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Kliniker berichten haufig von einer Veranderung des mimisch-affektiven Verhaltens im Laufe der Behandlung posttraumatischer Belastungsstorungen (PTBS). Dabei wird die Zunahme der Mimik in Zusammenhang mit dem Ruckgang der „Numbing“-Symptomatik gebracht. Die Zunahme des mimisch-affektiven Verhaltens (insbesondere des negativen Affekts) im Laufe einer Behandlung in Form des Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) sollte dokumentiert werden. Des Weiteren erfolgte eine explorative Analyse der Zusammenhange der mimischen Veranderungen mit wichtigen Therapie-Outcomes. Das mimisch-affektive Verhalten wahrend der Therapiesitzungen wurde fur 16 Patientinnen, die vor ihrem 18. Lebensjahr traumatisiert wurden, mithilfe des „facial action coding system“ (FACS) im Vorfeld, wahrend und ein Jahr nach einer stationaren EMDR-Behandlung codiert. Zur Quantifizierung der Symptombelastung kamen die Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), die Symptomcheckliste (SCL-90®), das Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI-V) sowie der Fragebogen zu Dissoziativen Symptomen (FDS) zum Einsatz. Es zeigt sich uber die 3 Erhebungszeitpunkte hinweg eine bedeutsame Mimikveranderung, die eine Zunahme der Gesamtmimik und den Ausdruck negativen Affekts betraf. Zusammenhange zu den Veranderungen der erhobenen Symptomschwere liesen sich jedoch nicht belegen. Anhand weiterer Untersuchungen wird geklart werden mussen, inwiefern die Zunahme des mimisch-affektiven Verhaltens relevant ist, um insbesondere im Hinblick auf soziale Interaktionen von Behandlungserfolg sprechen zu konnen.

Die Transformation von Wissen und Forschung der Geisteswissenschaften in den digitalen Raum ist im Arbeitsalltag bereits weit fortgeschritten. Mit dieser Transformation, die sich als eine rasante technische Revolution vollzieht, entwickelt sich nicht zuletzt eine neue digitale Wissensordnung. Unsere Ordnungssysteme reichen kulturell viele Jahrhunderte, bis weit in das Mittelalter und die Antike zurück. Die Ordnung des Wissens ist fundamental, denn erst Ordnung macht Wissen zu Wissen, indem sie Wissenswertes von Nicht-Wissenswertem trennt. Wissensordnungen sind immer hierarchisierend, weshalb man zu jeder Zeit intensiv um die Ordnung des Wissens gerungen hat. Sie muss sich mit neuen Bildungssystemen ebenso wandeln, wie sie sich durch neu erschlossene Wissensbereiche, neue soziale Gruppen oder neue Anforderungen innerhalb der Gesellschaft verändert. In dem Beitrag geht es um methodische Ansätze zur Erforschung vormoderner Buchsammlungen als haptisch erfahrbare Wissensräume und den damit verbundenen langfristigen Dynamiken, die es erlauben, die fundamentalen Unterschiede zwischen der analogen und der digitalen Umgebung neu zu reflektieren. The transformation of knowledge and research in the humanities into the digital space is already well advanced in everyday work. With this transformation, which is taking place as a revolutionary technical revolution, at the same time a new digital knowledge order is developing successively. Culturally, our systems of the ordering of knowledge goes back many centuries, far into the Middle Ages and Antiquity. The ordering is fundamental, because only order turns knowledge into knowledge by separating what is worth knowing from what is not. Knowledge orderings are always hierarchizing, which is why they continuously and intensively have been challenged in all times. The ordering of knowledge has to change with new educational systems, new social groups and just as it changes with newly opened fields of knowledge or new demands within society. This article deals with methodological approaches in reassessing pre-modern religious institutions and book collections as specific knowledge spaces, in order to reflect the long term dynamics and the fundamental differences between the analog and the digital knowledge environment.

Hochschulbibliotheken oder andere forschungsunterstützende Serviceabteilungen, die sich mit Forschungsdatenmanagement befassen, verfügen häufig nicht über umfassende Informationen darüber, welche Arten von Forschungsdaten an der jeweiligen Hochschule gesammelt, verwendet, produziert und verbreitet werden. Ein umfassender Überblick über die Forschungsdatenlandschaft ist Voraussetzung für die strategische Planung und Entwicklung geeigneter, lokal angepasster Serviceleistungen. Diese Fallstudie beschreibt die Erhebung der Produktion und Verwendung von Forschungsdaten an der WU Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien und darauf aufbauend die Etablierung und Koordination des Forschungsdatenmanagements durch die Universitätsbibliothek. Die Studie führte einerseits zu interessanten und für die Serviceentwicklung relevanten Ergebnissen. Andererseits wurde die hierbei verwendete Herangehensweise in ein Vorgehensmodell überführt, das auch an anderen wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen anwendbar erscheint., University libraries or other service departments involved in research data management often do not have comprehensive information about what types of research data are collected, used, produced and disseminated within the institution concerned. A comprehensive overview of the research data landscape is a prerequisite for the strategic planning and development of suitable, locally adapted services. This case study describes the survey of the production and use of research data at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business and, based on this, the establishment and coordination of research data management by the university library. On the one hand, the study led to interesting results relevant to service development. On the other hand, the approach used here was converted into a procedural model that also appears to be applicable to other academic institutions

Mit Hilfe der evozierten Potenziale und der magnetisch evozierten motorischen Potenziale können verlängerte Latenzen zentraler Leitungsbahnen und peripherer Nerven nachgewiesen oder ausgeschlossen werden. Somit können Symptome objektiviert und quantifiziert sowie Läsionen lokalisiert werden. In diesem Beitrag werden Durchführung und Indikationen der einzelnen Modalitäten zusammengefasst und Neuerungen berichtet.

ZusammenfassungSeit der Erstbeschreibung Roboter-assistierter Nierentumoroperationen im Jahr 2001 sind 20 Jahre vergangen, das Verfahren wird aber immer noch nicht flächendeckend in jeder deutschen urologischen Klinik angeboten. Insofern stellt sich die Frage, ob Roboter-assistierte Nierentumoreingriffe heutzutage als Standard angesehen werden können.Bis heute liegen für die Roboter-assistierte radikale Nephrektomie keine randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien zum Vergleich mit dem offenen oder laparoskopischen Vorgehen vor. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass gegenüber der offenen Nephrektomie sowohl Laparoskopie als auch Robotik insgesamt bessere perioperative Ergebnisse bei vergleichbarem onkologischen Outcome ermöglichen. Im direkten Vergleich beider minimal-invasiver Techniken gibt es keine eindeutigen Unterschiede, und insofern keinen Zusatznutzen für den Roboter, zumal die Operation robotisch meist teurer ist. Die Ausweitung der chirurgischen Indikationsstellung und erste Studien zur Roboter-assistierten Entfernung lokal weit fortgeschrittener Nierenzellkarzinome mit Level III bis IV Tumorthromben in der Vena cava deuten aber an, dass die robotische Nephrektomie insbesondere bei hoch komplexen Operationen dem laparoskopischen Zugang überlegen sein kann.Auch bezüglich der Roboter-assistierten Nierenteilresektion liegen bis heute keine prospektiv-randomisierten Studien vor. Trotzdem ließ sich bei robotisch wie auch laparoskopisch durchgeführten Nierenteilresektionen binnen weniger Jahre bei ausreichender Erfahrung des Operateurs eine geringere Morbidität gegenüber der offenen Operation feststellen. Im direkten Vergleich von robotischer und laparoskopischer Nierenteilresektion gibt es bisher keinen Konsens. Es zeichnet sich aber die Tendenz ab, dass Roboter-assistierte Eingriffe zusätzliche Vorteile haben, vor allem bei komplexen, endophytischen Tumoren. Dennoch sind bei Vergleichen der verschiedenen Operationsverfahren viele Einflussfaktoren zu berücksichtigen, zu denen insbesondere patienten- und tumorspezifische Faktoren, aber auch die Erfahrung von Operateur, Bed-Side Assistent und die jährliche Klinikfallzahl zählen.Insofern haben sich Roboter-assistierte Nierentumoroperationen bis heute zu einem sicheren Verfahren mit guten operativen Ergebnissen entwickelt und stellen einen etablierten Standard dar. Die perioperativen Ergebnisse sind denen der offenen Operation überlegen, das onkologische Outcome ist vergleichbar. Auch wenn robotische Eingriffe insbesondere aufgrund der hohen Anschaffungskosten häufig teurer sind als laparoskopische, haben sie das Potential, bei komplexen Operationen bessere Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Durch das Auslaufen des Patentschutzes, Eintreten neuer Hersteller und die Entwicklung neuer Technologien wird der Markt robotischer Chirurgie zukünftig wahrscheinlich starken Veränderungen unterliegen und die Kosten werden voraussichtlich sinken.

