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Examines variables having an impact on the educational experience of Turkish and Yugoslav children in the Federal Republic of Germany. Finds that the age of the child has the greatest influence while such factors as nationality have no direct impact. Indicates that differences between these groups have little to do with national characteristics. (KO)

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La solitudine rappresenta un rischio sostanziale per la salute e in quanto tale è attualmente al centro di studi empirici. Le ricerche che si concentrano sul tema della solitudine prendono spesso in esame una fascia di età avanzata, dal momento che, in questa fase della vita, sono riscontrabili alcuni fattori specifici di rischio particolarmente marcati. Allo stesso tempo va sottolineato che la solitudine non è un fattore universale, né un problema che riguarda esclusivamente gli anziani: infatti, può colpire persone di tutte le fascie di età, con un picco iniziale nella giovane età adulta. A livello scientifico, la solitudine è definita come una sensazione emotiva negativa. Questa sensazione è legata sia a tratti individuali della personalità sia a circostanze situazionali. Nel corso della vita questo sentimento può presentare diversi contesti ed essere influenzato da cambiamenti relativi al bisogno di interazioni sociali e dalle relazioni, eventi critici, percezioni positive/negative dell’età o modi di vedere le persone anziane, nonché dalla storia dello sviluppo del singolo, comprese le esperienze relazionali interiorizzate. A prescindere dal livello socio-strutturale, la solitudine può essere oggetto di attenzione anche in psicoterapia; gli interventi psicoterapeutici possono concentrarsi su diversi aspetti tra quelli sopra citati per alleviarne l’intensità e supportare le persone colpite. Vi rientrano, ad esempio, la gestione di desideri contrastanti (ad es. auto sufficienza e assistenza) nel contesto di eventuali perdite di persone a causa dell’avanzare dell’età e il rafforzamento delle risorse psico-sociali degli anziani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on regiolects commonly concentrates on phenomena of traditional dialectology. In his talk at the 6th IGDD congress in September 2018 Michael Elmentaler whatsoever plead to rather focus on characteristics of regiolects by themselves. As a scientific approach he mentioned regional phraseology. The following research project now focuses on the regional distribution of phrasemes and tries to find out whether participants are aware of these and which influence age has. Therefore 26 phrasemes, based on the Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch, an interactive online tool of the LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte (ILR), that are not codified or coded „landschaftlich rheinisch/westmitteldeutsch“ in relevant lexicons are presented to participants. They then rated whether they knew and used these phrasemes or whether they were unknown to them. Moreover, participants were able to fill in variants of the idioms in question. First results from the study concerning awareness and age will be presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A recently published concept considers a significant proportion of the occurrence and persistence of functional movement disorders (FMD) to be explained by increased/incorrect weighting of the expected movement (feedforward signal) in the presence of decreased/altered actual feedback of the movement. In the context of aging and age-associated diseases, there is an increased likelihood that these prerequisites will occur, also in combination. For example, the feedforward signal can be enhanced by accumulation of a wealth of experience but can for example become prone to error due to changes in attention and (fear of) falling. Conversely, the actual feedback is subject to age-related changes, such as reduction of sensory functions. This could explain why FMDs also occur in old age and offer treatment approaches for this so far poorly studied disorder. It follows that a specific focus on (the correction of) feedforward signals and strengthening as well as training of the actual feedback are potentially promising therapeutic approaches for older people with FMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Physical and social activity can influence positively the effects of ageing. This study examined differences in balance, physical activity and social integration between everyday active, sportive or dancing 60- to 80-year-old people in Lower Austria.

In the commentary "Thoughts on the failing generativity at psychoanalytic institutes," the problem of a lack of new talent in psychoanalytic institutes is discussed. The authors point out the absence of training analysts, which has led to an average age of 71.4 years for training analysts in the German Psychoanalytic Society. They also describe their own negative experiences as candidates and raise questions about the structure of training. The authors speculate that the decline in interest in training and the diminishing willingness to participate in institutes could indicate a general loss of significance for psychoanalysis. They suggest establishing clear criteria for qualification as a training analyst. [Extracted from the article]

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Background: The demographic change makes comprehensive health reporting on health at older age an important topic. Methods: Gesundheit 65+ is a longitudinal epidemiological study on the health status of persons aged 65 and older in Germany. Based on a two-stage stratified random sample from 128 local population registers, 3,694 persons participated in the baseline survey between June 2021 and April 2022 (47.9 % women, mean age 78.8 years). Weighted prevalences for 19 indicators of the baseline survey are presented overall and by age, sex, education and region of residence. Results: Overall, 52.0 % of all participants of the baseline survey reported to be in good or very good health, and 78.5 % reported high or very high satisfaction with their life. This was in contrast to the large number of health/functional limitations whose prevalences ranged from 5.3 % for severe visual limitations to 69.2 % for multimorbidity. The health status of women was clearly worse than that of men, and the health status of persons aged 80 and older was worse than between 65 and 79 years of age. There was a clear educational gradient evident in the health status, but there were no differences between West and East Germany. Conclusions: Gesundheit 65+ provides a comprehensive database for description of the health status of old and very old people in Germany, on the basis of which recommendations for action for policy and practice can be derived.

