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Copyright of Glottotheory is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of linguistic phenomena in media texts based on code-switching and code-mixing is a pressing issue, since their linguistic level reflects global processes of the multipolar world development. In particular, it results in post-standard modern languages and translingual idioms where language contact occurs. The article aims at determining the Spanglish language glocal space continuum at the lexical, semantic and grammatical levels. The material is based on tweets by the American satirist Rachel Figueroa, writing under the pseudonym Miguel Bloombito, for 2017–2022, selected using the continuous sampling method. A corpus of 1073 tweets was compiled and studied using morphological, syntactic, lexical and semantic analysis followed by statistical processing and mapping. The result is the identification of four modus categories that express meanings corresponding to glocal space. Methods for transmitting these meanings at the lexical, semantic and grammatical levels in Spanglish have been identified as well. Thus, it has been established that this translingual idiom boasts a full-fledged system of units and levels, which effectively conveys the meanings of all modus categories under consideration. In addition, data mapping allows us to conclude that Spanglish effectively performs communication tasks both within the same locale and between different locales. Finally, the study does not only empirically prove the validity of one of the hypotheses regarding the glocal space infinity, including its linguistic representation, but also demonstrates that modern language contact models correspond not to geography, but to the logistics of communication flows between various glocalized locales determined by geostrategic interests.

The present volume "Language Contrast and Multilingualism" contains contributions that were presented as part of a lecture series at the University of Duisburg/Essen. The topics revolve around multilingualism and the role of linguistic comparison in the field of German as a foreign and second language. The volume is intended to be used in teacher training programs. The contributions address various aspects, including language contact resulting from migration and contact with Romance languages. Methodological problems related to the inclusion of heritage languages in German language instruction and the importance of phraseology are also discussed. Other topics include language typology, multilingualism among students studying German, and the temporal system in Bulgarian. Conceptual designs for Romanian didactics and a communicative-oriented German as a foreign language instruction are also presented. The volume provides extensive bibliographies and can be useful for specific questions regarding multilingualism didactics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of German Language & Literature / Istanbul Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyai Dergisi / Studien zur Deutschen Sprache und Literatur is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Glottotheory is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The paper examines the semantics and distribution of the polyfunctional Hill Mari focus particle =ok. We describe two interpretations of =ok ­possible on a wide range of hosts: the exhaustive use and the counteradditive use; besides, we consider several uses that are only possible with a lexically or semantically conditioned set of entities. We argue that =ok falls into a class of devices with not-at-issue exhaustive inferences, along with the English it-cleft and some other cross-linguistic counterparts. We discuss the implications that the Hill Mari data have for the typology of this class of constructions: Hill Mari =ok suggests that discourse givenness of the denotation of the focus constituent is an important dimension along which such elements vary across languages. Besides, in this paper we draw an areal comparison of the Hill Mari =ok with its counterparts in the Volga-Kama languages: Meadow Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Bashkir, and Udmurt. Although the origin and the general set of readings are the same, the ­syntactic behavior of =okâs counterparts varies significantly.

In this paper, we discuss the remarkable decrease in the use of French-origin loanwords and loan suffixes in Late Modern Dutch. We consider both changes to be lexical changes since the decrease in loan suffixes such as the verbal suffix -eren appears to result from a shift in certain lexical choices as well (Rutten/Vosters/van der Wal 2015). Our data come from the newly compiled Language of Leiden Corpus (LOL Corpus), developed at Leiden University in the context of a project on the historical Dutch-French contact situation. The main aim of the project is to assess empirically the supposed ‘Frenchification’ of Dutch in the Early Modern period (Frijhoff 2015). The LOL Corpus comprises data from seven social domains (Academy, Charity, Economy, Literature, Private life, Public opinion, Religion) significant in the history of the city Leiden from 1500 to 1899. Leiden was chosen as it was one of the important urban centers in Holland, attracting many migrants, including French-speaking labor migrants and Huguenots. The results for both words and suffixes borrowed from French show a gradual increase from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and a remarkable decrease from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. The results partially confirm the ongoing and intensifying influence of French on Dutch in the Early Modern period, depending strongly however on the social domain involved (Assendelft/Rutten/van der Wal 2023a). At the same time, the results also show an unanticipated ‘Dutchification’ in more recent times. We relate these ‘Dutchifying’ lexical changes to the national language planning efforts emerging in the eighteenth century, following the rise of the standard language ideology from the middle of the eighteenth century onwards. These language planning efforts led to the official codification of Dutch in 1804/1805, which targeted spelling and grammar. Previous research has shown the significant influence of the officialization of Dutch, both on the field of education and on language use (Rutten 2019). In this paper, we argue that the successful language policy had the surprising side effect of inspiring language users to exchange sometimes long-established loans for originally Dutch words.

