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The article "The Ukraine War and its Consequences for Russia" deals with the impact of the war in Ukraine on Russia. Russia was unable to achieve its war goals and is now confronted with the consequences of the war. This has led to political instability, social and regional division, as well as a loss of international influence. The population of Russia is affected to varying degrees by the consequences of the war, especially families of military personnel, soldiers, and war refugees. Nevertheless, the state of the country during the war seems to have established itself as the norm. There are different opinions on the war and the general development, with support for the army being high, but at the same time, there is a need for peace negotiations. In Russia, no official state of war or state of emergency has been declared, but laws have been enacted that restrict political basic rights and freedoms. The article describes the restriction of political, democratic, and fundamental spaces in Russia, as well as the persecution of oppositional opinions. Nevertheless, President Putin's popularity remains high as he is perceived as a guarantor of stability and security. Russia's foreign policy has turned away from a partnership with the West and is now oriented towards China, India, and Latin America. The vision of a common economic area from Lisbon to Vladivostok has failed, and Russia is economically dependent on China. The search for new paths is difficult as public debates during the war are hardly possible. [Extracted from the article]

At the 55th Congress for General Medicine and Family Medicine (DEGAM) in Lübeck, the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) medical service was represented for the first time with several contributions at a DEGAM congress. Family physicians form the largest group of specialists in the Bundeswehr. In speciality training as well as in provided care there are large overlaps between civilian family physicians and those in the armed forces. The aim of this article is to report on the workshop "Learning together and from one another - synergy potentials in speciality training and care between the medical services of the Bundeswehr and civilian family medicine". Brief lectures and presentations of the current postgraduate training and care models from both "worlds" on the subjects of postgraduate training to become a family physician in the armed forces, the competence-based general medicine curriculum and the German network of competence centers in postgraduate training formed starting points for a joint discussion. The first very specific plan that emerged was participation in and use of the competence centers for postgraduate training by trainers and trainees in the armed forces, in order to promote exchange at this level as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female members of soldiers' families, often described by contemporaries as „the ones left behind”, were doubly affected by war: They had to let their husbands and sons go off to war but at the same time were faced with all the difficulties of everyday life at home. In the early days of the war, their situation was discussed not only in the daily media but also by writers and others in the publishing world, as well as by family members who described their emotions and experiences in war diaries and personal testimonials. By pooling these various sources it is possible to paint a detailed picture of the motivations and reactions of family members at the beginning of the war. The diverse reports and rumours of the violent excesses of the Russian armies in East Prussia played a particularly important and dynamic role in both the literary works and the personal testimonials. By recasting an abstract concept of defence into a concrete notion of resistance it was possible to explicitly justify sacrificing husbands and sons, confirm the interpretation of the war as a war of defence and reinforce the willingness to fight it. Furthermore, these texts depict very different emotional regimes for men and women. The older mothers of soldiers, for example, were portrayed as the antithesis of the young enthusiastic war volunteers. Worry and fear were attributed to these women in the texts, whereas the enthusiasm of the young men was sympathetically depicted as naive. With the aid of such interpretations it was possible to distinguish between the public role-model image and the individual positions as evidenced by the accounts in personal testimonials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquest article té per objectiu exposar les raons que justifiquen i emparen l’anunciada creació d’un consell estatal dels mitjans audiovisuals, destinat a cobrir el buit a escala estatal pel que fa a l’existència d’una autoritat audiovisual independent que tingui atribuïda la supervisió del sector audiovisual en l’àmbit de les competències de l’Estat, en la línia dels organismes reguladors d’aquest tipus que existeixen als països del nostre entorn i també a algunes comunitats autònomes. Així mateix, i a partir de l’Avantprojecte de llei de creació del consell esmentat, es proposa analitzar la seva configuració i quines característiques hauria de tenir que siguin idònies a fi d’assegurar la independència en la seva actuació.