Krebs ist eine der häufigsten Todesursachen weltweit und wird im Jahr 2020 für fast 10 Millionen Todesfälle verantwortlich sein. Im selben Jahr wurden weltweit etwa 19 Millionen neue Krebsfälle diagnostiziert [1]. Die Inzidenz aller Krebsarten ist zwischen 1998 und 2012 in den meisten Ländern und in allen Altersgruppen weltweit gestiegen [2]. Zumindest in Europa, den USA und einem Teil Asiens entsprach dieser Trend jedoch den demografischen Veränderungen und der Alterung der Bevölkerung [3,4]. Das Krebsrisiko nimmt mit dem Alter zu, und mehr als 60% der Krebserkrankungen werden bei Menschen im Alter von 65 Jahren oder älter diagnostiziert [5]. Jüngste Studien deuten jedoch auf einen starken Anstieg der Inzidenz von Krebserkrankungen bei Erwachsenen unter 50 Jahren [6-15]. Bei jungen Menschen, bei denen Krebs diagnostiziert wird, ist die Krankheit zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose oft weiter fortgeschritten als bei älteren Menschen, was zum Teil auf eine verzögerte Diagnose zurückzuführen ist [16].

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The article asks the question about the influence of age on language behaviour of German studies students in the context of activation of the mental lexicon. The aim of the study conducted is to examine whether the age of the test persons has an effect on linguistic functioning with relation to German language. The changes that occur with age within mental processes are multidimensional and highly individualized. The lexical units of all languages that man has acquired, referred to as the mental lexicon, are distinguished by varying degrees of anchoring, which translates into the quality and quantity of language production.

Abstract: Despite the widespread use of the Test Battery of Attentional Performance (TAP) and its child version (KiTAP), there are few studies on the convergent and criterion-related validity of both procedures. In this study, elementary-school children aged 8 to 11 years (N = 99) completed the corresponding subtests from both batteries. Moreover, we assessed indicators of test motivation and the children's school grades. The correlations between the test batteries were small in size. Comparisons of normative data revealed significant differences between batteries. Analyses of test motivation pointed to the advantages of the KiTAP. Performance measures of both batteries correlated only weakly with school grades. The results question the reliability, validity, and quality of normative data for both test batteries in elementary-school-aged children. In the diagnostic practice with children, we must interpret the examination findings obtained from the TAP and KiTAP procedures with caution since examination results may vary depending on the test battery used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An increasing shortage of specialists and training assistants is also being lamented in vascular surgery. Despite a continuous increase in the number of physicians and medical students in Germany in recent years, the need for specialists and training assistants in vascular surgery is enormous in a sustained manner. Methods: Professional policy analysis from a medical vascular surgery perspective including currently available statistics, especially from the Federal Statistical Office, the Federal Medical Association, the Saxony-Anhalt (SA) State Medical Association and selective references from current medical scientific literature on epidemiological topics. Results: In 2022, according to the basic data of the Federal Statistical Office 200 vascular surgery departments provided a total of 5706 beds for care. In 2021, 1574 physicians with the regional and specialist title in vascular surgery were registered by the medical associations. In the following years, there was an increase of 404 vascular surgeons. The recognition of the specialist title for vascular surgery fell from 166 in 2018 to 143 in 2021. There are 23 vascular surgery care units in Saxony-Anhalt (SA). At the SA Medical Association, there were 52 registered doctors with the specialist title in vascular surgery in the inpatient sector in 2021. In comparison, at the North Rhine Medical Association in 2021 there were 362 registered doctors with regional and specialist titles in vascular surgery overall and 292 in the inpatient sector. The age-standardized hospital incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) rose from approximately 190 to over 250 per 100,000 inhabitants in Germany between 2005 and 2016 and plateaued at this level. This corresponded to a relative increase of 33%. During the same observational period, the number of procedures performed doubled, mainly due to a strong increase in the number of endovascular interventions (approximately 140% increase) and interventions for arterial embolism/thrombosis (approximately + 80%). A research report commissioned by the German Hospital Society (DKG) in 2010 predicted a replacement requirement for physicians of approximately 108,000 by 2019 and an additional requirement of almost 31,000 physicians. While 14.6–27.2% of those employed in 2008 will have retired by 2020, between 45.6% and 68.5% will retire by 2030. Summary: Despite the statistically verifiable improvement in the staffing situation of specialists in vascular surgery in the inpatient and outpatient sectors in Germany, it can be assumed that there is a problem in recruiting young specialists. In order to target the recruitment of junior staff, it is first necessary to comprehensively record basic data on the staff situation and staff development in the area of residents in vascular surgery. In addition, further work should be done on implementing the recommendations for action already put forward years ago by scientific reports at state and federal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant increase in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic presented the healthcare system with a variety of challenges. The intensive care unit is one of the areas particularly affected in this context. Only through extensive infection control measures as well as an enormous logistical effort was it possible to treat all patients requiring intensive care in Germany even during peak phases of the pandemic, and to prevent triage even in regions with high patient pressure and simultaneously low capacities. Regarding pandemic preparedness, the German Parliament passed a law on triage that explicitly prohibits ex post (tertiary) triage. In ex post triage, patients who are already being treated are included in the triage decision and treatment capacities are allocated according to the individual likelihood of success. Legal, ethical, and social considerations for triage in pandemics can be found in the literature, but there is no quantitative assessment with respect to different patient groups in the intensive care unit. This study addressed this gap and applied a simulation-based evaluation of ex ante (primary) and ex post triage policies in consideration of survival probabilities, impairments, and pre-existing conditions. The results show that application of ex post triage based on survival probabilities leads to a reduction in mortality in the intensive care unit for all patient groups. In the scenario close to a real-world situation, considering different impaired and prediseased patient groups, a reduction in mortality of approximately 15% was already achieved by applying ex post triage on the first day. This mortality-reducing effect of ex post triage is further enhanced as the number of patients requiring intensive care increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Herz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Study results on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the first year of the pandemic are contradictory. The GEDA 2019/2020 study makes it possible to examine changes in depressive symptoms in the population. Methods: A standardised telephone interview was used to survey a random sample of the population in Germany aged 15 and older. To exclude seasonal effects, 10,220 interviewees from the period April 2019 to January 2020 were compared with 11,900 from the period April 2020 to January 2021. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the internationally established 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased from 9.2% to 7.6% in the first year of the pandemic. Changes differ between women and men as well as between age and education groups. The analysis of individual symptoms suggests that it is not about a reduction of mental disorders of the depressive type in the narrower sense, but rather a decrease in stress-associated individual symptoms. Conclusions: The decrease in stress-associated depressive symptoms in parts of the population can be interpreted as an indication that pandemic-related changes in everyday life and the working environment may have had a positive effect on individual areas of mental health in certain groups, at least temporarily in the first year of the pandemic. The continuing strong social inequality in depressive symptoms to the disadvantage of low education groups confirms that the need for social situation-related health promotion and prevention with regard to the living and working conditions of socially disadvantaged people must not be lost sight of in times of pandemic. For groups in the population that partly showed a worsening of symptoms in this phase of the pandemic, e.g. the diminished ability to concentrate of very old men, targeted support options should be created in the future.