The paper presents an overview of Fula and Wolof numeral systems. Fula is represented by six major lects, for which cardinal, ordinal, distributive, fraction, and human forms of numerals are analyzed. Wolof is the closest relative of Fula, and for this language cardinal and ordinal numeral systems are also analyzed. Apart from the numerals themselves, the syntax of the noun phrase which contains a numeral is analyzed for each language. The language contacts and borrowings are also included in the analysis.

Tjhauba, spoken in northwestern Botswana, is a regional variety of the Bantu language Kgalagadi. Tjhauba exhibits a number of striking linguistic differences with respect to other, previously described Kgalagadi varieties, some the result of language-internal changes, but mostly due to contact with different surrounding Khoisan and Bantu languages. Making use of newly collected field data, this paper shows that Tjhauba has an extensive inventory of click phonemes, contrasting different click accompaniments and, in the speech of elderly speakers, also different click types. Tracing the sources of Tjhauba click words shows that these originate in different Khoisan languages, but also in the Bantu click language Yeyi. Semantically, click words, but also loanwords that do not contain clicks, cluster in the domain of flora and fauna, particularly species found in or close to water. These linguistic findings also shed light on the history of Tjhauba speakers. The adoption of a large number of click phonemes suggests intensive language contact, as still evidenced by ongoing Tjhauba/Khwe bilingualism. A number of the likely source languages for Tjhauba click words are no longer spoken in the area, suggesting contact situations that are no longer ongoing. Furthermore, clicks occur in loanwords, but unlike in neighbouring Bantu click languages, there is no evidence that clicks were also extended to inherited Tjhauba words. This suggests that the sound symbolic or identity marking functions of clicks as posited for other Bantu click languages do not play a role in Tjhauba.

Copyright of Sprachreport is the property of Institut fuer Deutsche Sprache and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschicht is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The town of Križevci in north-western Croatia is located in a region where agriculture is one of the main economic activities. Historically, it is the former Military Frontier established by the Habsburgs in the 16th century to ward off the westward encroaching Ottomans. The presence of the Austrian army in the Military Frontier led to lively German-Croatian language contact, since German was not only the language of command, but was also used as the official language of administration. The dominance of German in the public life of the Military Frontier favored the adoption of many German loanwords into Croatian and played a significant role in the development of Croatian agricultural terminology at the beginning of the 20th century. Professional texts from the agricultural scientific journal “Gospodarska smotra”, which was published between 1909 and 1919, form the template for the research corpus for the following paper. In particular, it was researched how the German agricultural terms are embedded in the Croatian text and which adaptation processes had an effect on the borrowing and integration into Croatian. It was established that when German technical terms were adopted into Croatian, various forms of loan creations were used, with German technical term compounds being replaced by various forms of attributive compounds. Furthermore, many text passages from the research corpus contain reflections and arguments by their authors on the concept of technical language in general and thus offer a valuable source for sociolinguistic and technical language follow-up research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensity of the language contact belongs to numerous sociodemographic variables that influence the language competence of preschool children. This study aimed to examine associations between 16 variables related to the language contact and German language competence of multilingual children. Four-year-old kindergarten children (N = 824) were examined with the language test "Kindersprachscreening" (KiSS.2; Holler-Zittlau/Euler/Neumann 2011). Correlations between children's and their parents' age of contact to German and children's language competence were weak to moderate. The same is valid for the use of German at home. Weak German language skills of children speaking Turkish and Arabic were associated with their limited contact to German both in the family and beyond. Their German