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The accurate measurement of flow parameters often depends on sensor accessibility. Optical flow assessment techniques, such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV), are limited to optically transparent media. However, many industrial processes involve opaque media, necessitating alternative methods. This study presents the development and application of X-ray Particle Tracking Velocimetry (XPTV) to investigate flows within such media. Specifically, the flow inside a nozzle of a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printer was examined. A novel contribution of this work is the first-time analysis of heated flow using XPTV, achieved by introducing tungsten powder as a contrast agent in the polymer flow. The study successfully visualized a parabolic velocity profile, demonstrating the method’s efficacy.

Phan Boi Chau (1867 -1940) foi um conhecido patriota, intelectual, revolucionário, escritor, poeta e educador. O pensamento patriótico de Phan Boi Chau combina pontos de vista sobre a libertação nacional e o desenvolvimento do país do Oriente e do Ocidente com a tradição cultural única das valentes batalhas e sacrifícios do povo vietnamita contra os invasores, a fim de abordar questões históricas e sociais. Suas crenças patrióticas são profundas e profundas em muitos aspectos e, além de compartilharem alguns traços históricos, também possuem qualidades únicas que captam a essência da época.

ChatGPT – a large language model – recently passed the U.S. bar exam. The startling rise and power of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT lead us to consider whether and how more specialized systems could be used to overcome existing barriers to the legal system. Such systems could be employed in either of the two major stages of the pursuit of justice: preliminary information gathering and formal engagement with the state’s legal institutions and professionals. We focus on the former and argue that developing and deploying publicly funded AI legal advisors can reduce economic and shame-based cultural barriers to the information-gathering stage of pursuing justice.

This article looks at how the description of existing material elements (environments and objects) could be used to both cultivate past memories and create new memories for the future, with the ultimate goal of generating a sense of community between individuals who lived apart from each other. It will take as case-study two letters sent by Ansellus, then cantor of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, to the cathedral chapter of Notre-Dame in Paris around 1120, which attest in an exceptional way the various means which could be employed to reach this goal, from a skillful use of rhetoric to the sharing of gifts (in this case, of relics) and of knowledge connected, from the circulation of envoys to the establishment of a confraternity of prayer.

Abstract Background Genetic analysis of gene expression level is a promising approach for characterizing candidate genes that are involved in complex economic traits such as meat quality. In the present study, we conducted expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) analyses based on RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) data from the longissimus muscle of 189 Duroc × Luchuan crossed pigs in order to identify some candidate genes for meat quality traits. Results Using a genome-wide association study based on a mixed linear model, we identified 7192 cis-eQTL corresponding to 2098 cis-genes (p ≤ 1.33e-3, FDR ≤ 0.05) and 6400 trans-eQTL corresponding to 863 trans-genes (p ≤ 1.13e-6, FDR ≤ 0.05). ASE analysis using RNAseq SNPs identified 9815 significant ASE-SNPs in 2253 unique genes. Integrative analysis between the cis-eQTL and ASE target genes identified 540 common genes, including 33 genes with expression levels that were correlated with at least one meat quality trait. Among these 540 common genes, 63 have been reported previously as candidate genes for meat quality traits, such as PHKG1 (q-value = 1.67e-6 for the leading SNP in the cis-eQTL analysis), NUDT7 (q-value = 5.67e-13), FADS2 (q-value = 8.44e-5), and DGAT2 (q-value = 1.24e-3). Conclusions The present study confirmed several previously published candidate genes and identified some novel candidate genes for meat quality traits via eQTL and ASE analyses, which will be useful to prioritize candidate genes in further studies.

