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Abstract Background Host resilience (HR) to parasites can affect the performance of animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present a detailed investigation of the genetic mechanisms of HR to ticks (TICK), gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), and Eimeria spp. (EIM) in Nellore cattle that were raised under natural infestation and a prophylactic parasite control strategy. In our study, HR was defined as the slope coefficient of body weight (BW) when TICK, GIN, and EIM burdens were used as environmental gradients in random regression models. In total, 1712 animals were evaluated at five measurement events (ME) at an average age of 331, 385, 443, 498, and 555 days, which generated 7307 body weight (BW) records. Of the 1712 animals, 1075 genotyped animals were used in genome-wide association studies to identify genomic regions associated with HR. Results Posterior means of the heritability estimates for BW ranged from 0.09 to 0.54 across parasites and ME. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-derived heritability for BW at each ME ranged from a low (0.09 at ME.331) to a moderate value (0.23 at ME.555). Those estimates show that genetic progress can be achieved for BW through selection. Both genetic and genomic associations between BW and HR to TICK, GIN, and EIM confirmed that parasite infestation impacted the performance of animals. Selection for BW under an environment with a controlled parasite burden is an alternative to improve both, BW and HR. There was no impact of age of measurement on the estimates of genetic variance for HR. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with HR to EIM but none with HR to TICK and to GIN. These QTL contain genes that were previously shown to be associated with the production of antibody modulators and chemokines that are released in the intestinal epithelium. Conclusions Selection for BW under natural infestation and controlled parasite burden, via prophylactic parasite control, contributes to the identification of animals that are resilient to nematodes and Eimeria ssp. Although we verified that sufficient genetic variation existed for HR, we did not find any genes associated with mechanisms that could justify the expression of HR to TICK and GIN.

En el marco de la investigación desarrollada por el grupo GRIALE, una de las líneas más recientes se refiere al análisis del humor verbal infantil. Los diversos proyectos del grupo se han centrado en el estudio del tema en tres franjas etarias –de 8, 10 y 12 años– que abarcan la etapa de educación primaria. La investigación se fundamenta en el análisis de las narraciones humorísticas escritas que conforman el corpus CHILDHUM, actualmente en construcción. El etiquetaje pragmático de las muestras del CHILDHUM –más de 1000 en total para las tres franjas de edad– además de las variables sociolingüísticas habituales (edad, sexo, tipo de centro), incluye la aplicación del sistema de marcas e indicadores de humor (Ruiz Gurillo, 2012; Timofeeva Timofeev y Ruiz Gurillo, 2021) que actúan como soportes lingüísticos en la creación de la comicidad. El análisis de tales marcas e indicadores permite ver la correlación entre su uso y el nivel de maduración metalingüística de nuestros informantes. Asimismo, el etiquetaje pragmático de nuestro corpus ofrece la posibilidad de observar diversos aspectos psicosociales, relativos, por ejemplo, a los estilos de humor (Martin et al., 2003) o la autoestima (Pope et al., 1988; Hosogi et al., 2012), con lo cual podemos proporcionar datos desde la lingüística sobre los procesos madurativos de las diversas competencias humanas imbricadas de alguna manera en el complejo fenómeno del humor verbal.

This paper aims to show how a teleological model of reality and knowledge can be of aid in order to understand the connection between objective knowledge and subjective experience. The separation between them seems indeed to have been established by an opposite deterministic ontological and epistemological model within modern philosophy, which does not allow to explain the subjective relevance of objective knowledge and the objective relevance of subjective experience. In order to overcome this aporetic dichotomy, the paper will underline the actuality of the Aristotelian teleological conception of knowledge and experience and its heritage especially in contemporary philosophy.