Die Fortschritte in der Erforschung der Genetik der Kardiomyopathien eroffnen neue diagnostische Moglichkeiten. Kardiomyopathien, die zuvor als idiopathisch eingestuft wurden, konnen zunehmend mit einer krankheitsverursachenden genetischen Variante in Verbindung gebracht werden. Dies hat weitreichende Konsequenzen fur die Behandlung des Patienten und die Aufdeckung anderer familiarer Falle, moglicherweise unter Vermeidung todlicher Verlaufe. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt die Befunde einer neu diagnostizierten familiaren Kardiomyopathie aufgrund einer genetischen Variante im Troponin-T2-Gen (TNNT2) und diskutiert diese.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB) ist eine besondere Form des international anerkannten und evidenzbasierten Home-Treatment. Als komplexe Intervention erfordert StäB im deutschen Kontext eine Evaluation auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Die quasi-experimentelle „AKtiV-Studie“ mit Propensity-Score-gematchter Kontrollgruppe entspricht dieser Forderung. Sie hat eine Laufzeit von 36 Monaten und wird vom Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss gefördert. In diesem Zeitraum werden neben der Untersuchung klassisch klinischer Endpunkte wie der stationären Wiederaufnahmerate, der Psychopathologie und Recovery-orientierten auch Fragen hinsichtlich der geeigneten Zielpopulationen, Implementierungsbedingungen, Behandlungsprozessen und Wirkfaktoren beantwortet. Dabei werden sowohl die Perspektiven von Patienten, Angehörigen und Mitarbeitenden als auch die Standpunkte und Erfahrungen von Akteuren aus Politik und Selbstverwaltung eruiert. Damit kann erwartet werden, dass die Studienergebnisse für ein breites Publikum interessant sein und zur praxiswirksamen Weiterentwicklung des StäB-Modells beitragen können. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird das Mixed-Methods-Design der AktiV-Studie vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Diese Ethikleitlinien des Europäischen Rats für Wiederbelebung enthalten evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen für die ethische, routinemäßige Praxis der Wiederbelebung und für die Betreuung von Erwachsenen und Kindern am Lebensende. Die Leitlinie konzentriert sich in erster Linie auf wichtige Maßnahmen in Bezug auf ethische Praktiken (d. h. Patientenverfügung, vorausschauende Behandlungsplanung* und gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung), die Entscheidungsfindung in Bezug auf Wiederbelebung, Ausbildung und Forschung. Diese Bereiche stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung der Prinzipien der Bioethik in der Praxis der Wiederbelebung und der Betreuung am Lebensende.

Komplexe Krankheitsbilder, die Vernetzung der Berufsgruppen sowie die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Gesundheitsberufe in Deutschland, insbesondere in Hinblick auf die Umsetzung von interprofessioneller Zusammenarbeit. Ziel der Studie ist, die Bedarfe, Erwartungen, Barrieren und Wünsche bezüglich einer digital unterstützten interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit ambulanter Praxen der Ergotherapie, Logopädie und Physiotherapie (ELP) zu untersuchen, um diese Herausforderungen zu adressieren. Mittels qualitativer Methoden wurden Therapeuten/-innen in zwei Fokusgruppen hinsichtlich ihrer Ansichten zur Interprofessionalität und dem aktuellen Einsatz von digitalen Medien befragt und darauf aufbauend Wünsche und Anforderungen an ein digitales Medium zur Unterstützung der interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit (IZ) gesammelt. Mittels der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz wurden die Kernaussagen entlang von Hauptkategorien wie „Berufliches Selbstverständnis ELP“, „Barrieren IZ“ und „Wünsche an ein digitales Medium“ zusammengefasst und die Kategorien in einer Concept-Map eingeordnet. Das Ergebnis umfasst eine erste Definition der „Digitalen Interprofessionalität“. Diese beschreibt eine berufsgruppenübergreifende Arbeitsweise, unterstützt durch ein digitales Medium zur Verbesserung der Kommunikation und der Patientenversorgung. Außerdem konnte aus den Aussagen der Teilnehmenden ein Framework generiert werden, welches zum einen Rahmenbedingungen zur Nutzung, wie Abrechnungsmöglichkeiten und Datenschutzregelungen, beinhaltet. Zum anderen sind gewünschte Funktionen sowie Gestaltungsideen abgebildet, beispielsweise ein Forum und intuitives Design. Die Ergebnisse der Studie bestätigen in der Literatur angeführte Barrieren der IZ, vor allem durch die Heilmittelrichtlinien, und verdeutlichen die Diskrepanz von Wünschen und Möglichkeiten. Mit der vorgeschlagenen Definition von digitaler Interprofessionalität wird, unter Einbezug der Digitalisierung, eine neue Perspektive auf IZ zwischen ELP eröffnet. Das Framework bietet Kriterien, welche in die Entwicklung eines ersten Prototypens einfließen können.

Zusammenfassung Kachexie wird als multifaktorielles Syndrom definiert, das durch einen unfreiwillig fortschreitenden Gewichtsverlust infolge einer Verringerung der Skelettmuskelmasse mit oder ohne Reduktion des Fettgewebes gekennzeichnet ist. Der Abbau von Muskelgewebe wird als Sarkopenie bezeichnet. Diese wird klinisch als Verlust von Muskelmasse und/oder Muskelkraft definiert, wobei der Verlust von Muskelkraft im Vordergrund steht. Mit Sarkopenie verbunden ist der Zustand der Myosteatose, der durch eine Zunahme der intra- und extrazellularen Fettspeicher gekennzeichnet ist und mit einer verminderten Muskelfunktion einhergeht. Kachexie ist fur den Tod von mindestens 20% aller Krebspatienten mitverantwortlich. Die Inzidenz variiert bei diesen Patienten je nach Art der Erkrankung zwischen 80% fur Patienten mit Magen- und Bauchspeicheldrusenkrebs, 50% fur Patienten mit Lungen-, Dickdarm- und Prostatakrebs sowie etwa 40% fur Patienten mit Brustkrebs oder Leukamie. Hierbei ist eine Unterscheidung zwischen tumorassoziierter Kachexie und einer durch Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen der onkologischen Therapie bedingten Kachexie oft schwierig. Das wesentliche klinische Merkmal der Kachexie ist ein unfreiwilliger Gewichtsverlust, der sich jedoch nicht immer klinisch manifestiert, sodass die Identifizierung von Risikopatienten erheblich erschwert ist. Nicht nur das Langzeit-Outcome der Patienten wird von Kachexie und Sarkopenie beeinflusst. Auch die unmittelbaren postoperativen Komplikationsraten (Morbiditat) werden erhoht und haben tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die Krankheitslast und das Leiden der Patienten nach einer chirurgischen Behandlung. Kachexie, Sarkopenie und Myosteatose sind somit fur den klinischen Alltag hochrelevante Parameter, die einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das postoperative Outcome der Patienten haben. Es wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, um die fruhzeitige Identifizierung von Patienten mit einem erhohten Risiko zu verbessern. Diese bieten die Moglichkeit, ungewollten Gewichtsverlust, verringerte Muskelkraft und die Fitness der Patienten zu testen. Derartige Ma ss nahmen sollten Teil unserer taglichen klinischen Routine werden, um diejenigen Patienten mit dem hochsten postoperativen Risiko zu erkennen. Entsprechend konnen neuartige Prakonditionierungskonzepte fur bestimmte Patientengruppen in der Lage sein, die postoperative Morbiditat zu verringern.Abstract Cachexia is defined as a multifactorial syndrome characterised by involuntary progressive weight loss due to a decrease in skeletal muscle mass, with or without a reduction in adipose tissue. The breakdown of muscle tissue is known as sarcopenia. This is clinically defined as loss of muscle mass and/or muscle strength, with loss of muscle strength being more important than muscle mass. Cachexia is responsible for the death of at least 20% of all cancer patients. The incidence in these patients varies, depending on the type of disease, between 80% for patients with gastric and pancreatic cancer, 50% for patients with lung, colon and prostate cancer, and about 40% for patients with breast cancer or leukemia. It is often difficult to distinguish between tumour-associated cachexia and cachexia caused by side effects and complications of oncological therapy. The main clinical feature of cachexia is involuntary weight loss, but this does not always manifest itself clinically, making it much more difficult to identify patients at risk. Not only the long-term outcome of the patient is influenced by cachexia and sarcopenia. Immediate postoperative complication rates (morbidity) are also increased and have profound effects on the burden of disease and the suffering of patients after surgical treatment. Cachexia, sarcopenia and myosteatosis are therefore highly relevant parameters for everyday clinical practice, which have a significant influence on the postoperative outcome of the patient. Several tools have been developed to aid the identification of patients with nutritional risk, i.e. involuntary weight loss, reduced muscle strength and physical condition. Such measures should be a part of our daily clinical routine to ensure the identification of patients with the highest postoperative risk. Novel preconditioning treatment may be beneficial to certain patient groups to reduce postoperative morbidity.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die aktive Beteiligung von Patient*innen an klinischer Forschung wird in Deutschland zunehmend gefordert und hat groses Potential, die Qualitat und Relevanz von Forschung zu erhohen sowie zum Empowerment von Patient*innen beizutragen. Allerdings geht die Umsetzung von Patient*innenbeteiligung mit kulturellen, praktischen und personlichen Herausforderungen einher, wie sowohl Patient*innen, Forschende als auch Forschungsfordernde regelmasig feststellen. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, die Chancen und Herausforderungen von Patient*innenbeteiligung in Deutschland aus den Perspektiven der beteiligten Stakeholder*innen zu diskutieren. Methode Es wurden ein Patient*innenvertreter, eine klinische Forscherin und zwei Mitarbeiterinnen des Forschungsfordermanagements eingeladen, die Chancen und Herausforderungen von Patient*innenbeteiligung zu diskutieren. Ihre Perspektiven wurden in zwei schriftlichen offenen Befragungsrunden erfasst. Die Antworten wurden mittels zusammenfassender Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnis Alle Beteiligten sahen die zunehmende Beteiligung von Patient*innen an klinischer Forschung als Chance, die praktische Relevanz von Forschung und die Durchfuhrung von Studien zu fordern, ihre Akzeptanz durch die Zielgruppe zu erhohen und letztlich die Forschungsergebnisse besser in die Praxis umsetzen zu konnen. Jedoch empfanden alle Beteiligten die Umsetzung von Patient*innenbeteiligung auch als herausfordernd. Sie beschrieben Probleme im Hinblick auf die Gewinnung und Auswahl der Patient*innen, die Schulung der Patient*innen sowie die Vorgaben und fordernden Strukturen fur die Umsetzung der Patient*innenbeteiligung. Diskussion Wahrend Patient*innenbeteiligung an klinischer Forschung ein groses Potential bietet, steht die Entwicklung angemessener Strukturen und Rahmenbedingungen zu deren Umsetzung in Deutschland noch weitestgehend aus. Dies betrifft u. a. die Schaffung eines breiteren Bewusstseins fur die Moglichkeiten der Patient*innenbeteiligung, die Entwicklung von Schulungsangeboten fur Patient*innen und Forschende, die Bereitstellung ausreichender, vorwiegend projektunabhangiger Ressourcen und die Sicherstellung regelmasiger Evaluationen.

