The extent of screening is influenced by personnel and economic considerations.