language competence depended predominantly on how often German was used at home. All other children acquired German predominantly in day care facilities. Therefore, their German language skills did not depend much on the language input in the family. To sum up, intensive language contact was, at best, moderately associated with age-appropriate German language skills. Significant differences in the command of the German language among largest ethnic or linguistic subgroups could be traced back to sociodemographic differences in the children's and their families' characteristics. Active use of German at home was more important for those immigrant subgroups that do not attend any day care facilities before kindergarten age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case studies collected in this thematic issue focus on specific constellations of "Names in Motion", adaptation processes of anthroponyms and toponyms in standard dialect diglossia and in language contact. Constellations of internal and external multilingualism prove to be a rich source for structural adaptation processes and the emergence of onymic variants. Within adaptation processes, the medial dimension of variation between orality and literacy plays a crucial role. In the introduction, we first present the individual contributions, and then discuss crossconnections and explore possible generalizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a particular speech style or speaking a language variety such as a multi-ethnolect implies a continuous 'act of identity', i.e. a way of self-positioning through which speakers develop and consolidate a sense of belonging to a group. Starting with this assumption, this paper depicts the close correlations between linguistic variables and definition of macro-sociological categories for multilingual speakers. We will firstly focus on the main peculiarities of a new way of speaking emerging in multiethnic urban Germany (often referred to as 'Kiezdeutsch'), which combines features of a youth language with those of a contact language; then we will examine the major functions of sociolinguistic variation in social meaning construction as well as in the process of shaping one's own linguistic and cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German-speaking Europeans who migrated to Peru in 1857 consisted of approximately 300 individuals. Two-thirds of this population came from various Tyrolean dialect areas, while the remaining third originated from different provinces of the Rhineland. Thus, the German dialects spoken by both groups were inhomogeneous. The extreme conditions on the trek to the settlement destination altered their language makeup. Families with many children, being less mobile, were forced to align with the Tyrolean priest Josef Egg and reached the colony under his guidance. Meanwhile, almost half of the other settlers left the group. This migration pattern resulted in two distinct settler groups in Pozuzo: firstly, the Tyroleans, who came mainly from Tyrol’s Upper Inn Valley, whose dialects were fairly homogeneous and who had a stronger personal bond with the project’s spiritual leader. Secondly, the smaller group of Rhinelanders. They faced increasing pressure to assimilate, a development which favoured the emergence of the Tyrolean settlers’ Tirolés, as it is called today in Spanish. Tirolés is a new German settler dialect that evolved on the linguistic basis of Pozuzo’s specific contact situation. Currently, the district of Pozuzo (province of Oxapampa, department Pasco, Peru) is home to about 9.000 residents, less than 20 percent of them being of European decent. Among young people fluent Tirolés speakers are exceedingly rare. However, many enroll in German language courses at local schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the specific linguistic situation of print media in German language abroad based on the example of the "Batschkaer Spuren", a regional newspaper of the German minority in Hungary. The goal is a linguistic assessment of the current manifestations of the used media language regarding its typological structures and fundamental characteristics. Additionally, journalistic possibilities and types of procedures, specifically with regards to regionalisms (informed by local dialects), multilingualism, and inter- as well as transculturality are discussed. The study identified a spectrum of minority-specific patterns und types of linguistic composition with highly variable characteristics of German. The analyzed linguistic practices of the newspaper show a type of dynamic multiliteracy that in itself causes an emergence of new patterns. The majority of findings can be attributed to multilingual or