Abstract Background To enhance and extend the knowledge about the global historical and phylogenetic relationships between Merino and Merino-derived breeds, 19 populations were genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip specifically for this study, while an additional 23 populations from the publicly available genotypes were retrieved. Three complementary statistical tests, Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations), XP-EHH (cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity), and runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands were applied to identify genomic variants with potential impact on the adaptability of Merino genetic type in two contrasting climate zones. Results The results indicate that a large part of the Merino’s genetic relatedness and admixture patterns are explained by their genetic background and/or geographic origin, followed by local admixture. Multi-dimensional scaling, Neighbor-Net, Admixture, and TREEMIX analyses consistently provided evidence of the role of Australian, Rambouillet and German strains in the extensive gene introgression into the other Merino and Merino-derived breeds. The close relationship between Iberian Merinos and other South-western European breeds is consistent with the Iberian origin of the Merino genetic type, with traces from previous contributions of other Mediterranean stocks. Using Rsb and XP-EHH approaches, signatures of selection were detected spanning four genomic regions located on Ovis aries chromosomes (OAR) 1, 6 and 16, whereas two genomic regions on OAR6, that partially overlapped with the previous ones, were highlighted by ROH islands. Overall, the three approaches identified 106 candidate genes putatively under selection. Among them, genes related to immune response were identified via the gene interaction network. In addition, several candidate genes were found, such as LEKR1, LCORL, GHR, RBPJ, BMPR1B, PPARGC1A, and PRKAA1, related to morphological, growth and reproductive traits, adaptive thermogenesis, and hypoxia responses. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive dataset that includes most of the Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds raised in different regions of the world. The results provide an in-depth picture of the genetic makeup of the current Merino and Merino-derived breeds, highlighting the possible selection pressures associated with the combined effect of anthropic and environmental factors. The study underlines the importance of Merino genetic types as invaluable resources of possible adaptive diversity in the context of the occurring climate changes.

This article is a broad personal reflection about the language of chemistry, deriving from decades of experience in both research and teaching. The three levels of thought as represented by the Johnstone triangle, a critical attitude towards systematic nomenclature, the concept of pure substance, and the central significance of structural formulas as the most prominent form of representation in chemistry, are the main topics discussed. The chemical transliteration of the Platonic solids is presented as a mean of expression unique to chemistry.

Maasiana Bernensia (I): Sul Dyskolos di Menandro Un’edizione delle note e congetture di Paul Maas al Dyskolos di Menandro, accompagnata da una contestualizzazione degli estratti delle sue lettere al collega e amico Willy Theiler (1958–1959) sulla storia editoriale del testo. Maasiana Bernensia (I): On Menander’s Dyskolos An edition of Paul Maas’s thoughts and conjectures on Menander’s Dyskolos, along with a contextualisation of relevant extracts from his letters to his colleague and friend Willy Theiler (1958–1959) about the editorial history of that text.

Pensar desde el mal es un libro de filosofía política y de ética, donde se lleva a cabo una crítica algo acre de las instituciones y creencias del tiempo presente, por lo que las reflexiones allí contenidas son a modo de diagnóstico en un cuerpo de ideas que tienen una matriz histórica e incluso sociológica. No se trata en absoluto de una obra de ciencias sociales, sino de la ejecución de un tipo de discurso donde la historia política y el análisis de los acontecimientos sociales se desarrollan en extraña convivencia con una gran diversidad de recursos argumentativos, algo propio de la hermenéutica filosófica.

En este trabajo se presenta una interpretación sobre la célebre distinción entre el intelecto activo y el intelecto pasivo en De anima III, 5, a partir de “otra modesta propuesta”. Para ello, se expone el núcleo fundamental de esa reciente propuesta, que identifica el intelecto activo con el hábito de los principios y con el contenido de los primeros principios. A continuación, se ponen de manifiesto algunas objeciones a dicha interpretación y, finalmente, se analizan las notas o características del intelecto activo presentes en el texto de Aristóteles. El propósito de este artículo consiste en mostrar una posible comprensión del intelecto activo de Aristóteles, con la intención de que se convierta en una “aún más modesta propuesta”.

Resumo O artigo se interessa pela discussão de determinados usos políticos que a Administração de Eduardo Paes empreendeu em relação ao passado carioca durante o período de dois mandatos consecutivos em que esteve à frente da prefeitura da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (2009-2016). Para tanto, ancorado na problematização dos diferentes lugares de memória e suas relações com aquilo que é fabricado e ensinado pelos historiadores em suas operações historiográficas, concentra as atenções no Projeto Porto Maravilha, que despontou dentro dos festejos dos 450 anos da cidade, comemorados em 2015. Tal efeméride concorreu tanto para a mobilização de esforços de apagamento de dimensões e obras públicas relacionadas ao período da ditadura militar quanto para a emergência de outras histórias para a cidade e sua gente.