Reisen mit Babys und Kindern bringt sowohl für Eltern als auch für die reisemedizinische Beratung besondere Herausforderungen. Insbesondere Kinder von VFR (visiting friends and relatives) sind oft aufgrund einer verminderten Risikoperzeption und erhöhter Expositon einem erhöhten Risiko für Infektionskrankheiten ausgesetzt. Eine gute Vorbereitung hilft dabei, beim Welterkunden gesund zu bleiben. In der pädiatrischen Reiseberatung sind neben Reiseimpfungen, Moskitoschutz und Malariaprophylaxe ein sorgfältiger Sonnenschutz, Rehydrierung bei Gastroenteritis, Schutz vor Tollwutexposition, eine auf das Alter angepasste Reiseapotheke und vieles mehr anzusprechen. Wir geben einen Beratungsleitfaden für die wichtigsten Aspekte der Reiseberatung für Familien mit Kindern ab.

This article introduces a new field of enquiry called revivalistics, and explores its trans-disciplinarity and various ethical, aesthetic and utilitarian benefits. Revivalistics is an emerging global, trans-disciplinary field of enquiry studying comparatively and systematically the universal constraints and global mechanisms on the one hand (Zuckermann, 2003; 2009; 2020), and particularistic peculiarities and cultural relativist idiosyncrasies on the other, apparent in linguistic reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration across various sociological backgrounds, all over the globe (Zuckermann, 2020; Zuckermann & Walsh, 2011; 2014). The article focuses on the crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics. It provides examples from the field that demonstrate the complexity of the revivalist’s work and how the revivalist’s work is distinct from that of the documentary linguist. Too many documentary linguists mislead themselves to believe that they can easily be revivalists too. But there are two crucial differences between revivalistics and documentary linguistics, which are at war between themselves: (1) Whereas documentary linguists put the language at the centre, revivalists put the language custodians at the centre. (2) Whereas in documentary linguistics the Indigenous/minority people have the knowledge of the language, in revivalistics the revivalist is the one with that knowledge. Given that the Aboriginal/minority people are the language custodians, and given that the language custodians are at the centre of the revivalistic enterprise, the revivalist must be extremely sensitive. A revivalist is not only a linguist but also a psychologist, social worker, teacher, driver, schlepper, financial manager, cook, waiter, babysitter, donor etc. A revivalist must have a heart of gold, “balls” of steel and the patience of a saint. Language revival is similar to co-parenting. But the revivalist is only a step-father. The important biological mother is the Indigenous/minority community. If you are the step-father and your spouse, who is the biological mother, makes what you perceive to be a mediocre decision with regard to your children, you cannot just disapprove of it. After all, the children are your spouse’s more than they are yours. You must work together for the best possible outcome. Similarly, if the community supports a decision that is not linguistically viable, the revivalist can try to inspire the community members, but must accept their own verdict. That would be difficult for a documentary linguist with poor social skills. The fieldwork for this article was funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project Grant (APP1129796). https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0001

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Ziel der perioperativen Kardioprotektion ist es, die Auswirkungen eines Ischämie- und Reperfusionsschadens zu minimieren. Aus anästhesiologischer Sicht spielt dieser Aspekt insbesondere in der Herzchirurgie bei Patienten mit Einsatz der Herz-Lungen-Maschine, aber auch allgemein bei längerfristigen hypotensiven Phasen oder perioperativen ischämischen Ereignissen im nichtkardiochirurgischen Setting eine wichtige Rolle. Im Laufe der letzten Jahre konnten diverse pharmakologische sowie nichtpharmakologische Strategien der Kardioprotektion identifiziert werden. Die Ergebnisse von Studien an isoliertem Gewebe sowie von tierexperimentellen In-vivo-Studien sind vielversprechend. Eine Translation dieser kardioprotektiven Strategien in die klinische Praxis ist bislang jedoch nicht gelungen. Große klinische Studien konnten keine signifikante Verbesserung des Outcome der Patienten zeigen. Ziel der Arbeit Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle experimentelle Evidenz pharmakologischer und nichtpharmakologischer Kardioprotektion. Außerdem sollen mögliche Gründe für die limitierte Translation diskutiert werden. Schließlich werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie der Schritt „from bench to bedside“ in Zukunft doch noch gelingen könnte. Material und Methoden Narrative Übersichtsarbeit. Ergebnisse und Diskussion Trotz der vielversprechenden präklinischen experimentellen Ansätze zum Thema Kardioprotektion besteht nach wie vor eine große Diskrepanz zu den Ergebnissen aus großen klinischen Studien in der perioperativen Phase. Mögliche Gründe für die limitierte Translation könnten insbesondere Komorbiditäten und Komedikationen, die Wahl des Anästhesieverfahrens, aber auch die Wahl des Studiendesigns sein. Eine sorgfältige Studienplanung mit Berücksichtigung der genannten Probleme sowie ein simultaner Einsatz mehrerer kardioprotektiver Strategien mit dem Ziel eines additiven bzw. synergistischen Effekts stellen mögliche Ansätze für die Zukunft dar.

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag für die Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ wird eine – bezogen auf Annahmen und Aufwand – ökonomischere Evaluationsstrategie auf Basis von öffentlich verfügbaren Daten entwickelt und empirisch überprüft. Bislang wurde der Erfolg von Nachwuchsleistungszentren (NLZ) im deutschen Profifußball über aufwändige Expertenschätzungen der Qualität der aufgebauten organisationalen Ressourcen gemessen. Es wurde eine minderungskorrigierte, konvergente Validität in Höhe von r = 0,84 zwischen dem inputorientierten, extrem personal- und kostenintensiven bisherigen Verfahren und unserem outputorientierten Indikator gefunden. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und mit Ratschlägen für die weitere Umsetzung verbunden.

Introduction: Dance and movement psychotherapy is a psychotherapeutic approach, which assumes that expressive movement can reflect the emotional state of the moving person. It is a method in which movement is supposed to lead to personal integration and development, and the psychotherapist is supposed to create conditions in which emotions can be safely expressed and transmitted, and can meet with acceptance. Material and method: The aim of this study is to describe a case series of patients treated at the General Psychiatric Ward who participated in group sessions of dance and movement psychotherapy (DMT), and to analyse the impact of psychotherapy on their treatment process. In 2019, 12 patients of the General Psychiatric Ward were included in dance and movement psychotherapy (DMT) sessions. The sessions took place once a week from October 2019 to December 2019 and lasted 1h and 10 min. A common element in movement that could be observed in most people in this group was tense shoulders and free forearms and hands. In addition, it was possible to observe in the group members compact flow, free time, multidirectionality, light weight according to the LMA System. Under the influence of the applied interventions it was possible to observe how the bodies of individual group members relax and their chests open. It was also observed how the participants activated their deep abdominal muscles and settled into the therapeutic space. At the same time it was apparent how the patients became attentive to their bodies and movement, which, in turn, translated into their sense of confidence and reduction in anxiety and tension. Discussion: The main problem of semi-open groups is the impaired ability to integrate patients and the difficulty in finding trust and a sense of security. In addition, resistance to attachment naturally arises in group members. Patients do not have the opportunity to experience all stages of the development of the therapy group, especially the last one, the phase of ending psychotherapy. Nevertheless, the semi-open therapy group seems to have some advantages and some problems are highlighted, so that psychotherapeutic work on them can be deepened. Conclusions: Although conducting a group process in a semi-open community is not a comfortable situation for the psychotherapist and the patients due to the difficulty of finding a sense of security and the naturally occurring resistance to attachment, the sessions seem to be very helpful in integrating the patients’ community and in dealing with the inner tensions of each member.