language-contact induced phenomena on different levels: from word to text/discourse (the text routines are occasionally influenced by the contact language Hungarian). The other central aspect of the analyzed text world lies in the regionalisms that are influenced by local dialects. The complete picture is determined by heterogeneity and inconsistency and presents itself as a mixture of linguistic and stylistic forms. Especially noteworthy is the established conflict between orality and scribality i.e., between a "language of proximity" and a "language of distance". Hence, the analyzed newspaper articles present a large quantity of forms and structures of every-day written language that metaphorically can be termed "Parlando texts". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indogermanische Forschungen: Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indogermanische Forschungen: Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanistisches Jahrbuch is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the start of each research enterprise, historical sociolinguists have to deal with the key issue of the required historical data. In the present world of big data optimism, the idea may arise that the time-consuming compilation of specialised corpora is no longer needed. Can taking a shortcut still lead us to convincing results? In this article I discuss the crucial relationship between specific research questions and appropriate historical data. This methodological issue will be illustrated by concentrating on three historical-sociolinguistic research programmes, conducted at Leiden University: Letters as loot: Towards a non-standard view on the history of Dutch (2008-2013), Going Dutch: The construction of Dutch in policy, practice and discourse (2013-2018) and Pardon my French? Dutch-French language contact in the Netherlands, 1500-1900 (2018-2023). What do we learn from these large-scale projects which address different research questions and focus on different periods in the history of Dutch? The use of specific sources, handwritten material such as ego-documents, a multi-genre approach and details of corpus compilation will be discussed. The various approaches and results are considered against the background of methodological developments and current debates in historical sociolinguistics. I argue and conclude that the careful compilation of specialised corpora remains essential as a solid foundation for historical sociolinguistic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides insights into the language situation of the three-generation (G1-G3) Albanian language group (n=120) in Germany and Switzerland and presents their attitudes towards varieties of both languages (Albanian-German). According to the results, the respondents are positively disposed towards both languages and attach a high value to them. Standard German achieves the highest values, while dialects of this language come last in the ranking. The results also show that respondents in Switzerland deal with diglossia more openly and are thus better anchored in Swiss society than the Albanian group in Germany. Finally, our data show that most respondents see their future in Germany and Switzerland and that there is no significant correlation between language attitudes and future career prospects.

This paper identifies causes of grammatical borrowing and related grammatical phenomena in L1 English L2 Czech immigrant speech. This study contributes to the literature on causes of grammatical borrowing and considers key ideas including social pressure (Thomason and Kaufman 1988), cognitive pressure (Matras 1998; Sanchez 2005) and gap filling (Campbell 1993). Thirteen semistructured interviews were conducted. Participants were affected by social pressure and cognitive pressure surrounding their language use, whether it acted as a driving or inhibiting factor in terms of grammatical borrowing. Participants also engage in borrowing akin to “language play” (Porte 2003: 116) with those close to them; it is a conscious choice to borrow in these cases and it usually represents matter (MAT) (Matras and Sakel 2007) borrowing (Castle 2021a). This paper proposes a new model which considers both conscious and subconscious borrowing whilst also considering factors inhibiting the possibility of borrowing.

In this article the bilingual and polyglot dictionaries that include the German language issued between 1918 and 1933 are listed. Of these, two dictionaries of special terminology are detailed (one dictionary of forestry terms and one of botanical terms). Closely corresponding to immediate practical needs, such dictionaries represent a specific type of lexicography since 1918 to 1933.