Studies on the Prussian writer and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt and editions of his work are abundant. Among the many outstanding chapters of his famous journey through the American tropics, the two visits to Cuba (1800–1801/1804) stand out as a particular case. To this day very few original documents are known about his actual visits, the colonial sources that informed him and the history of his reception. This is due, in large part, to the fact that documentary sources are difficult to access. To overcome this difficulty, the Project Humboldt Digital was born in 2019, a cooperation project carried out between Havana and Berlin, whose main objective is to publish a collection of texts related to Humboldt’s stay in Cuba. In this article we aim to explain how our digital scholarly editions have been created from a methodological point of view. After outlining the origins, we present the workflow developed between the Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana and the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities to digitize, describe, publish, edit and preserve in digital format a collection of previously selected texts. Also, we describe the model of data representation in TEI format, as well as the tools employed to encode and publish the editions. Finally, we analyze the first editorial results obtained and offer some conclusions on the main challenges faced.

The RXN for Chemistry project, initiated by IBM Research Europe – Zurich in 2017, aimed to develop a series of digital assets using machine learning techniques to promote the use of data-driven methodologies in synthetic organic chemistry. This research adopts an innovative concept by treating chemical reaction data as language records, treating the prediction of a synthetic organic chemistry reaction as a translation task between precursor and product languages. Over the years, the IBM Research team has successfully developed language models for various applications including forward reaction prediction, retrosynthesis, reaction classification, atom-mapping, procedure extraction from text, inference of experimental protocols and its use in programming commercial automation hardware to implement an autonomous chemical laboratory. Furthermore, the project has recently incorporated biochemical data in training models for greener and more sustainable chemical reactions. The remarkable ease of constructing prediction models and continually enhancing them through data augmentation with minimal human intervention has led to the widespread adoption of language model technologies, facilitating the digitalization of chemistry in diverse industrial sectors such as pharmaceuticals and chemical manufacturing. This manuscript provides a concise overview of the scientific components that contributed to the prestigious Sandmeyer Award in 2022

The aim of this article, while reviewing part of my research activities, is to illustrate the somewhat chaotic way leading from one specific topic to another – from e.g. ferrocenyl ligands for asymmetric catalysis, to asymmetric fluorination, to reagents for perfluoroalkylation, just to mention some of the most fruitful ones. That the way meandering through several areas of research in chemical synthesis can be described as chaotic is not primarily due to my inability to plan the work of my research group. In the contrary, it is argued that academic research, viewed as mean to educating and forming young researchers, should resist the temptation towards an increasing projectification, milestone mentality, the myth of societal relevance, and consciously aim for a more anarchical trait, much in the sense of Feyerabend’s “anything goes”.

The 15th century was a turning point for the Church after a period of decline that threatened its spiritual foundations and social credibility. Translation played a decisive role at the time, making reality the spirit of reform in the religious institution. Translation was the medium in which the Church relied to introduce new ideas based on humanism, promote theology, and serve as a bridge in the evangelical mission, within and outside the borders of the kingdom. Its practice reached great goals among the religious and made it possible to publicize fundamental texts of the Bible, theology, philosophy, literature, and science of renowned European authors.

La necesidad de llevar a cabo un análisis de la situación lingüística se hace necesaria en cada etapa del desarrollo de la sociedad multinacional y multicultural en el momento en el que aparece un problema de elección de los medios de comunicación que posibilite el entendimiento recíproco entre los hablantes y regule su vida social. En general, entendemos la situación lingüística como un sistema jerárquico propio de las lenguas (como sistemas lingüísticos) y las formas de su existencia elaborado para el tiempo actual en un territorio influido por factores lingüísticos, geográficos, demográficos, sociológicos, sociohistóricos, culturales, políticos, económicos, etc. La situación lingüística del Paraguay se ha asociado tradicionalmente con el fenómeno del bilingüismo. Sin embargo, hay que destacar que de facto dicha situación se ve como una situación metalingüística que se ha formado sobre la base de la coexistencia de varias culturas – indígenas y europeas – a lo largo de la historia hasta hoy.