The article presents the results of the study devoted to the linguistic axiological analysis of the XXI century American drama discourse. Contemporary drama discourse, due to its special linguistic status, is a space for verbal representation of characters’ individual axiological trajectories, the analysis of which contributes to determining the values, which are relevant for society as a whole. The aim of the study is to systematize the dynamic structural and content elements of drama characters’ personal axiological spheres and to define their involvement in the piece of social value paradigm, which has its linguistic reflection in modern American drama. The empirical research is based on the texts of the plays written by American playwrights in 2015-2020. Individual linguistic axiological spheres are examined in terms of flexible hierarchical structures, the dynamism of which is determined by the characters’ life experience. The method of linguistic axiological interpretation based on the combination of axiological analysis and discourse analysis is applied to show that the structure of individual linguistic axiological spheres presented in the contemporary American drama discourse is a simplified version of the social linguistic axiological sphere; it has fewer value dominants and evaluative vectors while preserving the diversity of linguistic means of evaluative representation. Linguistic marking of characters’ individual axiological spheres occurs with the help of evaluative utterances, which include evaluative lexemes. Their frequency is characterized by quantitative and qualitative fluctuations in the speech of different communicants and is predetermined by the evaluative potential of the word semantics. In American drama discourse, the individual axiological sphere has a linguistic representation not only in personal evaluative remarks, but also in the personage’s reaction to other people’s value judgments, as well as in the utterances where the object of evaluation is the character himself/herself. The discrepancy between the content-based evaluative vectors or the difference in the position of personal value dominants within individual linguistic axiological hierarchies can lead to communication failures. As a result of the linguistic axiological interpretation of individual linguistic axiological trajectories, represented in American dramatic discourse of the XXI century, a fragment of the current American social linguistic axiological sphere is identified, and the central value dominants are highlighted.

The Croat-Bosniak war is one of the least researched episodes of the Bosnian war. I reviewed the recent works of two regional authors who had access to original war records of the Bosnian Croats and the Bosniaks and then compared their findings with some of the representative views of secondary literature. Among other things, I focused on the Vance-Owen peace plan and the initial hostilities in the central Bosnian municipalities. My chief conclusion is that the importance placed on the Vance-Owen peace plan in secondary literature is misleading as it ignores the local military and political dynamics.

Dem Dehnen geht ein guter Ruf voraus. Es soll Muskelkater und Verletzungen vorbeugen, beweglicher machen, Kontrakturen verhindern. Daniel Riese und Marcel Kluge machen den Evidenz-Faktencheck: Wird das Dehnen seinem Ruf gerecht?

Background and objectives Parents of children with life-limiting diseases are central informal care providers. They fill out their role as co-producers of the health care system in different ways, as empirically reconstructed parent type's show. In this article, the heterogeneous social practice of physiotherapeutic care provision is reflected from the perspective of self-regulation theory. The aim is to identify starting points for how parental self-efficacy can be positively influenced by educational support. Method The types of parents reconstructed by means of the Documentary Method according to Ralf Bohnsack serve as a starting point for the theoretical consideration. First, the theory of self-regulation and findings from research on increasing parental self-efficacy are presented. In the following, we will discuss how parents of children with life-limiting illnesses regulate themselves or develop self-efficacy when taking over care. Finally, it is shown which findings result from the theoretical consideration for an educational concept development. Results This theory-guided consideration of empirically generated parent types shows that their self-perception and situation perception, motivation and level of participation, self-regulation processes and trained self-efficacy vary significantly. There is evidence that parent-oriented information, observation of peers in groups and the possibility of positive experiences have a positive influence on self-efficacy. Conclusion These elements should be taken up in the development of educational intervention concepts for this target group and systematically tested for their effects.

Introduction: Disorders in the field of reward system neurotransmission are mentioned as one of the most important causes of addiction. Genetic variation is assigned a special role. The literature on the subject mentions primarily the genes of dopamine neurotransmission: DAT (dopamine transporter), DRD2 (dopamine receptor D2), DRD4 (dopamine receptor D4). However, so far there are few literature reports on these genes in the context of innovators in addiction therapy. The aim: Analysis of the relationship between the variability of specific polymorphisms in the DRD2 (rs1799732), ANKK1 (rs1800497), DAT (rs28363170), DRD4 (exon 3 - VNTR) genes with the occurrence of relapses in people addicted to psychoactive substances. Material and methods: The research was carried out on a group of 301 people addicted to psychoactive substances staying in an addiction therapy center in Lubuskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodships in Poland. The control group consisted of 301 people with no diagnosed addiction to psychoactive substances nor mental disorders. The study of polymorphisms DRD2 (rs 1799732), ANKK1 (rs1800497) was performed by real-time PCR method; whereas DAT (rs28363170), DRD4 (exon 3 - VNTR) was genotyped by PCR and the amplified products were visualized using ethidium bromide stained gel electrophoresis (3% agarose) and UV photography. Results: This study showed that in addicts genotype frequencies of the VNTR polymorphism in the third exon of human DRD4 were as follow: S/L in 33.55%, S/S - 63.12% and L/L 3.32%; while in the control group S/L - 32.56%, S/S - 58.8 % and L/L - 8.6% (χ2 = 7.617, p = 0.022). Significant differences in the frequency of DRD2 gene polymorphism rs1799732 were observed (frequency of alleles; χ2 = 5.48, p = 0.0192) and DRD4 VNTR polymorphism (χ2 = 7.687, p = 0.021) between the addicted to psychoactive substances who have a one-time stay in an inpatient treatment center and the control group.

Every crisis is a moment both of the intensification of borders (social, economic, geographical …) and of their potential breaking down – a moment of the reaffirmation of a certain social model and of its questioning. Borders have acquired centrality in the imaginary of the management of the pandemic. They are a constitutive part of the pandemic condition, endowed with a new symbolic and cognitive force. The new importance of borders in times of a pandemic also shows the complexity of the concept of border itself and accelerates the trends underway regarding borders' transformations. The pandemic draws a new strategic border space and accentuates the complexity of the relationship between sovereignty and territory inherent to the process of globalization. The massive interventions by states to shore up the economy and support businesses and workers have the goal of stabilizing the economy, without any intention of entering into a logic of redistribution and expansion of public services. These massive bailouts may simply be the prelude to a more virulent phase, where a crisis of legitimacy and a crisis of social reproduction and of the global forms of governance of neoliberalism are interwoven. The contradiction between the free movement of capital and goods and the limited movement of labor that characterizes globalization can be further intensified, while the rhetoric of borders and control takes on new relevance.

The study is devoted to examine metaphorization as one of the ways of term formation. Metaphor is considered as the main means of linguistic expression of the concept, an integral attribute of professional discourse and one of the ways to create new terms. Metaphors make it easier to perceive the abstract due to their ability to explain a complex vague expression and make it more understandable and clear. The article focuses on metaphors with a color component, which are used as term components for the nomination of economic reality in the financial and economic discourse. The article analyzes three achromatic colors used as color terms: white, black, and gray, examines the specifics of using color metaphors on the example of economic texts published in English-language, Russian-language and French-language media, and concludes that this type of semantic term formation is productive. The article presents definitions of the studied color metaphorical terms and provides examples of their contextual use. Our analysis methodology includes the method of parallel research of metaphors and a definitive and comparative analysis of English, Russian and French color terms. A comparative analysis of the functioning of color terms-metaphors of the financial and economic terminology in three languages showed that the vast majority of metaphors are nominative metaphors. The study allowed us to confirm that the term system of financial and economic vocabulary is closely related to socio-economic reality in society, and the color-coded metaphor terms used in financial and economic discourse represent information in the form of a conceptual model, allowing people to clearly describe economic concepts and transmit information about real events in economic life.