Bibliotheken wollen und sollen inklusive Orte für alle Menschen sein und eine positive und wertschätzende Atmosphäre schaffen. Teil davon ist der respektvolle Umgang mit Nutzenden, sowohl im direkten Kontakt vor Ort als auch beim Kontakt über Anmeldeformulare und Webseiten. Im Rahmen des digitalen Denklabors „Critical Library Perspectives“, das im Mai und Juni 2022 von der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin und der Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin veranstaltet wurde, haben wir uns mit gendersensibler Sprache im Kontakt mit Bibliotheksnutzenden auseinandergesetzt. Im ersten Teil werten wir stichprobenartig Anmeldeformulare und Webseiten aus, um ein aktuelles Bild vom Stand der Umsetzung und Anwendung gendersensibler Sprache in diesen Bereichen zu erhalten. Im zweiten Teil verknüpfen wir Anmelde- sowie Auskunftsgespräche vor Ort und deren Ziele mit der Anwendung gendersensibler Sprache. Aus dieser Verknüpfung entsteht eine konkrete Handlungsempfehlung für Mitarbeitende in Auskunftssituationen, wenn diese eine Person misgendert haben. Libraries want to and should be inclusive places for all people and create a positive and appreciative atmosphere. Part of this is respectful interaction with users, both in direct contact on site and in contact via registration forms and websites. As part of the digital Scholar’s Lab "Critical Library Perspectives", organized by the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin and the University Library of Freie Universität Berlin in May and June 2022, we explored gender-sensitive language in contact with library users. In the first part, we evaluate registration forms and websites to get an up-to-date picture of the state of implementation and use of gender-sensitive language in these settings. In the second part, we link on-site registration as well as reference interviews and their goals with the use of gender-sensitive language. This link results in a practical recommendation for librarians on how to act in case they misgendered a person face-to-face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Slawistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the description of language interference as the main process in creating the regional identity of the Russian language in Donbass. The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that it is the first attempt to identify the role and forms of language interference in the formation of a regiolect, moreover, the object of research of the processes of language systems interaction is the Donetsk diffuse regiolect, which arose on the South Russian language base as a result of interference of closely related languages and regiolects. The stated subject involves the identification of types, zones, models and participants of interference interaction. The purpose of the article is to determine the sources and results of language interference that occurred during the formation of the Donetsk diffuse regiolect. The author uses general scientific and linguistic methods and techniques for analyzing regionalisms, in particular, comparative, descriptive methods, methods of collecting and processing sociolinguistic data, specialized methods for determining regionalisms. The use of basic methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the observation method when considering Donetsk language phenomena, allowed the author to determine the Russian basis of the Donetsk regiolect, its diffuse nature, to justify the implementation in regional modifying the “interference absorption” model of external (different language and different regiolect) and internal (idiom) language phenomena, to establish the language zones of interference interaction, the main language systems that participated in the formation of the Donetsk regiolect, and the degree of their participation in this process. The obtained theoretical conclusions can be used in the study of the regiolects of the territories of late settlement, formed on the basis of closely related languages and regiolects, for example, Russian and Ukrainian, Russian and Belorussian, etc.

The Chronicle of the parish Zawada Ks. provides an insight into the older and more recent history of an Upper Silesian parish. Written by, initially only German, later both German- and Polish-speaking pastor, the language of the chronicle illustrates the language contacts in multiple areas. The article focuses on contact phenomena that can be observed at the level of orthography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Romanistik in Geschichte und Gegenwart is the property of Helmut Buske Verlag Hamburg and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses lexical borrowings from German into Czech. It is a continuation of our previous paper which deals with German-Czech language contact in Central Europe (Zeman 2021). Due to the longstanding coexistence of both the Czech and German/Austrian ethnics, lots of German/Austrian loan-words became domesticated in the Czech. A significant language contact area in Central Europe is the contact area which is based on the former centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From this contact area, a remarkable territory emerged in Vienna that was particularly affected by the influence of Czech on German. Although there has been a high degree of inter-national mixing at various stages in history, there was never any real harm done to the essence of either of the two languages. A fascinating aspect is the parallel changes in pronunciation in both languages, for example, in vowel sounds and diphthongs. Today it is generally accepted that, to make these sound changes, both languages had to develop similar internal expectations and that these developed in parallel. Aim is a short description of phonological and morphological adaptation of the German loan words in south Moravian variety. The paper enabled to confirm that the phonological and morphological structures of German loan words in south Moravian variety are more differentiated than those of German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates gender variation and change in the grammatical gender system of the indrefinnmarksmål dialect. The