"In this symposium review, three agricultural and environmental researchers discuss the book Nature and the Environment in Amish Life by David McConnell and Marilyn Loveless, both of the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio. McConnell is an anthropology professor and co-author of Amish Paradox (2010, Johns Hopkins University Press) and has published his research in Human Organization, Anthropology and Education Quarterly, and the Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies (JAPAS) (Moledina, et al. 2014). Loveless is a biology emeritus professor; this is her first academic publication about the Amish. Our reviewers offer a variety of reactions to this book. The first reviewer, historian Steven Reschly, is a founding board member of the Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies and is currently assistant editor. He has written on Amish agricultural history in The Amish on the Iowa Prairie (2000, Johns Hopkins University Press) and in articles in Agricultural History, Mennonite Quarterly Review, JAPAS, and others. Scot Long completed his Ph.D. in anthropology at Ohio State University, having conducted extensive research on Amish farm households in southeastern Holmes County, OH. He has also published in JAPAS (Long and Moore 2014) about the impact of the environmental landscape on Amish church districts. Caroline Brock completed her Ph.D. in envirnoment and resources at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Her research focuses on theoretical models for understanding Amish responses to agriculture and the environment, including organic dairy adoption and water quality conservation practices. Her research has appeared in Environmental Management, Society & Natural Resources, Journal of Rural Studies, Sustainability, JAPAS, and other outlets. She recently worked as a senior research associate at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, OH. This book will certainly generate many conversations and hopefully inspire further research into the Amish relationships with agriculture and the environment. [Abstract by editor]"

Die Diterpensynthase AfAS wurde aus Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis identifiziert. Ihre Aminosäuresequenz und – einem Strukturmodell zufolge – die Architektur des aktiven Zentrums sind denen der Fusicocca‐2,10(14)‐dien‐Synthase PaFS sehr ähnlich, AfAS produziert jedoch ein strukturell viel komplexeres Diterpen mit einem neuartigen 6–5–5–5 tetracyclischen Gerüst namens Asperfumen. Der Cyclisierungsmechanismus von AfAS wurde durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente und DFT‐Rechnungen aufgeklärt. Die Reaktionskaskade verläuft in ihren ersten Schritten über ähnliche Intermediate wie die PaFS‐Kaskade, divergiert dann aber durch einen ungewöhnlichen vicinalen Deprotonierungs‐Reprotonierungsprozess, der eine Skelettumlagerung am Startpunkt der Stufen auslöst, die zum einzigartigen Asperfumen‐Gerüst führen. Das Strukturmodell zeigte nur einen wesentlichen Unterschied zwischen den aktiven Zentren: Der PaFS‐Rest F65 ist in AfAS durch I65 ersetzt. Interessanterweise zeigten ortsspezifische Mutageneseexperimente mit beiden Diterpensynthasen, dass Position 65 als bidirektionaler funktioneller Schalter für die Biosynthese von tetracyclischem Asperfumen im Vergleich zu strukturell weniger komplexen Diterpenen dient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gläser von metallorganischen Gerüstverbindungen (MOF‐Gläser), die für ihr Potenzial bei der Gastrennung, in der Optik und als Festkörperelektrolyte bekannt sind, profitieren von der Verarbeitbarkeit ihres (unterkühlten) flüssigen Zustands. Traditionell werden MOF‐Gläser durch Erhitzen von MOF‐Kristallen über ihren Schmelzpunkt und anschließendes Abkühlen des flüssigen MOF auf Raumtemperatur unter einer inerten Atmosphäre hergestellt. Diese Technik des Schmelzquenchens ist zwar effektiv, erfordert aber aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen einen hohen Energieaufwand. Außerdem schränkt es den Spielraum für die Entwicklung neuer Materialien ein, da nur die thermisch hochstabilen Kombinationen von Metallionen und Linkern in Frage kommen. Eine Alternative, das mechanische Mahlen bei Raumtemperatur, hat sich als geeignet erwiesen, MOF‐Kristalle in amorphe Phasen umzuwandeln. Die spezifischen Bedingungen, unter denen diese amorphen Phasen ein glasähnliches Verhalten zeigen, sind jedoch noch nicht bekannt. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir die mechanochemische Amorphisierung und Verglasung einer Vielzahl von zeolithischen Imidazolat‐Gerüstverbindungen (ZIFs) mit verschiedenen Linkern und unterschiedlichen Metallionen (Zn2+, Co2+ und Cu2+) bei Raumtemperatur. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ZIFs, die schmelzbar sind, durch Kugelmahlen erfolgreich in Gläser umgewandelt werden können. Bemerkenswerterweise können auch einige nicht schmelzbare ZIFs mit Hilfe der Kugelmahltechnik verglast werden, wie die Herstellung des ersten ZIF‐Glases mit Cu2+‐Ionen zeigt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In popular culture, the stereotypically iconized “geek” can be identified in different media narratives from mainstream television to magazines. Drawing upon insights from sociolinguistics and business communication studies, this paper attempts to identify the discursive constructs of “being geek” in Chinese digital business communication. By collecting the discourse data of online customer reviews from amazon.cn and analyzing the data based on the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, the study investigates how linguistic mechanisms operate in the shaping of geek culture and the construction of “being geek” in the participatory communication of business. The results revealed lexical variables and generic intertextuality are prominent in the discourse construction of “being geek”, to create a stimulus for a promotional culture in business communication.