Introduction: The interpretation of white space in the Rorschach test has not been clearly defined. The aim of my research was to analyze the psychological meanings that can be associated with using space in Rorschach test responses. I examined a sample of healthy individuals in order to establish the basic meanings that could serve as points of reference when interpreting ill people’s responses. Material and method: I personally examined 158 healthy subjects with the Rorschach test. The examination procedure and the way of coding and interpreting responses were based on John Exner’s Comprehensive System. I divided the sample into three groups: I (no S responses), II (one or two S responses), and I II (three or more S responses). Next, I distinguished subgroup V (four or more S responses). I analyzed the differences between the groups in terms of other variables obtained in the examination using the Rorschach test. These variables were associated with using the complexity of the presented stimuli and with organizing the stimulus field; they were also associated with the emotional sphere, social adjustment, and ways of coping with stress. Results: Group III differed from groups II and I in terms of nine variables, and differences regarding further four variables approached significance. Differences between group V and the remaining examinees were more marked and concerned 14 variables. Discussion: Examinees with more S responses were better at using the complexity of stimuli and organizing the stimulus field. A certain characteristic feature of their emotional sphere also manifested itself: these people experienced situational stress more strongly, colored their responses with aggression, and more frequently experienced loneliness and alienation; intellectualization turned out to be their typical defense mechanism. Conclusions: Based on the collected material, it can be concluded that responses are related to examinees’ creative potential. Collected from healthy individuals, the material may facilitate the interpretation of ill people’s responses, especially as such research has not been conducted in a Polish population before.

Introduction: There are numerous points of controversy over the psychological interpretation of the so-called S responses – namely, the interpretation of white space in the Rorschach test. The aim of my paper was to verify the position held by Charles P. Fonda, who claims that the meaning of S responses depends on the results of the test as a whole. Materials and methods: I have presented the responses of two young men and coded them according to the Comprehensive System developed by John E. Exner. I chose this way of processing data as the most precise, relatively well formalized, and detailed one. The two examinees gave an almost identical number of responses in the whole test and a similar number of S responses, similarly distributed across the cards of the test. Results: I assessed and compared the results of the two examinees in terms of the effectiveness of their cognitive processes, self-control ability, mental resources, social adjustment, and self-esteem. Finally, I looked closely at the contents of a few responses, as in my opinion they symbolically expressed the examinees’ basic problems. Discussion: I tried to avoid describing the examinees’ psyche in nosological terms and to focus on presenting the way in which they experienced the world, as well as on how this experience affected their behavior. Conclusions: I found that in Examinee 1 criticism towards other people may stem from an excessively idealistic attitude to the world and from the ensuing disappointments. Good cognitive functioning, resistance to stress, positive self-esteem, and the socialized emotional sphere make this man’s S responses a sign of creative engagement in the problems encountered rather than a sign of maladjustment. In the case of Examinee 2, S responses can be understood as defiance and a generalized attitude of negativism, which play the role of defense against the excessively complicated, not fully comprehensible, and inhospitable world; these responses may, in their turn, contribute to the intensification of problems and to an increase in maladjustment.

Introduction: Nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (CU – colitis ulcerosa), which are chronic diseases characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. Extraintestinal complications caused by the disease and the applied treatment, mainly steroid therapy, constitute a predisposition to infections and mental disorders such as depressive disorders with apathy, slowness of movement or agitation, and even manic syndromes. Aim and method: The aim of this study was to review the literature on the occurrence of primary and secondary mental disorders in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases. The literature in the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: colitis ulcerosa, Crohn disease, depression, mental disorders, inflammatory bowel disease. The time descriptors 2011-2021 were also used. Conclusions: The review of epidemiological studies shows that the most common mental disorders in nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases are anxiety and depression disorders. The effect of steroid therapy on the development of mental disorders is equally significant. Most of the available empirical data relating to corticosteroids confirm the correlation between the drugs and depressive symptoms, and other psychiatric effects, including mania and psychosis. Summary: As with most chronic diseases, the prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders is higher in nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases than in the general population.

BackgroundTetradysmelia is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by an extremely severe reduction of all limb parts distal of the scapula and pelvic girdle. We studied a Holstein Friesian backcross family with 24 offspring, among which six calves displayed autosomal recessive tetradysmelia. In order to identify the genetic basis of the disorder, we genotyped three affected calves, five dams and nine unaffected siblings using a Bovine Illumina 50 k BeadChip and sequenced the whole genome of the sire.ResultsPathological examination of four tetradysmelia cases revealed a uniform and severe dysmelia of all limbs. Applying a homozygosity mapping approach, we identified a homozygous region of 10.54 Mb on chromosome 14 (Bos taurusBTA14). Only calves that were diagnosed with tetradysmelia shared a distinct homozygous haplotype for this region. We sequenced the whole genome of the cases’ sire and searched for heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small variants on BTA14 that were uniquely present in the sire and absent from 3102 control whole-genome sequences of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project, but none were identified in the 10.54-Mb candidate region on BTA14. Therefore, we subsequently performed a more comprehensive analysis by also considering structural variants and detected a 50-kb deletion in the targeted chromosomal region that was in the heterozygous state in the cases’ sire. Using PCR, we confirmed that this detected deletion segregated perfectly within the family with tetradysmelia. The deletion spanned three exons of the bovineR-spondin 2(RSPO2) gene, which encode three domains of the respective protein. R-spondin 2 is a secreted ligand of leucine-rich repeats containing G protein-coupled receptors that enhance Wnt signalling and is involved in a broad range of developmental processes during embryogenesis.ConclusionsWe identified a 50-kb deletion on BTA14 that disrupts the coding sequence of theRSPO2gene and is associated with bovine tetradysmelia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported candidate causal mutation for tetradysmelia in a large animal model. Since signalling pathways involved in limb development are conserved across species, the observed inherited defect may serve as a model to further elucidate fundamental pathways of limb development.

Introduction The shortage of general practitioners in Switzerland requires new ways to ensure primary outpatient health care. The group practice Medbase Winterthur Neuwiesen has been testing the use of Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) and Clinical Nurses (CN) for the treatment of clearly defined cases with minor illnesses for the past two years. In the context of quality assurance, this study examines the quality of treatment and outcome in 60 patients with symptoms of an acute upper respiratory tract infection, half of whom were assigned to a physician and half to an APN/CN Methods Analysis of the treatment and the outcome of 60 patient files, half of which were randomly assigned to a physician and half to an APN/CN. Results APN/CN treated significantly more often according to standardized guidelines than physicians; the outcome in patients treated by APN/CN was slightly better, the difference is not significant, though. Discussion The use of APN and CN in outpatient primary care is possible without compromising the quality of treatment in cases with minor illnesses and clearly defined guidelines for treatment.

The focus of this intervention follows the ongoing COVID-19 crisis and its consequences. With both health and the economy as central to this crisis, besides each amplifying the other, in some regards, the two also might stand in conflict. However, both are definitely delivering a number of consequences for humans in different regions and life circumstances across the globe. With the help of several examples, this paper sets out to visualize the unequal distribution of duties, strains, exposure and aftermath of the current health crisis.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyze and define the content, specifics, and procedures of social and psychological work with citizens who have expressed a desire to become mentors for orphans. Introduction: In Ukraine, there are more than 750 foundations of institutional care and upbringing of children, in which approximately 106,000 children live. Only 8% among them have the status of orphans and children deprived of parental care; the other 92% have parents, but due to some difficult life circumstances of parents or presence of special needs or disability in children, they cannot live or be brought up in the family. It means that 92% of children without the status of orphans or children deprived of parental care cannot be adopted or placed for living and upbringing to other forms of family placement (guardianship/care, foster family, family-type orphanage). Along with this, out of 8% of orphan children and children deprived of parental care, there are no opportunities to be accommodated in any family forms of upbringing the following children: teenagers and youngsters, brothers and sisters from families with many children, and children with disabilities. In such children, close emotional relationships with meaningful, constant adults, which is a vital necessity for their psycho-emotional development and well-being, have been lost or were not formed at all. Accordingly, the introduction of mentoring for orphans and children deprived of parental care who live in relevant institutions is motivated by the necessity to satisfy the need of every child in emotional support, assistance and protection by a significant, authoritative person, and friend. Methods: The study uses an experience which was gained during the realization of the project as the author-developer of the methodology of socio-psychological work with citizens and children concerning preparations for mentoring and training for both coordinators and mentors of the Mentoring Program in cooperation with specialists of the “One Hope” non-governmental organization; in the role of educator for the preparation of coordinators for the Mentoring Program implementation, as well as in the role of expert during the implementation of Mentoring Program by the community organization “One Hope” during the 2009-2016 period [1]. Also, authors participated in developing of the mentors preparing program over orphans and children deprived of parental care in order to receive approval at the state level. Results: Mentoring for orphans and children deprived of parental care residing in institutions has been implemented in Ukraine since 2009 by the “One Hope” (“Odna Nadia”) public organization in cooperation with the Kyiv City Children’s Service and the Kyiv City Center of Social Services for Families, Children and Young People. The project “One Hope” was launched in the city of Kyiv and the Kyiv region during 2009-2016. Since 2016, mentoring as an individual form of support and assistance for a child living in a residential institution has been introduced in Ukraine at the state level. Conclusions: If an orphan child or a child deprived of parental care is unable to live and being brought up in a family, then the mentor’s role in the life of this child is of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that such a form of individual support through mentoring will facilitate the preparation of every orphan child for independent living in the future.