interior of Finnmark county, Indre Finnmark, has historically been closely linked to the Finno-Ugric population. The coexistence of Norwegian as a representative of the Indo-European languages and Sámi or Kven as representatives of the Uralic languages may have resulted in several specific features. In this article, I focus on morphological features related to grammatical gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to contribute to the analysis of the morphosyntactic processes of gender assignment and gender agreement in inflectional languages, through the study of gender variation in Russian. We will focus on the data of a special contact variety, Odessa Russian (OdR), and compare it to standard, dialectal, child Russian, as well as other contact varieties of Russian. OdR is a linguistic variety slightly decomplexified by non-native acquisition, which arises from a special language contact situation; it originated as a lingua franca, and was passed on later to successive generations of speakers as a native variety. Some of the most striking features of OdR are its divergences in gender assignment and agreement with respect to Standard Russian. The specific processes analysed in this paper are classified in three groups: (i) loss of a gender value (neuter gender), by virtue if a strategy of gender (re)assignment; (ii) transfer or 'migration' of gender according to the phonological shape of the words involved (masculine into feminine and feminine into masculine); interestingly, formal rules in this group of processes can sometimes prevail over semantic rules (i. e. over natural gender); and (iii) disruptions of gender agreement (associated with disruption of grammatical case), which can be interpreted as the simplification of the corresponding syntactic tree by eliminating uninterpretable gender features in the language. We will show that these processes go beyond mere substrata effects, and proceed according to more general processes that partially take place also in other (contact and non-contact) varieties of Russian. More specifically: (i) occasional changes in the assignment and agreement of gender are reminiscent of dialectal Russian, but are more widespread in OdR (closer to child language) than in those varieties; (ii) even if gender in OdR was not lost as a grammatical category, some productions point to a partial loss of gender features, reminding us of pidgins and heritage languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides insights into the language situation of the threegeneration (G1-G3) Albanian language group (n=120) in Germany and Switzerland and presents their attitudes towards varieties of both languages (Albanian-German). According to the results, the respondents are positively disposed towards both languages and attach a high value to them. Standard German achieves the highest values, while dialects of this language come last in the ranking. The results also show that respondents in Switzerland deal with diglossia more openly and are thus better anchored in Swiss society than the Albanian group in Germany. Finally, our data show that most respondents see their future in Germany and Switzerland and that there is no significant correlation between language attitudes and future career prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mnohojazyčnost je v současnosti víceméně nevědomě používaný fenomén. I vzhledem k propojování nejrůznějších jazyků zůstává nejdůležitějším faktorem komunikace vzájemné porozumění. Příspěvek poukazuje na možnosti setkávání různých jazyků a na důsledky těchto kontaktů. Jeden z procesů, ve kterém mohou jazyky ve svých formulacích splývat, je code-switching. Studie na svých vybraných příkladech dokazuje koexistenci prvků mluveného jazyka v psané formě jazyka. Cílem je tedy zkoumání psaného jazyka s ohledem na tendenci k ústní či písemné koncepční formě jazyka a fungování střídání jazyků v komunikativně zaměřeném psaném jazyce, prezentované na třech druzích textu. Na základě teoretických poznatků o existujících formách střídání jazykových kódů jsou v empirické části studie příkladové excerpty podrobeny kvalitativní jazykové analýze a představeny výsledky výzkumu.

The study presented here is the first contemporary investigation of the subjective compared to the objective ethnolinguistic vitality of West Frisian. West Frisian is a minority language spoken in the province of Fryslân, in the north of the Netherlands. The objective ethnolinguistic vitality of the language was established on the basis of policy documents and statistical data. To investigate the subjective ethnolinguistic vitality of the language, rich qualitative data were gathered by means of a questionnaire, which – due to low literacy rates – was administered to West Frisian speakers (N=15) in person. The primarily open-ended items in the questionnaire targeted different aspects of the three main socio-structural factors that constitute the ethnolinguistic vitality of a language: that is, status, demography, and institutional support. Content analysis was performed on the questionnaire data, using rounds of deductive and inductive coding and analysis. The results suggest that West Frisian has a certain amount of vitality, which constitutes a good basis for language planning to ensure its continued maintenance. Moreover, the findings indicate that overall, the subjective vitality tallies with the objective vitality in terms of status, demography, and institutional support. However, two aspects raised concern among the participants: firstly, as part of the status of West Frisian, there was concern about the language's presence in the linguistic landscape (where subjective vitality matched objective vitality, but participants explicitly expressed the desire for a more persistent and pervasive presence of the language in public spaces); and secondly, as part of the institutional support for West Frisian, there was concern about the role of the language in the education system (where subjective vitality did not match objective vitality). The article discusses what implications the findings of this exploratory study – should they hold true – would have for language planning in the province of Fryslân.

