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This study explores the difficulties on grammatical representation descriptions of Spanish Imperfect meanings by 54 first language Russian learners of Spanish with advanced proficiency levels and a control group of 18 Spanish native speakers. The results from the on-line acceptability judgments task the participants carried out indicated that interpretations of aspectual meanings typical of the Spanish Imperfect had been formed in the non-native speaker’s grammar. Moreover, a general tendency to over-accept non-adequate Preterite sentences was observed in non-native Spanish speaker groups. Furthermore, the findings revealed that progressive meaning represented a greater challenge for Russian learners of Spanish with upper-intermediate proficiency level, whereas at more advanced levels the perceptions of this meaning became closer to that of Spanish native speakers. However, the accuracy and sensitivity scores on lexical aspectual classes evidenced a persistent difficulty for non-native speakers in non-prototypical lexical-grammatical aspect combinations, which suggested a possible remaining effect of L1 transfer

The household chemistry and cosmetics industry is searching for more environmentally friendly ingredients to reduce environmental pollution. The Biopolax BPX-S6 additives are plant-based, biodegradable, and dermatologically safe ingredients that can be used as a base or additive for cleaning agents. They are derived from natural polysaccharides and do not contain harmful components such as phosphates and phosphonates. The Biopolax additives enhance the cleaning effect of surfactants and are easily biodegradable. They are used in household and personal care products to reduce harmful components and improve cleaning effectiveness. Experiments were conducted with aeration tanks operating under typical conditions of biological wastewater treatment plants. A BPX additive was added to the experimental aeration tank, while the control aeration tank remained unchanged. The results showed that the BPX additive was rapidly and completely degraded by microorganisms and belongs to the rapidly degradable substances of the first class. It was recommended to develop formulations for household and personal care products with rapidly degradable ingredients to prevent water pollution. The BPX additives are also suitable for products with Ecolabel and/or Ecocert formulations. A Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT) was conducted to evaluate the allergic potential of a test product. The test product was applied to the skin three times a week for a period of three weeks. No pathological skin reactions were observed, and the test product showed good skin compatibility. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the cosmetic hand wash gel with BPX additives does not have any skin irritating, allergenic, or sensitizing effects. The BPX additives can be used in various concentrations in different types of cosmetic products and household chemicals. [Extracted from the article]