Introduction: In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the analysis of the primary mechanisms and forms of therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The analysis of such topics among similarly diagnosed young adults is only beginning to gain popularity. The present article attempts to answer the question of whether the level of individual temperament traits will predict an increase in the severity of ADHD symptoms in young adults. Materials and methods: The questionnaire study involved 111 young adults aged from 18 to 28 (M= 23; SD= 2.12; 70 women and 41 men). Fifty-one people were included in the clinical group, and sixty were qualified for the control one. The participants of the study completed a health questionnaire and a structured diagnostic interview on ADHD symptoms in adults (DIVA 2.0) and a questionnaire for the diagnosis of basic, biologically determined dimensions of human personality (FCZ-KT (R)). Results: The results indicate a significant role of four temperament traits that may be considered as specific risk factors for the aggravation of ADHD symptoms. These include briskness, rhythm, endurance and activity. Conclusions: In Strelau's Regulatory Theory of Temperament, the variability of temperament traits (in the Polish population) is attributed in 44% to genetic factors. The remaining 56% indicate non-genetic factors. The obtained results may indicate which factors are important in therapeutic work both in the group of young adults with ADHD symptoms, and may also constitute a source of information for parents or teachers regarding younger children with these symptoms. Wstęp: Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat przedmiotem wielu badań była analiza mechanizmów pierwotnych i form terapii dzieci i młodzieży z zespołem nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z zaburzeniami uwagi (ADHD). Analiza podobnej tematyki wśród młodych dorosłych z tą diagnozą dopiero współcześnie zaczyna zyskiwać na popularności. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy nasilenie poszczególnych cech temperamentu będzie przewidywało wzrost nasilenia objawów ADHD u młodych dorosłych. Materiał i metoda: W badaniu kwestionariuszowym wzięło udział 111 osób w wieku od 18 do 28 lat (M=23; SD=2,12; 70 kobiet i 41 mężczyzn). Do grupy klinicznej włączono 51 osób, zaś do grupy kontrolnej zakwalifikowano 60 osób. Uczestnicy badań uzupełniali ankietę stanu zdrowia oraz ustrukturalizowany wywiad diagnostyczny dotyczący objawów ADHD u dorosłych (DIVA 2.0) i kwestionariusz do diagnozy podstawowych, biologicznie zdeterminowanych wymiarów osobowości człowieka (FCZ - KT (R)). Wyniki: Wskazują na istotną rolę czterech czynników temperamentalnych, które mogą być uznane za swoiste czynniki ryzyka nasilenia objawów ADHD. Należą do nich żwawość, rytmiczność, wytrzymałość i aktywność. Dyskusja: W Regulacyjnej Teorii Temperamentu Strelaua zmienność cech temperamentu (w polskiej populacji) przypisuje się w 44% czynnikom genetycznym. Pozostałe 56% wskazuje na czynniki pozagenetyczne (56%). Uzyskane wyniki mogą wskazywać jakie czynniki są istotne w pracy terapeutycznej w grupie młodych dorosłych z objawami ADHD, jak również mogą stanowić źródło informacji dla rodziców, czy nauczycieli względem młodszych dzieci z tymi objawami.

Introduction: Introduction: Both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) are important dementia syndromes that overlap in their clinical features and clinical course, neuropathological abnormalities, and also therapeutic approach. Nevertheless it is still unclear whether DLB and PDD are two different disorders that require differentiation or are one clinical entity within a spectrum of Lewy body disease. Currently these disorders are mainly distinguished on the basis of the relative timing of the onset of symptoms of dementia and parkinsonism. The present paper presents current concepts on the pathogenesis of both disorders and their possible overlap. Material and methods: Online databases in the field of DLB and PDD were searched for to find potentially eligible articles. Only most recent articles published after the year 2000 were chosen. Results: The clinical features of DLB and PDD are similar and include dementia with hallucinations and cognitive fluctuations, as well as parkinsonian signs. Also cognitive deficits are similar in PDD and in DLB, with predominance of executive dysfunction, visual-spatial deficits and memory impairment. Neuropathological changes in both disorders involve the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites within brainstem, limbic and neocortex, as well as loss of midbrain dopamine cells, and loss of cholinergic neurons in the nuclei of ventral forebrain. Conclusions: Similarities in clinical manifestation, neuropsychological deficits and neuropathological abnormalities may suggest that both DLB and PDD are two different phenotypes of the same disorder. This review article presents current knowledge on similarities and differences between these two clinical entities and raises the question whether they require differentiation or not.

Durante las últimas tres décadas, la Neurociencia ha logrado avances espectaculares, pero la investigación tiene ante sí graves retos. Comentamos proyectos actuales de investigación neurocientífica, como el Proyecto Conectoma, el Proyecto Brain, y el Human Brain Proyect. Estudiamos la confluencia de las tecnologías biomédicas e ingeniería genética con la inteligencia artificial y computación, y el impacto que tienen en el conocimiento del mundo exterior y de nosotros mismos. Identificamos potencialidades y amenazas de las nuevas tecnologías y la contribución a la conformación del pensamiento posthumanista.

Until now the topic linking age and the moment of fleeing one’s country of origin have been of scientific interest only rarely. Older refugees have hardly attracted scientific attention. Qualitative interviews with older refugees show that Swiss integration policy is barely tailored to the needs and expectations of these persons and that they are affected by social exclusion. Therefore, older refugees have to develop their own strategies in order to participate in society and gain recognition.

Base editing has the potential to improve important economic traits in agriculture and can precisely convert single nucleotides in DNA or RNA sequences into minimal double-strand DNA breaks (DSB). Adenine base editors (ABE) have recently emerged as a base editing tool for the conversion of targeted A:T to G:C, but have not yet been used in sheep. ABEmax is one of the latest versions of ABE, which consists of a catalytically-impaired nuclease and a laboratory-evolved DNA-adenosine deaminase. The Booroola fecundity (FecBB) mutation (g.A746G, p.Q249R) in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B) gene influences fecundity in many sheep breeds. In this study, by using ABEmax we successfully obtained lambs with defined point mutations that result in an amino acid substitution (p.Gln249Arg). The efficiency of the defined point mutations was 75% in newborn lambs, since six lambs were heterozygous at the FecBB mutation site (g.A746G, p.Q249R), and two lambs were wild-type. We did not detect off-target mutations in the eight edited lambs. Here, we report the validation of the first gene-edited sheep generated by ABE and highlight its potential to improve economically important traits in livestock.

Population aging and international migration have propelled the aging of ethno-cultural minorities to the forefront of social scientific inquiries. Examining how scholarship on old age makes sense of ethnicity and race has become relevant. Based on a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1998 and 2017 (n = 336), the present article asks whether the notions of racialization and racism inform this scholarship and argues that a racism-sensitive research agenda is needed.

Background: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited metabolic disease which causes demyelination of the white matter of the brain. The symptoms include mental impairment, progressive paresis, impaired motor coordination, and epileptic seizures. Diagnosis is established mainly by genetic testing. Currently, the recommended treatment is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Goal: The aim of the study was to present the case of a patient suffering from X-ALD, who developed symptoms of bipolar disorder in the initial phase of the disease prior to the onset of characteristic neurological symptoms. Case presentation: In 2015, a 33-year-old patient was admitted to a psychiatric department due to aggressive behaviour he showed towards his wife and other family members. He had been treated for a depressive episode in 2005, and for a manic episode without psychotic symptoms earlier in 2015. During the successive psychiatric hospitalizations, in addition to psychopathological symptoms, the patient had been observed to have neurological symptoms, which included progressive paraparesis and ataxia. In 2018, based on imaging and genetic tests, the patient was diagnosed with X-ALD. The patient’s condition gradually deteriorated; with time, he was unable to move on his own. During a hospital stay in 2019, he was transferred to an internal medicine department due to a progressive urinary tract infection, which, however, could not be controlled, and the patient died. Conclusions: 1. X-ALD is a rare metabolic illness. In the early stages of the disease, various psychopathological symptoms, including affective disorders, are observed. 2. Early initiation of adequate treatment increases the chances of extending the patient’s life. 3. In the present case, the patient did not die due to the underlying disease, but due to causes typical of bed-bound patients, i.e. complications of progressing infection.

