Search

The development and application of digital interventions in health-related topics are gaining momentum in health service research. Digital interventions are often complex and need to be evaluated and implemented in complex settings. Due to their characteristics, this poses methodological challenges for health services research that have to be identified and addressed. Hence, the Working Group on Digital Health of the German Network for Health Services Research (DNVF) has prepared a discussion paper. This paper discusses methodological, practical and theoretical challenges associated with the development and evaluation of digital interventions from the perspective of health services research. Possible solutions are suggested and future research needs to address these methodological challenges are identified.Digitale Interventionen (DI) zu gesundheitsbezogenen Themen gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Oftmals sind sie komplexe Interventionen, die in einem komplexen Versorgungskontext evaluiert und implementiert werden. Aufgrund der Merkmale digitaler Interventionen ist die Versorgungsforschung vor methodische Herausforderungen gestellt. Daher hat die Arbeitsgruppe Digital Health des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) ein Diskussionspapier erstellt. Darin wird diskutiert, welche Herausforderungen mit der Entwicklung und Evaluation von DI einhergehen. Es werden Lösungsansätze und zukünftige Forschungsbedarfe aufgezeigt.

The methodological challenges of evaluating digital interventions (DI) for health services research are omnipresent. The Digital Health Working Group of the German Network for Health Services Research (DNVF) presented and discussed these challenges in a two-part discussion paper. The first part addressed challenges in definition, development and evaluation of DI. In this paper, which represents the second part, the definition of outcomes, reporting of results, synthesis of evidence, and implementation are addressed as methodological challenges of DI. Potential solutions are presented and the need to address these challenges in future research are discussed.Methodische Herausforderungen bei der Evaluation digitaler Interventionen (DI) sind für die Versorgungsforschung allgegenwärtig. Die Arbeitsgruppe Digital Health des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) hat in einem zweiteiligen Diskussionspapier diese Herausforderungen dargestellt und diskutiert. Im ersten Teil wurden begriffliche Abgrenzungen sowie die Entwicklung und Evaluation von DI thematisiert. In diesem zweiten Teil wird auf Outcomes, das Reporting von Ergebnissen, die Synthese der Evidenz sowie die Implementierung von DI eingegangen. Lösungsansätze und zukünftige Forschungsbedarfe zur Adressierung dieser Herausforderungen werden diskutiert.

Dieses Buch dokumentiert 10 Jahre Risk-Governance-Forschung an der Universität Siegen. In 50 Beiträgen reflektieren Forscher und Praktiker Risk Governance vor dem Hintergrund ihrer eigenen Forschungen und/oder Erfahrungen und geben jeweils einen Entwicklungsimpuls für die Zukunft der Risk Governance. Das Buch zeigt die große Bandbreite und Tiefe des Forschungsgebietes auf und diskutiert Grundannahmen, Implementierungsfragen, die Rolle der Risk Governance als Transformationsmotor, ihre Wirkung in den verschiedenen betrieblichen Funktionen, Entwicklungsperspektiven und den Beitrag der Risk Governance zu einer nachhaltigen Ausrichtung von Unternehmen., This book documents 10 years of risk governance research at the University of Siegen. In 50 contributions, researchers and practitioners reflect on risk governance against the background of their own research and/or experience and provide a development impetus for the future of risk governance. The book shows the wide range and depth of the research field and discusses basic assumptions, implementation issues, the role of risk governance as transformation engine, its impact in the various operational functions, development perspectives, and the contribution of risk governance to a sustainable orientation of companies.

Trotz staatlicher Programme sind in Indien 32 Prozent der Frauen aus Adivasi-Gemeinschaften chronisch unterernährt, Frauen anderer Bevölkerungsgruppen im Durchschnitt zu 23 Prozent. Die folgende Studie hat die Reichweite staatlicher Programme für Adivasi-Frauen im Gesundheitssektor in den Bundesstaaten Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand und Odisha untersucht und ging der Frage nach, inwieweit die Beteiligung der Adivasi-Frauen eine Rolle spielt, und welchen Effekt das haben könnte., Südasien, Bd. 39 Nr. 1 (2019): Gender-Fragen in Südasien