From the perspective of empirical research, this paper conducts a specificstudy on the core competencies of college counselors. 450 participants from 4universities participated the research. A questionnaire of college counselors’ corecompetencies from the aspects of the design of open questionnaire was designedand implemented, a predictive questionnaire was tested and analyzed, and aformal questionnaire was implemented. The results of the formal questionnaireshow that component one mainly concerns ideological awareness and values,component two mainly concerns professional ethics, moral accomplishment,quality, character and attitude, while component three refers to various abilities atwork, and component four involves professional and cultural knowledge. Throughanalysis and discussion, it is concluded that the key elements of college counselors’core competencies include values, moral quality, vocational ability and culturalknowledge, and a structural model of their core competencies is constructed.

Abstract Background Sex-linked slow (SF) and fast (FF) feathering rates at hatch have been widely used in poultry breeding for autosexing at hatch. In chicken, the sex-linked K (SF) and k+ (FF) alleles are responsible for the feathering rate phenotype. Allele K is dominant and a partial duplication of the prolactin receptor gene has been identified as the causal mutation. Interestingly, some domesticated turkey lines exhibit similar slow- and fast-feathering phenotypes, but the underlying genetic components and causal mutation have never been investigated. In this study, our aim was to investigate the molecular basis of feathering rate at hatch in domestic turkey. Results We performed a sequence-based case–control association study and detected a genomic region on chromosome Z, which is statistically associated with rate of feathering at hatch in turkey. We identified a 5-bp frameshift deletion in the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene that is responsible for slow feathering at hatch. All female cases (SF turkeys) were hemizygous for this deletion, while 188 controls (FF turkeys) were hemizygous or homozygous for the reference allele. This frameshift mutation introduces a premature stop codon and six novel amino acids (AA), which results in a truncated PRLR protein that lacks 98 C-terminal AA. Conclusions We present the causal mutation for feathering rate in turkey that causes a partial C-terminal loss of the prolactin receptor, and this truncated PRLR protein is strikingly similar to the protein encoded by the slow feathering K allele in chicken.

Intelligente Assistenzsysteme können einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Lebensqualität von Menschen im Alter zu erhalten bzw. zu steigern. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der demographischen Entwicklung ist es notwendig, geeingnete technische Assistenzsysteme auch für die Gruppe der älteren und alten Menschen zu entwicklen und nutzbar zu machen. Einen Schwerpunkt bilden dabei Mobilitätsassistenzroboter, die die Mobilität von älteren und alten Menschen wiederherstellen oder zumindest ihren Verlust verlangsamen können. Assistenzroboter, die auf die speziellen Bedürfnisse der älteren Bevölkerung zugeschnitten sind, befinden sich derzeit noch in der Forschungs- bzw. Prototypphase. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Anforderungen an und Möglichkeiten von Mobilitätsassistenzrobotern und stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand dar. Insbesondere zeigen wir zwei aktuelle, im Rahmen des EU-Projektes MOBOT unter unserer Beteiligung entwickelte Prototypen. Außerdem beschreiben wir die in Heidelberg verwendete Methodik zur Entwicklung von Mobilitätsassistenzrobotern auf der Basis von modell-basierter Optimierung.

In spring 2019, students in Nazi Germany (HIST 4373/JWST 4998), an undergraduate course at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, collaborated on the creation of a digital timeline about the history of Nazi Germany. The timeline project explores the origins of Nazi ideology and its development over time, the nature of the Nazi state and German society under Nazism, and some of the legacies of Nazism in postwar Germany.

This paper explores first-hand experiences of citizenship education specifically-designed for immigrants from the perspective of native Dutch settlement workers and volunteers in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Based on eight months of ethnographic research and in-depth interviews with settlement workers, this article explores how these ‘minor figures’ influence and inform the ‘Infrastructure of Integration’ and reinterpret national Dutch cultural values and norms on a local level. Using past understandings of multiculturalism and the current project of assimilating all non-western Muslim immigrants into Dutch society, this article investigates how these minor figures reproduce exclusionary discourses of belonging to the imagined community of the Netherlands.