The article deals with the investigation of the specific features of idiom interpretation at the eye-mindedness stage. The ability of a subject to perceive the external resemblance of objects makes their hidden features invisible. In the cognitive process the subject learns to perceive and to interpret the outside world as the complex of objects, situations as a whole for self-identity and developing the capability to identify himself regarding this reality. It is a matter of common observation that one of the most complex forms of metaphorical thinking is the subject ability to interpret a figurative meaning. In the course of the imagination intentional development the acquired ability to think metaphorically influences the comprehension of many aspects of language, including the correct interpretation of idioms. Integrated meaning of phraseological units and idioms causes serious problems in the process of the child language aquisition. Due to limited background knowledge and corresponding cognitive structures, the child tries to interpret each component separately, losing the figurativeness, but at the same time giving the idiom or phraseological unit an individual and unusual sense. Young researchers, relying on objective thinking, perceive idioms as sentences where words are freely combined. The study revealed that the idioms interpretation depends on a number of internal and external factors, as well as the background knowledge about the reality and the rules of successful speech interaction. Various language means reflect the children’s speech dynamics within the process of formation of the subject’s ability to interpret a figurative meaning. When interacting with the surrounding reality, the subject’s awareness of his personal “Ego” inevitably generates contradictions of the reality cognition priority and new information. Integration of the old and new information results in creation of a problem situation and its comprehension. Scarcely ever new facts fit the framework of known concepts and behavior algorithms. Efforts to resolve the problem situations by search and creation of the new ways and solution methods, images and senses discovering the outworld new features, show the subject’s cognitive activity.

Introduction: Cotard’s syndrome (CS) is a rare set of psychopathological symptoms, the main symptom of which is nihilistic delusions concerning the negation of the existence of internal organs or the entire body Aim, material and methodology: The aim of the study is to present a case of a patient treated for postpartum depression who developed Cotard’s syndrome. The patient’s symptoms began immediately after her daughter. The clinical picture was dominated by anxiety and apathy, nihilistic delusions about the atrophy of the urethra and other lower abdominal organs, and olfactory hallucinations - she could smell rot. Discussion: The available literature on Cotard’s Syndrome does not allow us to indicate a certain reason for its development. Perhaps the birth of the first child - the woman doubted herself as a mother, she was afraid that she would hurt the cause of the disorders observed and described by us was transient ischemia of the CNS during delivery. Conclusions: Cotard’s syndrome can develop in the course of many mental and somatoform disorders. The described case is, to our knowledge, the first description of Cotard’s Syndrome in the deprivation period. Difficulties in establishing the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of Cotard’s Syndrome translate into therapeutic problems. It has been suggested that the treatment of the underlying disorder on the basis of which CS is developed remains the most effective method of therapy.

Introduction: Dyskinesia is a symptom complex in the form of involuntary, repetitive movements of lips, lower jaw, tongue, less often the trunk and limbs. Despite the use of newer drugs in treatment neuroleptics, dyskinesia has not ceased to be a clinical problem. Method: The work is based on a research review for which the Google Scholar database was used as well PubMed. The search range was limited to 2008-2020. We have included descriptive publications tardive dyskinesia only as a consequence of antipsychotic medications. Material: We present the use of tetrabenazine analogues, deep brain stimulation, neuroleptics, benzodiazepines and botulinum toxin in late-suffering patients drug-induced dyskinesias, which may indicate an improvement in your health. Discussion: The first method of treating tardive dyskinesia are withdrawal antipsychotic medications, but for many patients this is impossible. Valbenazine and Deep Brain Stimulation are the most effective in treating Tardive Dyskinesia. Conclusions: There are not enough studies with the highest reliability to create unequivocal recommendations in the treatment of drug-induced tardive dyskinesia.

Introduction: The perception of disease depends on the patient’s beliefs related to the nature of the illness, the previous personal or family experiences and his/her attitude to them. Patients try to understand and cope with health problems. The purpose of the present study was to answer the question which components of the relationship between the strategies for coping with stress and mental disease perception are moderated by gender. Material and Methods: The study involved 98 patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, alcohol related disorders. The research of the variables was carried out using the COPE Inventory and Disease Perception Questionnaire. Results: It has been noticed that in men, when their perception of the mental disorder as beneficial increases, the religious strategies for coping with stress become more frequent. Furthermore, the opposite sex pattern emerged. In the situation when an individual’s perception of the illness as a threat increased, female patients less frequently employed religious coping and planning. Furthermore, in women, when the perception of the mental disease as a weakness increases, the frequency of using emotional social support and acceptance decreases. Conclusions: The result indicated that there are opposite patterns of gender specific coping strategy dependent on the mental illness perception.

The given article investigates the conceptual sphere of the modern English pedagogical discourse. The purpose of the paper is presented by the identification of the main concepts of discourse and the ways they are verbalised by means of language. In order to meet the aim the author touches upon the main approaches to the notion “concept”, as well as the concepts already identified in the pedagogical discourse. The main research is represented by the linguacognitive, pragma-semantic, and discourse analyses of the English pedagogical discourse, represented by the authentic pedagogical articles, along with the identification of its main concepts which reflect a wide range of both social and pedagogical processes. The results of the analysis represent the English pedagogical discourse to be rather independent conceptual sphere showing its own features. The identified concepts TOLERANCE, MULTICULTURALISM, PROFICIENCY and LANGUAGE show the strong interconnection between current social phenomena and the pedagogical sphere affecting the way individuals explore the world. The actualization of these concepts becomes possible with the help of language that implements dominant lexemes, derivatives, synonyms, evaluation, and other language means to deliver the functional role of the English pedagogical discourse. The research allows us to conclude that this very type of the discourse, its conceptual sphere and complex pragmatic-communicative charge still represent a wide scope for further research that is yet to be conducted.

BackgroundIn animal breeding, identification of causative genetic variants is of major importance and high economical value. Usually, the number of candidate variants exceeds the number of variants that can be validated. One way of prioritizing probable candidates is by evaluating their potential to have a deleterious effect, e.g. by predicting their consequence. Due to experimental difficulties to evaluate variants that do not cause an amino-acid substitution, other prioritization methods are needed. For human genomes, the prediction of deleterious genomic variants has taken a step forward with the introduction of the combined annotation dependent depletion (CADD) method. In theory, this approach can be applied to any species. Here, we present pCADD (p for pig), a model to score single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in pig genomes.ResultsTo evaluate whether pCADD captures sites with biological meaning, we used transcripts from miRNAs and introns, sequences from genes that are specific for a particular tissue, and the different sites of codons, to test how well pCADD scores differentiate between functional and non-functional elements. Furthermore, we conducted an assessment of examples of non-coding and coding SNVs, which are causal for changes in phenotypes. Our results show that pCADD scores discriminate between functional and non-functional sequences and prioritize functional SNVs, and that pCADD is able to score the different positions in a codon relative to their redundancy. Taken together, these results indicate that based on pCADD scores, regions with biological relevance can be identified and distinguished according to their rate of adaptation.ConclusionsWe present the ability of pCADD to prioritize SNVs in the pig genome with respect to their putative deleteriousness, in accordance to the biological significance of the region in which they are located. We created scores for all possible SNVs, coding and non-coding, for all autosomes and the X chromosome of the pig reference sequence Sscrofa11.1, proposing a toolbox to prioritize variants and evaluate sequences to highlight new sites of interest to explain biological functions that are relevant to animal breeding.

Introduction Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is dependent on different expectations and communication styles. IPC is a meaningful approach to accomplish treatment goals, especially in patients with delirium. Delirium affects approximately 50 % of patients older than 65 years in acute care settings. The constant attention and effort needed to care for patients suffering from delirium is challenging and cannot be provided by one profession alone. Instead, there is a need for IPC. Aim This study aims to analyse the structure of IPC in the treatment of patients suffering from delirium. Method Data was collected by conducting three group interviews and six individual interviews with members of different professions in an acute care hospital, and analysed by Charmaz's (2014) grounded theory approach. Results A model called enabling IPC in delirium management was developed. This model shows how mutual respect and appreciation, being in dialog and dealing with challenges in IPC interact with each other and also affect each other. Mutual respect and appreciation are common baseline values that have a pivotal effect on the dialog between professions and the management of IPC challenges. Being in dialog and dealing with challenges in IPC are essential values for enabling IPC, as well as mutual respect and appreciation. Conclusion Mutual respect and appreciation is fundamental for enabling IPC in the treatment of patients suffering from delirium. Interprofessional education, structured interprofessional care conferences and standardised communication can offer opportunities to foster mutual respect and appreciation which, in turn enable IPC.

Purpose To evaluate the residual surface roughness of 5 common diamond-coated interproximal reduction (IPR) systems after consecutive in vitro applications in relation to system, diamond grain size, and instrument thickness. Methods IPR was performed on 80 extracted human incisors using motor-driven strips and discs under predefined conditions. The IPR auxiliaries were applied at 5 consecutive sessions of 20 s on intact interproximal surfaces, and the surface profile (Ra, Rz, Rmax) was analyzed at baseline and after each session with an optical profilometer. Results No overall significant difference in the roughness values was found between systems (P = 0.07 for Ra, P = 0.33 for Rz, and P = 0.48 for Rmax). There was a significant average decrease of Ra, Rz, and Rmax for all systems for every unit increase in time by −0.171 μm (P P ≤ 0.001), and −2.788 μm (P = 0.001), respectively. Ra, Rz, and Rmax values increased significantly, i.e., by 0.194 μm (P = 0.003), 5.890 μm (P = 0.001), and 5.319 μm (P = 0.010) as instrument thickness increased by one unit. No significant reductions in Ra, Rz, and Rmax were observed across grain sizes (−0.008 μm [P > 0.05], −0.244 μm [P > 0.05], and −0.179 μm [P > 0.05], respectively). There was no evidence of interaction between system and time as the P values for Ra, Rz, and Rmax were 0.88, 0.51, and 0.70, respectively. Conclusions All IPR materials presented significant gradual decrease of surface roughness after repeated applications. There were no significant roughness changes among auxiliaries of different grain sizes. Thinner auxiliaries showed significantly more roughness reduction, possibly requiring more frequent replacement than thick auxiliaries in clinical practice.