The book "Understanding and Shaping Life Phases" by Christine Behrens offers a stimulating and comprehensive examination of life phases beyond the age of 27. It shows that self-directed changes and self-efficacy are possible at any age. The book sheds light on turning points and crises in different life phases and provides helpful suggestions for reorientation. It also explains how personal resources can be activated and uses models of transactional analysis to illustrate this. The book is aimed at readers, especially counselors, who work based on transactional analysis. [Extracted from the article]

The article "King Zedekiah's Release of Slaves for the Strategic Harmony of a Besieged Jerusalem (Jer 34)" discusses the release of slaves by King Zedekiah during the siege of Jerusalem in 588/587 BC. Zedekiah urged people to free their Hebrew slaves, but after the siege ended, the slaves were enslaved again. The article examines the motivations behind Zedekiah's edict and discusses possible reasons such as military, economic, and religious aspects. Parallels are also drawn to similar events in Greek city-states during the classical age. [Extracted from the article]

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Abstract: Older patients face an increased risk of complications and adverse outcomes during and after operations, interventions, and intense oncological therapies. At the same time, this patient group should not be excluded per se from potentially beneficial medical procedures based on chronological age alone. The timely identification of geriatric syndromes and increased vulnerability by means of comprehensive geriatric assessment is becoming increasingly important and is already recommended in the guidelines of professional societies of several medical disciplines. Nonetheless, the geriatric assessment should ideally be followed by proactive co-management in the sense of integrated care. The establishment of interdisciplinary and integrated care pathways for older hospital patients can contribute to significantly improved treatment outcomes. In addition to better patient-related outcomes and rising quality indicators, this approach may also offer positive health economic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the age of the structures, the greatly increased traffic load effects, the heavy use of salt as a de-icing agent and due to deviations of today's design regulations from earlier regulations, the current bridge stock in Germany partly shows deficiencies with regard to the condition of the structure and also deficiencies with regard to the calculated load-bearing capacity. In the course of maintaining the traffic infrastructure, it is therefore to be expected that many bridge structures will have to be replaced by new ones in the future. The necessary dismantling of large bridges is a complex task. In recent years, several large bridges have already been successfully dismantled and replaced by new structures. In this article, selected structural features of the deconstruction of large bridges are explained and experiences from past projects are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]