L'article examina la situació de la regulació audiovisual a Espanya (únic país europeu sense una autoritat independent en el sector), i els reptes plantejats pel nou context dels mitjans: convergència tecnològica, concentració, europeïtzació. Tot i que alguns d'aquests desenvolupaments poden dificultar la creació d'una autoritat reguladora, els principals arguments són politicoculturals. Igualment, cal examinar la integració o cooperació entre autoritats reguladores dels diversos nivells territorials.

El tractament bibliogràfic de les autoritats de regulació de l’audiovisual ha estat condicionat a Espanya per la particular evolució i les característiques de la normativa reguladora en matèria de serveis audiovisuals. Més concretament, la inexistència, a data d’avui, d’una autoritat independent de regulació a escala estatal ha fet que l’atenció s’hagi centrat de manera particular en les experiències comparades i en els models d’autoritat que han anat sorgint en el si de determinades comunitats autònomes. En qualsevol cas, es tracta d’un debat que no pot ser separat de la qüestió més àmplia relativa a l’abast de les anomenades autoritats administratives independents, així com, més concretament, de les necessitats que es deriven de la regulació de la comunicació audiovisual en un entorn democràtic.

According to the ruling of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany it is unconstitutional if members of the mandatory insurance against long-term care have to pay contributions that are not conditional on the number of their children. This article takes a critical view on child-related contribution payments. It is argued that such a policy is not well targeted and not well founded in welfare economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on services and benefits for families in Germany, highlighting issues related to basing social services on need or on income. Services discussed include child allowance and tax exemption for dependent children. Alternatives to these tax-based services include family income splitting and base tax exemptions for families with children.

This article presents the topic of §1524, paragraph 1 of the West German Reichsversicherungsordnung (RVO), which the author finds problematic. The particular section of the RVO deals with the carriers of social security and what recourse the dependents have in maintaining services provided by the insurance companies.

The article discusses family aid in German health insurance, which grants the entitlement of ill family members to medical benefits of the insured. The author reviews the history of such dependent medical benefits from 1911 forward. Inconsistencies in regulations cited show that the system in place has socially unfair effects. This family health insurance is said to be in need of legal reform.

The article discusses the social insurance system in India, noting the changes made for family members of insured persons introduced in 1958/59 that allow them to receive medical coverage and treatment. Progress made in the implementation of these changes is highlighted and statistics pertaining to medical benefits are presented. Additionally, health conditions in Indian industry are outlined.

The article discusses social security provisions for those in West Germany eligible for compulsory military service and their dependents as of a July 1956 law. Four protective laws are described covering income, securing a livelihood, soldiers' welfare, and their employment protection. Details of the legislation and benefits provided are enumerated.

The article discusses a law designed to bring uniformity to the variant unemployment regulations governing the German provinces in different occupation zones. The difference between the monetary unemployment benefit and unemployment relief is explained. Supplemental benefits for dependents of the unemployed are reviewed.

The article discusses social security with respect to independent professionals. The professional is said to be a carrier of a public, social responsibility, even if and when an independent, and thus socially obligated to provide life, disability, and retirement insurance for himself and his family dependents.

The article discusses a number of provisions in the second German law reforming benefits for war victims. Figures are presented showing significant increases in benefit payment amounts for those with diminished work capacity, for those with severe disabilities, and for survivors, primarily widows and dependent parents.

Speaking at the September 1984 general assembly of the Gesellschaft für Versicherungswissenschaft und -gestaltung (Society for Insurance Science and Organization), Dr. Bernd von Maydell of the University of Bonn, Germany, addressed the problematics of surviving dependents' entitlements. He also criticized a federal legislative proposal on regulations governing widows' pensions.

The article discusses proposed legislation in the German parliament that would raise from 221 Deutsche Marks (DM) to 338 DM the amount of a debtor's monthly salary that would be exempt from garnishment. If a wage earner has dependents, the exemption is to increase from 52 DM to an additional 130 DM monthly for the first dependent and from 39 DM to 91 DM for each additional dependent.