ZusammenfassungObschon die Klassenführung von sportunterrichtenden Lehrkräften ein bedeutsamer Faktor eines guten Sportunterrichts darstellt, liegen keine Beobachtungsinstrumente vor, um die Qualität der klassenführungsbezogenen Performanzen bei sportunterrichtenden Lehrkräften valide, reliabel und objektiv erheben zu können. Derartige Instrumente erscheinen jedoch als wünschenswert, weil damit die Qualität der Klassenführung von sportunterrichtenden Lehrkräften ökologisch valide, situiert und verhaltensnah erfasst werden kann. In vorliegender Studie wurde dementsprechend die Fragestellung bearbeitet, durch welche Qualitätskriterien sich die klassenführungsbezogenen Performanzen bei sportunterrichtenden Lehrkräften erfassen lassen. In einem ersten Schritt wurde dazu eine Literaturanalyse realisiert und ein provisorisches Beobachtungsinstrument entwickelt. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde das Instrument im Rahmen einer Delphi-Runde und im Sinne einer inhaltlichen Validierung Sportdidaktikerinnen und Sportdidaktikern (n = 8) vorgelegt. Latente und manifeste Variablen wurden dabei verändert, ausgeschlossen und neue Variablen generiert. Zur empirischen Validierung wurde in einem dritten Schritt ein Beurteilungsverfahren durchgeführt. Raterinnen und Rater (n = 6) absolvierten dazu ein Training. Im Anschluss wurde die Qualität der klassenführungsbezogenen Performanzen anhand von 166 Unterrichtsstunden bei angehenden und tätigen sportunterrichtenden Lehrkräften beurteilt. Zur Überprüfung der Güte des Instruments wurden Faktorenanalysen durchgeführt und die Interraterreliabilität berechnet. Aus der empirischen Überprüfung geht ein 9‑faktorielles Modell hervor, welches aus 27 manifesten Variablen besteht. Die empirische Lösung weist auf einen ausreichenden bis guten Modell-Fit, die Interraterreliabilität zeigt gute bis exzellente Kennwerte. Mit der Studie wurde ein multidimensionales Beobachtungsinstrument entwickelt, mit dem die klassenführungsbezogenen Performanzen von sportunterrichtenden Lehrkräften valide, reliabel und objektiv erfasst werden können.

ObjectiveLeft ventricular (LV) twist is a major component of ventricular mechanics reflecting the helical orientation of cardiac fibres and compensating for afterload mismatch. However, it is not known whether it determines outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This study sought to investigate TAVI-induced short-term changes of LV twist and to define its role in outcome prediction.MethodsA total of 146 patients (median age 81.78 years, 50.7% male) undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis were included. LV rotation and twist were determined by speckle tracking echocardiography within 3 months before and 2 weeks after TAVI. All-cause mortality at 2 years was defined as primary end point.ResultsPatients who survived exhibited a higher apical peak systolic rotation (APSR) (pConclusionAPSR, twist and torsion pre-TAVI as well as their change within 2 weeks after TAVI predict 2-year all-cause mortality after TAVI, adding incremental prognostic value to LVEF and GLS.

Periokuläre Verletzungen im Rahmen einer Kaiserschnittentbindung sind extrem selten. Anhand einer Kasuistik eines 5 h alten Neugeborenen soll das Trauma-Management in Hinblick auf Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge einer tiefen periokulären Weichteilwunde dargestellt werden. Das Verletzungsmuster umfasste durchgreifende Wunden des medialen und lateralen Lidwinkels mit Eröffnung der Bindehautumschlagsfalte, der Tenonkapsel und Durchtrennung des oberen Tränenröhrchens. Der schichtweise Wundverschluss beinhaltete eine autostabile monokanalikulonasale Intubation der ableitenden Tränenwege. Periocular injuries during a caesarean section are extremely rare. The case report of a five hour old newborn addresses the trauma management concerning diagnostics, therapy, and post-operative care of a deep periocular soft tissue injury. The pattern of injury consisted of full thickness wounds of the medial and lateral lid margins, opening of the superior conjunctival fornix, and penetration of Tenon’s capsule. The reconstruction was performed layer by layer while an autostable monocanaliculonasal lacrimal intubation was inserted.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Obwohl es an einer heilenden Therapie für Demenzerkrankungen fehlt, bestehen im hausärztlichen Setting diverse Möglichkeiten, dem Fortschreiten eines „mild cognitive impairment“ entgegenzuwirken. Bislang sind nur wenige Studien vorgelegt worden, die der Frage nachgehen, welche therapeutischen Strategien Hausärzt*innen bevorzugt ergreifen, um auf Demenzerkrankungen einzuwirken. Ziel der Arbeit Ermittelt wird, welche Interventionsansätze für das Management von Demenzpatienten als effektiv erachtet werden, sowie erlebte Herausforderungen und gewünschte Optimierungsmaßnahmen zur Stärkung der Demenzprävention. Material und Methoden Zwischen März und September 2020 wurden 42 halbstandardisierte Interviews mit Hausärzt*innen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland und Thüringen geführt. Ergebnisse Viele Interviewte schätzen die Bedeutung einer Demenzprävention als hoch ein und gehen davon aus, einen wirksamen Beitrag leisten zu können – nicht-medikamentösen Ansätzen wird großer Stellenwert eingeräumt. Die Lotsenfunktion des Hausarztes wird gezielt eingesetzt, um Patienten und Angehörige an Beratungs- und Hilfsakteure heranzuführen. Ein Teil des Samples sieht nur medikamentöse Therapieformen als geeignet an, um Einfluss auf Demenzerkrankungen zu nehmen. In dieser Gruppe sind geringe Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen verbreitet. Als häufige Herausforderungen werden im Sample Probleme in der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit artikuliert, die nicht selten einem kohärenten Therapiekonzept entgegenstehen. Diskussion Hausärzt*innen sollten bestärkt werden, die Priorisierung der primären Behandlungsstrategie bei der Demenzversorgung zu übernehmen. Wichtig erscheint, dass auch die Potenziale nicht-medikamentöser Interventionen wahrgenommen werden. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Hausärzt*innen und Hilfsnetzwerken sollte gestärkt werden. Zudem sollte die Entwicklung integrierter Versorgungskonzepte und strukturierter Behandlungsprogramme vorangetrieben werden.

ZusammenfassungDie Misophonie ist eine Intoleranz auf bestimmte Alltagsgeräusche. Hierbei fungieren als „Trigger“ „menschliche Körpergeräusche“, z. B. Schlucken/Schmatzen/Atemgeräusche oder Geräusche, die von Menschen, aber nicht vom menschlichen Körper erzeugt werden (z. B. Klicken Kugelschreiberknopf), ferner Tier‑/Maschinengeräusche. Die Betroffenen verspüren sofort eine negativ-emotionale Reaktion wie Wut, Aggression, Ekel u.a. Objektivierbare Veränderungen sind Herzfrequenzerhöhung und Blutdruckveränderungen. Die emotionale Reaktion ist individuell und hängt z. B. von Geräuschart, persönlicher Vorerfahrung, sozialem Kontext oder psychologischem Profil ab. Die Misophonie ist bisher als Krankheit nicht definiert und keinem offiziellen Diagnosesystem zugeordnet, sie scheint eine eigenständige Störung zu sein: Assoziationen bestehen u. a. mit Aufmerksamkeits‑/Zwangsstörungen, Tinnitus, Hyperakusis, Autismus-Spektrum-Krankheiten. Definitionskriterien wurden 2013 veröffentlicht; verschiedene, validierte Fragebögen wurden bisher zur Misophonieausprägung entwickelt. Studien mit funktionellen MRT-Untersuchungen des Kopfes zeigten eine übermäßige Aktivierung des anterioren Inselkortex (AIC) und seiner benachbarten Regionen, die für Emotionsverarbeitung/-regulation verantwortlich sind. Bisher gibt es keine randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zur Therapie. Einzelne Publikationen beschreiben kognitive Verhaltensinterventionen, Retrainingtherapien und Schallmaskierungssysteme. Zur Triggerreduktion werden Ohrstöpsel/Musikkopfhörer verwendet. Auch HNO-Ärzte können mit Misophoniepatienten konfrontiert werden, z. B. zur Klärung des Hörvermögens oder Beratung von Therapiemöglichkeiten. Der Bericht stellt eine Übersicht des aktuellen Wissensstands zur Misophonie sowie ihrer Diagnostik und Therapie dar.