This paper explores the current use of the verb like in sequences such as “me likey”. This new use is practically limited to modern variant spellings (likey, likee, like-y and likie) and resembles the original (and now obsolete) impersonal structure of the verb in which the experiencer was encoded in the objective case and the verb was used invariably, among other aspects. However, rather than the re-emergence of an impersonal construction, the sequence “me likey” seems to be the result of a situation of language contact and it is in line with the informalisation of English as seen, for example, in the increasing tendency for objective pronouns to be used in subject position in a variety of constructions. In light of the evidence from the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the TV Corpus, we can conclude that the sequence is used in highly informal registers, and that it tends to appear in rather formulaic expressions, especially in two-word sequences.

The article "Everyday Language Learning in Chinese Language Education" deals with the promotion of language and cultural competence in Chinese language education. Various steps and approaches to promote language contact, language awareness, and cultural awareness are presented. The importance of digital competence is also emphasized. The article also mentions the linguistic landscape and its role in foreign language didactics. Various sources and studies on this topic are mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal for Central European German Studies / Zeitschrift für Mitteleuropäische Germanistik is the property of Praesens Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios de Traducción is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we first outline previous research on the morphosyntax and phonology of the varieties of Judeo-Spanish spoken in Bulgaria. Second, we discuss the research gaps resulting from our literature survey and present the research questions that will be addressed in the project “Judeo-Spanish in Bulgaria: a contact language between archaism and innovation”, funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) for a period of three years (2022–2025). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, a collective monograph was published in Olomouc dedicated to the nature of the Czech language and culture in Volhynia in today’s Ukraine, overviewing the settlement and history of Czech migrants in this area, including culture-specific features of the local Czech identity, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Language features, which play a significant role, are also described. The volume sheds light on phenomena of language contact, in subsystems such as phonetics and phonology, morphosyntax, and lexicology. In this context, the authors present and analyze empirical material. The book is an important contribution to the study of Czech cultural heritage outside the country’s borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the origin of the epithet Τιαμου, which modifies the name of the Moon-god in a number of Greek inscriptions from Lydia dated to the 2nd-3rd century AD. All the etymological explanations provided so far will be taken into account, especially the Anatolian one, which, based on the existence of a Moon-god (κατα)χθόνιος, tries to establish a connection between Τιαμου and an Anatolian outcome of the PIE root for 'earth' (cf. Hitt. tēkan, Luw. tiyamm(i)-). After having discussed the arguments in favour and against both a Lydian and a Luwian origin, it will be argued that the latter seems to be most likely, although the possibility of a Lydian mediation remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's European cities exhibit a great cultural and linguistic diversity. Highly diverse urban areas bring together people from different sociolinguistic backgrounds and thus facilitate intense language contact, with speakers accessing diverse linguistic resources that they creatively use and mix (cf. e. g. Wiese 2020; Otsuji/Pennycook 2010; Pennycook/Otsuji 2015). Such linguistic practices include code-switching. In previous research on code-switching the focus was on relatively homogeneous settings, mostly bilingual communities (cf. Poplack 2015; Torres Cacoullos/Travis 2015; Bullock/Toribio 2009). As a part of a larger project, we collected spontaneous speech data through audio and video recordings from a highly diverse street market in Berlin-Neukölln that is popular among locals and tourists, the "Maybachufer-Markt". The analysis of our data reveals new insights with respect to sociolinguistic motivations underlying code-switching. In light of commercial intentions, vendors try to switch to a language according to how they construct the customers' identity (cf. Bucholtz/Hall 2005; Pfaff-Czarnecka 2011). Besides vendors also commodify specific languages or multilingualism (Heller 2010) based on their and others' language attitudes or they switch to a language for the purpose of maintaining the communication in sales conversations. Correlating these different factors, we will argue that code-switching is used with a commercial motivation in interactions between vendors and customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lexicographica is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)