The study completes the compilation of the questionnaire on Chinese undergraduates’ moral values from six moral values dimensions: honesty and compliance, civility and self-discipline, love, unity and be helpful, esteem and filial respect. The questionnaire has 31 questions in all, taking advantage of Likert scale. Using this scale, its alpha reliability reach 0.887 with clear internal structure. The validity is well and the model fitting index accords with statistical measurement, which covers the shortage of empirical study on Chinese undergraduate students’ moral values. The measurement, which focused undergraduate moral values, is compiled by a total of 768 valid samples from 6 colleges. Measurement results show that there are sequences of orientation on Chinese undergraduates’ moral values approval, and the order is: Honesty and compliance, civility and discipline, filial respect unity and be helpful, love and esteem; while gender differences do exist. The male undergraduates’ identity level of honesty and compliance, civility and self-discipline, love, and filial respect ranks higher than that of female undergraduates; however, the differences, between male and female undergraduates, on unity and being helpful, as well as esteem are not significant.

Upon reaching 40 households, an Amish church district typically divides into two smaller, relatively equally sized districts. This article analyzes the relationship between Amish church divisions and topographic demarcation lines within Clark Township, Holmes County, Ohio, from 1930 to 2010. In findings, divisions often follow physical geography boundaries, such as ridges that outline the edge of a watershed, or rivers and streams that essentially define topography within a watershed. Further, Amish leaders divide churches with objectives based on several socioreligious factors, from the maintenance of the faith community to the goal of preserving Amish neighborhoods and rural identity, while also facilitating the continuation of traditional agricultural practices.

Attraverso la comparazione delle lettere di raccomandazione di cinque celebri dignitari ecclesiastici del secolo XII (Bernardo di Chiaravalle, Pietro il Venerabile, Pietro di Celle, Gilberto Foliot, e Giovanni di Salisbury), questo studio si propone di mostrare che gli elogi che questi testi contengono non sono “stereotipati”, nel senso di indipendenti da qualsiasi caratteristica della lettera, ma sono invece influenzati da vari fattori. In particolare, le tendenze peculiari di ciascun autore si riflettono negli elogi, e questi ultimi sembrano scelti in base al tipo di beneficiario e di richiesta. Se ne deduce che gli elogi riflettono l’esistenza di un repertorio – largamente condiviso – di caratteristiche positive idealmente associate a un determinato ruolo, per esempio quello di chierico, monaco, vescovo o abate, e perfino di segretario e messaggero.

In order to understand value recognition deeply, the research was taken to 1128 Xingjiang minority college students in inner-mainland 36 universities of China by the questionnaire with five dimensions which political value, moral value, cultural psychology, language stress and environmental stress. The result showed that there was an order tendency in their values, in order, cultural psychology, moral values, political values, language stress and environmental stress. At the same time, there are gander differences. Male and female college students do not exist significant differences in cultural psychology and moral value dimensions. But the differences being in the political values, language stress and environmental stress. Xinjiang minority college students are fundamentally the same as Han nationality students in political values and moral values, but obvious differences in cultural psychology, language stress and environmental stress.

Abstract In this study, a full-length cDNA of the porcine ENO3 gene encoding a 434 amino acid protein was isolated. It contains 12 exons over approximately 5.4 kb. Differential splicing in the 5'-untranslated sequence generates two forms of mRNA that differ from each other in the presence or absence of a 142-nucleotide fragment. Expression analysis showed that transcript 1 of ENO3 is highly expressed in liver and lung, while transcript 2 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. We provide the first evidence that in skeletal muscle expression of ENO3 is different between Yorkshire and Meishan pig breeds. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that, in Yorkshire pigs, skeletal muscle expression of transcript 1 is identical at postnatal day-1 and at other stages while that of transcript 2 is higher. Moreover, expression of transcript 1 is lower in skeletal muscle and all other tissue samples than that of transcript 2, with the exception of liver and kidney. Statistical analysis showed the existence of a polymorphism in the ENO3 gene between Chinese indigenous and introduced commercial western pig breeds and that it is associated with fat percentage, average backfat thickness, meat marbling and intramuscular fat in two different populations.

Formic acid has recently been considered as one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials. The basic concept is briefly discussed and the research progress is detailledly reviewed on the dehydrogenation of aqueous formic acid by heterogeneous catalysts.

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