Hintergrund und Stand (inter)nationaler Forschung: Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) kennen tägliche Veränderungen ihrer Symptome und müssen bei Krankheitsschüben rechtzeitig reagieren. Sie sind aufgrund der Entzündung und immunsuppressiven Therapie Risikopatienten für[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 19. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung (DKVF)

Hintergrund: Patienten-Empowerment gewinnt zunehmend Bedeutung für die patientenzentrierte Versorgung in Gesundheitsnetzwerken und findet statt im Gesundheitssystem (Makroebene), in Gesundheitsnetzwerken Arzt/Therapeuten-Patienten-Gesprächen (Meso-Ebene) und beim individuellen Gesundheits-Krankheitsmanagement[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 18. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung (DKVF)

Summary In the present study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of similar and dissimilar friction stir welded joints of aluminium alloy (AlA) and pure copper (Cu) were evaluated at variable tool rotational speeds from 150 to 900 rpm in steps of 150 rpm at 60 mm/min travel speed and constant tilt angle 2°. The interfacial microstructures of the joints were characterised by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The Al 4 Cu 9 , AlCu, Al 2 Cu and Al 2 Cu 3 intermetallic compounds have been observed at the interface and stir zone region of dissimilar Al/Cu FSWed joints. Variation in the grain size was observed in the stir zone depending upon the heat input value. Axial force, traverse force and torque value were analysed with variation in tool rotational speed. Residual stresses were measured at the stir zone by X-ray diffraction technique. Maximum ultimate tensile strength of ∼75% of AlA strength for AlA–AlA joints has been obtained at 750 rpm and for Cu–Cu joint tensile strength of ∼100% of tensile strength of Cu was obtained at 300 rpm. However, for Cu–AlA joint when processed at 600 rpm tool rotational speed achieved maximum ultimate tensile strength of ∼77% of AlA.

Summary There are several techniques such as surface profilometry, advanced technique of electron microscopy and optical methods which have been used by researchers to determine the measurement of wear and it is found useful to understand the surface geometry of the material. In mining industries, wear is acute in rock crusher. This work explores the characterization of wear observed on the surface of liner material of roll crusher crushing coal. Wear characterization like ploughing, scratching, cavities has been observed on the surface of liners. To correlate wear characterization due to abrasion on roll crusher liner wear, experiments have been performed. To perform abrasive wear test, pin-shaped sample of liner material has been developed for the purpose of testing. The abrasive wear experiment was conducted using pin-on-disc tribometer. During the investigation, experiments based on full factorial design adopted from statistical modelling software. In this methodology, the input parameters like load, sliding distance, hardness of coal, hardness of liner material are taken into consideration, and weight loss was considered as the output response. The influence of each input parameters were examined to understand its effect for weight loss. The regression equation obtained from analysis of variance table was used for the prediction of weight loss. The regression equation developed was validated with the experimental results. The percentage error was observed less than ±10%.

The Year 2001 was probably one of the most eventful periods that the present inhabitants of this world had ever seen. It not only led the world into the next millenium but also brought about transformations into the world political and economic equations. The September 11 attack on the World Trade Centre in New York and the retaliatory attack by the USA on Talibans diverted the world's attention on Afghanistan as well as on India and Pakistans. The following months witnessed not only the flow of the world's prominent leaders, including German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, into South Asia but also policy announcements influencing the region., Indien - Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, 2002: Indien - Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft

Malaysia’s various ethnic groups make interesting study both sociologically and culturally. With such a heady mix of cultural elements to explore, it is often natural that the many groups stumble upon ‘rare gems’ that reflect their ‘Malaysianess’. Have Malaysians really ever appreciated the many and varied aspects of culture that they are seemingly suddenly thrown into? Do we embrace these happily or are we constantly rejecting them? Fortunately, through the medium of film, we are, from time to time, allowed to reflect on our obvious similarities and even more apparent disparities. In this paper, we explore the culture and perceptions of people from the major ethnic groups that are the human base of this very country. When was it we have last laughed at ourselves … heartily? Nasi Lemak 2.0 provides an interesting, if not disturbing insight into the workings of the Malaysian ‘mind’. Nasi Lemak 2.0 was released on 8th September 2011 and impacted a whole generation of Malaysians. The characters have been well chosen and have done a wonderful job of being representations of the various communities in this nation. Ethnocentrism is a reality and often rears its head, ‘ugly’ or otherwise in several situations. Are we able to grapple with the levels of ethnocentrism that we encounter? These are some of the issues that will trigger much debate and discussion among ourselves and perhaps also reflect our cores.