Resumo Na profusão textual derivada da prensa de Gutenberg, Comenius e Montaigne elaboram reflexões pedagógicas que, de forma mais ou menos evidente, debruçam-se sobre a diversidade de opiniões e de interpretações e propõem como lidar com ela. O primeiro busca neutralizá-la afirmando a palavra divina como única e, portanto, critério para a definição do que é pertinente no interior das escolas; o segundo aposta na "frequentação do mundo" e na potência que essa variedade tem de dar contornos mais modestos e responsáveis àquilo que se sabe. Neste artigo, pretende-se apresentar esses dois encaminhamentos com vistas a refletir sobre como podem contribuir para pensar a sala de aula contemporânea também atravessada por múltiplos discursos, verdadeiros ou não, oriundos das tecnologias digitais.

The present article compares Ernst Jünger’ and Simone Weil’s thought, starting from the concepts of work and worker. Work takes on the meaning of a meticulous exercise of reading and modifying the reality and its stratifications, and coincides with the position of the human being within the becoming of forms and meanings. Both thinkers maintain that the worker can reach a higher stage, i.e., the void that affirms the divine grace, according to Weil, and the anarchic space that captures the elemental, according to Jünger. Despite the similarities, there is a crucial difference between these perspectives: according to Jünger, the fulfilment consists in the dominion, while for Weil fulfilment coincides with radical waiting.

Il presente contributo analizza il ruolo giocato dai segni del potere imperiale ed in particolare delle insegne nei riti di elezione fra IV e VI secc.. Questa ricerca applica le conoscenze in materia archeologica, antropologica e storica. Si racconta il rituale di elezione e si risolvono le questioni circa i problemi di rappresentazione dell’augusto nelle cerimonie d’ascesa. In questo modo si vagliano le strategie di comunicazione che modellano i protocolli di creazione degli augusti.

Chemistry is a science fundamentally characterized by the ability of making its own study objects. Chemistry's unique sign language and representations of structural formulas are highly predictive tools. These aspects, together with the richness of qualitative models, make chemistry highly attractive for philosophical studies. However, philosophy of chemistry is, within the philosophy of science, a still relatively young discipline.

Una lectura atenta acerca de El equilibrista imperfecto, de Lluís Talavera, nos revela las claves de temática variada de sus microrrelatos, presididos por la resistencia, la rebeldía y el vacío. Pero, más allá de estas referencias, sus historias evidencian cómo la esperanza es una herramienta que fundamenta la verdad y cuestiona la realidad de la existencia reconocida.

Haber existencial presenta en español tanto casos de discordancia con su argumento (hubo fiestas) como de concordancia (hubieron fiestas). La RAE y ASALE (2009: 3063) señalan que la concordancia de haber en plural está hoy en expansión en español, mientras que Fernández Soriano y Táboas Baylín, (1999) afirman que, en Latinoamérica, la concordancia es la norma. Estas afirmaciones deben ser aquilatadas con los resultados de estudios sociolingüísticos, que han sido numerosos tanto en España como en América. Sin embargo, resultan difícilmente comparables porque se han basado en distintos corpus y metodologías. Solo aquellos que parten del Proyecto PRESEEA comparten variables y metodología, y, por tanto, pueden proporcionar materiales más realistas acerca del uso de haber concordado. Los resultados de estos estudios apuntan a que las categóricas afirmaciones de las gramáticas de referencia han de ser matizadas, puesto que la división entre el español de América y el de Europa no es el factor determinante en la tasa de concordancia.

This contribution intends to address the decisive theme of the relationship between ‘juridical experience’ and war in Giuseppe Capograssi. Like any philosophy of praxis, he has to contend with the age of catastrophe, without accessing either edifying interpretations, in its various ideological modalities, of ‘false consciousness’, of having to be, or accessing the various forms of nihilism. Thus, the tragic awareness of the presence of war in human and juridical experience is dialectically connected, in the second half of the twentieth century, with the presentation of principles and criteria of ‘truth’ in the history of the world through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The article presents the results of the work that has been carried out by an international team of partners from Poland, Italy, Spain, and Turkey as part of the Erasmus+ project entitled Interculturality – Intercultural Competence Development for International Business Environment. The project aimed to develop materials enabling educators to improve intercultural competences of adults by means of a training program and Continuing Professional Development course which are offered as open educational resources. Main issues and areas that constitute intercultural competences, important for people working in the international environment, were identified on the basis of scientific literature analysis. The final results of the project were achieved through the examination of training courses dedicated to developing intercultural competences that are available on the European market, consultations with representatives of international enterprises, gaps identification, preparation of the training program as well as pilot testing of the developed materials. Project results and the work that has been done in the transnational partnership of the Erasmus+ project highlight the importance of developing intercultural competences in the context of managing multicultural organisations.

El cumplido se comporta, en ocasiones, como una especie de mentira piadosa y, a la vez, necesaria; con su utilización no pretendemos otra cosa que reforzar la relación y mantener la cordialidad. Se observa la mayor utilización femenina del cumplido.

La iconicidad en el lenguaje (que incluye conceptos como lo natural o la motivación en el lenguaje) es un tema que está adquiriendo cada día más interés en el campo de la investigación lingüística y que prueba la importancia de las bases biológicas del lenguaje. Este fenómeno afecta a los diferentes niveles del lenguaje, y especialmente al nivel fonológico. En este artículo presentamos ejemplos de iconicidad relacionados con el nivel fonológico que tienen que ver con el simbolismo expresivo, e intentamos demostrar sobre todo cómo la entonación influye en la interpretación semántica y pragmática de los enunciados desde los principios de la motivación lingüística.

Intense efforts have been devoted to developing green and blue centralised Haber-Bosch processes (gHB and bHB, respectively), but the feasibility of a decentralised and sustainable scheme has yet to be assessed. Here we reveal the conditions under which small-scale systems based on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrogen (eN2R) powered by photovoltaic energy (NH3-leaf) could become a competitive technology in terms of environmental criteria. To this end, we calculated energy efficiency targets based on solar irradiation atlases to guide research in the incipient eN2R field. Even under this germinal state, the NH3-leaf technology would compete favourably in sunny locations relative to the business-as-usual production scenario. The disclosed sustainability potential of NH3-leaf makes it a strong ally of gHB toward a non-fossil ammonia production.

Resumo O artigo trata do movimento de estudantes paulistas que, em 2015, ocuparam 219 escolas contra o projeto de “reorganização” do sistema escolar estadual, com o objetivo de analisar fatores que explicam sua emergência e disseminação. Os dados, gerados por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram analisados com base nos conceitos de ciclos de protesto, repertórios de contestação e “cidadanismo”. Destaca-se, nos resultados, a aproximação entre diversas redes de ativistas e estudantes. Essas redes, influenciadas pelos repertórios do ciclo global de protestos dos anos 2010, desenvolveram as principais táticas do movimento – atos, ocupações e trancamentos – e catalisaram experiências, expectativas e demandas latentes entre adolescentes.

El Sefer ha-Qabbalah, el Libro de la Tradición de Abraham ibn Daud es una crónica sefardí de los hitos fundamentales de la historia del pueblo judío. El estudio de Ibn Daud es una historiografía donde lo cronológico queda acotado dentro de un ámbito referencial de amplia magnitud y trascendencia: su significación soteriológica. El historiador, Ibn Daud, acoge en su crónica un conjunto de mitologemas que convierten a la historia en una mitología actualizada y al futuro en esperanza. Nuestro propósito en este artículo es reflejar el énfasis de Ibn Daud por mostrar a Sefarad como un mito y como estadio anterior a un futuro cuyo cumplimiento ese propio mito convierte en cercano.