The encounter between engines and elephants was represented in colonialist writings as metaphors for ‘clash of civilizations’. Precisely because of this reason, the essay uses this binary to delve deeper into the train tales of India’s modernity. Peoples, technologies and places together made up India’s railway modernity. In events, claims and histories such as those of alleged British superiority and native ignorance lay the train tales of India’s modernity. In encounters between engines and elephants we find the everyday practices of this modernity. Institutions and their role in the process of nation-state building of course give us a bigger picture of political and social change. Laws, regulations and policies do speak about the intention of the state and the production of subjecthood (or the lack of it in some cases). But stories connected with quotidian matters, fantasies and imaginations, satire and rhetoric, and more importantly their retellings are no less powerful than factsheets of institutions to understand the complex encounters and adaptations that constitute modernity in its processual form. The power of steam was pitted against the force of Oriental beliefs. The essay, which makes use of a largely untapped rich visual archive available for railway studies, however argues that the tracks of modernity often did not erase the site of tradition. In place of simple framework of competition and co-existence it proposes to explore the transport modernity of India through regional and functional segmentation and dependence., Interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Südasienforschung, Nr. 1 (2016): Interdisziplinäre Zeitschrift für Südasienforschung

Hintergrund: Antibiotikaresistenzen sind ein weltweit zunehmendes Problem und überflüssige oder fehlerhafte Antibiotikaverordnungen gehören zu den Ursachen. Insbesondere bei Kindern werden häufig Antibiotika verordnet, dabei gibt es erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Ländern.[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 50. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin

Conventional medical curricula present information pertinent to chronic inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and transplantation, via systematic lectures and courses in medical specialties without any integrated approach. The authors report on a 3-week model course that attempts to provide students with an overview of clinical presentation, diagnostics, and therapy of representative disease entities with particular emphasis on the interdisciplinary approach to these problems in hospital practice. In addition to problem-based learning in small groups, the model course comprises interdisciplinary concept lectures, practical demonstrations of specific diagnostic procedures, and bedside teaching. In the meantime, the course "Problem-Based Learning--Inflammation and Transplantation" has been held twice successfully as a mandatory course in the clinical part of the curriculum at the Muenster Medical School.

Patients with progressive heart failure often suffer from sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Upon receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), there is an improvement of cardiac function and central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA) with Cheyne-Stokes respiration; however, effects of CRT on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome seemed to be without clinical relevance. Likewise, additional atrial overdrive pacing did not improve CRT effects relevantly in CSA patients. During CRT, there is an improvement in sleep parameters, sleep quality by reduction of depressive syndromes, and in long-term survival. Therefore, all patients with chronic heart failure and indication for CRT should be monitored regarding SDB before and after CRT device implantation.

Even at the beginning of the twenty-first century angiography still is the gold standard for imaging coronary arteries. Many limitations of this technique have facilitated advancements, such as quantitative coronary angiography and 3-dimensional reconstruction. The use of intravascular ultrasound has enabled a transmural in vivo imaging of the coronary arteries while creating cross-sectional images of the vessel wall. This led to a better evaluation of vascular plaques and the surrounding structures of the vessel. Optical coherence tomography is a new modality based on infrared light, which provides intraluminal and extraluminal imaging of vessels with a resolution of 10-20 µm, which is better than intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). However even this modern diagnostic tool is limited in the assessment of the relevance of an epicardial stenosis. Evaluation of the fractional flow reserve is a pathophysiological test, which measures the pressure before and after an epicardial stenosis and is able to assess the functional condition of a vessel with a high sensitivity and specificity. The so-called C-arm computed tomography (CACT; DynaCT Cardiac; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) is a new application of an intraprocedural technique based on rotation of an x-ray source around a patient. It is able to generate information similar to that created by conventional computed tomography (CT) scans and offers the possibility to significantly enhance angiographic diagnostic modalities.