One of the methodological conclusions of the prospective studies is that the acceleration of social changes, in association with the greater density of interrelationships in a globalized world, results in a greater frequency of crises. Crises that feed each other increasing their intensity and amplitude of effects. Crises are defined by their causes, as well as by the type, extent, and intensity of the damage they cause, although they all share one element in common: uncertainty. Uncertainty is an emotion that, according to various psychological theories, is the generator of other emotions that are activated secondarily. Emotions such as fear, frustration, or anger. The way in which emotions affect the perception and assessment of the intervention and control exercised by the State over social life is of fundamental interest. Particularly in the potential processes of legitimation of political movements based essentially on emotional mobilization. An empirical investigation is presented here on the emotional effects generated in European societies by the 2020 pandemic crisis. Using data from the survey ZA7738, and after a critical analysis of the measurement of emotions in comparative research, a study of the relational structure of emotions is carried out. Two clusters of emotions are determined: the uncertainty-fear dimension and a second dimension of a polar nature with anger-frustration at one end and hope at the opposite. Both constructs are consistent with the emotional models considered in psychology. Finally, a structural model is specified and adjusted relating the emotional dimensions with the opinions about economy, health, and freedom. The variable that measures having been, planning to be or not expecting to be economically affected by the pandemic crisis shows significant explanatory power for frustration, opposition to the restriction of freedoms for health reasons or that the measures cause greater economic damage than the health benefits. In an opposite sense, uncertainty and fear explain a greater acceptance of the restriction of freedoms for health reasons, the opinion that the health benefit is greater than the economic damage, as well as reinforcing the emotions of anger and frustration.

The paper deals with a topic particularly relevant in the current international sociological debate such as the varieties of capitalisms and their evolutions. In particular, looking at the Italian experience, in a context of increasing uncertainty and inequalities, it focuses attention to the main socio-economic changes and their impact on economy and society, searching for a more equal, sustainable and inclusive model of capitalism. These changes induced the scholars to talk about a new “great transformation” by adopting the famous expression of Karl Polanyi, used to describe the birth of the market economy. Starting from the literature and available data, the paper suggests new possible paths as well as complementary or even alternative practices that keep together economy and society in order to start a new age of a more sustainable, social and inclusive capitalism. The central idea is that self-regulating markets do not perfectly work; their deficiencies, not only in their internal workings, but also in their consequences for less advantaged people, are so great that the state intervention becomes necessary and that the pace of change is of central importance in determining these consequences. We argue that a paradigm shift is urgently needed, but this will certainly take time and a new governance which requires the involvement of several key political, economic and social actors such as international organizations, national governments, economic organizations along with social movements and no-profit organisations embedded at national and local level.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio de doble naturaleza cualitativo-cuantitativa basado en la exploración y el análisis de los datos pertenecientes a la base de datos Fonocortesía (www.fonocortesia.es), que recoge 278 secuencias de habla espontánea (des)corteses derivadas del proyecto Fonocortesía (FFI2009-07034-FILO), desarrollado entre 2009-2013. Tales secuencias (des)corteses, analizadas y sometidas a revisión conjunta por el equipo investigador del mencionado proyecto, han sido procesadas con la herramienta Oralstats (https://github.com/acabedo/oralstats) capaz de desarrollar el análisis estadístico inferencial y la visualización exploratoria de bases de datos. Los datos, pues, se han sometido a un análisis objetivo mediante una técnica de exploración factorial que combina datos cuantitativos y datos cualitativos: el análisis factorial de datos mixtos (AFDM). Aun y la enorme variación detectada en los datos, los resultados generales apuntan a la relación de los casos de descortesía con valores altos de F0 y tonema ascendente, si bien en ocasiones también se aprecian casos de cortesía asociados a valores altos de F0.

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This contribution intends to retrace some themes of Franco Cassano’s work and his interpretation of the South connected to all the South of the world, for the construction of ‘meridian thought’. After a determination of the methodological basis of his research and of the critique of each monistic model in the social sciences, the fundamental characteristics of meridian thought are presented as a claim for the autonomy of the South and as critical thinking of moments that characterize modernity. Finally, it is noted that one of the fundamental purposes of his research is constituted by the theoretical-practical definition of a ‘new universality’ that emancipates itself from the ‘evil infinity of domination’ and from the idea of the ‘conflict between civilizations’

La multitud se ha convertido en un elemento político importante en la actualidad, y el videojuego ha recogido el testigo y se ha encargado de representarla y de hacerla un personaje más en sus obras. En el presente trabajo se van a abordar una serie de obras recientes que implementan a la multitud como personaje jugable para observar el modo en nos representamos como colectivo en ellas. No sólo hay que tener en cuenta el avance técnico que supone la representación dinámica de una pluralidad de individuos que se mueven conjuntamente, sino también -y sobre todo- la forma en que se representa a la multitud como sujeto político, que es, a fin de cuentas, una representación de la realidad.