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Discusses the development of St. Petersburg University, Russia, from its inception in 1819 when it was composed of dedicated, eager scholars to the purges in 1821. Concludes that Tsar Alexander I was instrumental in these purges because of his fear that the ideals of European enlightenment in education and politics fostered by the university would result in revolution. (KC)

A vivid illustration of the successes of U.S.–Soviet diplomacy during the period of allied relations was the magazine Amerika, published in the United States in Russian and distributed in the USSR. The magazine was intended to inform Soviet citizens about real American life, familiarize them with the achievements of the United States in science and culture. It was important to present American literature on the pages of the magazine: authors new to Soviet readers and stories by well-known writers translated into Russian for the first time. The article concludes that, along with the rest of the magazine's content, its literary section sought to demonstrate American prosperity and emphasize the closeness of American and Russian cultures. After the war, however, relations between the two countries went into decline again. The USSR continued to translate, censor, and distribute Amerika, but at the same time launched a campaign against the magazine in the Soviet press. In 1952, the symbol of US — Soviet alliance of 1941–1945 ceased to exist. The canceled project was restarted however four years later. The history of the magazine is reconstructed on the basis of Soviet press and archival materials, including transcripts of conversations, Agitprop reports, correspondence between the U.S. Ambassador to the USSR W.A. Harriman and V.M. Molotov, the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR A.A. Gromyko and the U.S. Charge d'Affaires in the USSR W. Barbour.

A library of Ukrainian literature (BUL) was established in Moscow as early as 1918 and remained open until the end of the 1930s. With perestroika, enthusiasts of Ukrainian nationality reinvented this idea. With the support of librarians and the Moscow city administration, a vibrant special library for Ukrainian literature developed. It was initially able to develop well depending on good official relations between the governments of both countries. As intergovernmental relations deteriorated, the BUL became a pawn in big politics. The article sheds light on this development and illustrates the influence of political and legal decisions on the work of public libraries in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the summer of 1974, the University Library of LMU Munich was under serious suspicion of censorship: It was accused of having deliberately withdrawn works of the sociologist and Communist Party member Horst Holzer from use. The incident triggered a huge press echo in West Germany, as it seemed to confirm all the clichés of a repressive CSU state in Bavaria. A working group set up by the Association of German Librarians on „Obstruction of Freedom of Information or Access to Information" also dealt with the incriminated accusations. The essay reconstructs the affair based on archival source material and contextualises it with the Student Rebellion at the LMU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Artificial Intelligence" by Heinrichs, Bert; Heinrichs, Jan-Hendrik; Rüther is a comprehensive compendium that demonstrates the close connection between AI research and philosophy or ethics. It discusses the most important achievements of Artificial Intelligence and raises philosophical questions regarding the connection between computers and the human brain. The book provides a well-founded introduction to the advantages and disadvantages of AI and includes historical overviews as well as real-life examples. The volume "Artificial Intelligence in Foreign Language Teaching" by Heinrichs, Heinrichs, and Rüther offers a comprehensive and well-researched discussion on various aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The authors analyze philosophical concepts such as the term "actor" and action theory in relation to AI. In the third chapter, they discuss practical applications of AI in social networks, self-driving cars, robots, and medicine, linking them to ethical questions and challenges. The concluding fourth chapter is dedicated to the future of AI and discusses literature and films on this topic. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Slawistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject matter of this paper concerns the early phase of Vasily Grossman’s literary career in the mid1930s. Prior to this period, the author proved his ability to evaluate the mechanisms of censorship and developed his understanding of what was publishable and what could be sanctioned through the publication process of his first novel (Bit Yunan, Fel’dman 2019). The research material selected for this paper is the lesserknown short story Zhizn’ Il’i Stepanovicha [The life of Il’ya Stepanovich], published in 1935, and the aim is to provide a close reading and an interpretation key to this text. In order to expose the hidden ambiguity of the short story, the chosen research perspective includes a focus on the function of the protagonist as an entity that does not legitimise the socialist myth; a narratological approach on the use of proper names, on “perspective” and the role of the narrator with regard to the axiological structure of the text.

Jan Skácel is a Czech poet whose literary production marked the second half of the 20th century, a particularly difficult historical period. In 1948 the Communist Party had implemented a coup d’état thus conquering the totalitarian management of power and had begun to accentuate the ideological control of cultural life. After a short period of easing of the censorship, in 1968 the harsh period of the so called “normalization” began: in 1970 Skácel was banned from publishing. In the decade of ban on official publishing he never left his country and never stopped writing verses, declaring his suffering, and tirelessly denouncing, often using refined figures of speech, the difficult condition of the poet reduced to silence. This article proposes an analysis of these texts following some thematic nuclei: first the poems which contain metaphors drawn from the animal world used to represent the figure of the banned poet will be analyzed, to then examine the compositions in which Skácel more explicitly and directly denounces the censorship.

Unconscious perception can only take place between two unconscious minds, as already described by Freud. This gains in significance in the context of a technique that orients itself on the structural model and that emphasizes the analyst’s unconscious. A maternalistic »receiving-received«, potentially creative unconscious can augment a paternalistic unconscious that is associated with censorship and prohibition. Corresponding conceptualizations have been provided by authors such as Bollas, Winnicott, and Bion. A case study is used to illustrate the deepening development of the analyst’s unconscious perception in the course of a long-term analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the transmission of a linocut postcard in 1971, revealing the covert message of solidarity amidst East German censorship. It delves into the story of Alfred Eberlein, the director of the University Library in Rostock, who faced imprisonment for circumventing currency restrictions to procure books, shedding light on the complexities of intellectual freedom under authoritarian regimes.

Ege Denizi’ndeki en stratejik adalardan biri olan Rodos’un hikâyesini anlatan Ziver Bey, bir tarihçiden çok edebiyat yazarıydı. Ziver Bey eserini Rodos’ta maarif müdürü olarak görev yaptığı sırada kaleme almıştı. Büyük ölçüde Batılı kaynaklardan istifade etse de iktibaslarını kişisel gözlemlerinden beslenerek desteklemişti. Eserini Rodoslular için kaleme aldığını söyleyen Ziver Bey’in kendisi de adalıydı. Bir başka ifadeyle Osmanlı adalarındaki toplumsal yapıya aşina olduğu gibi bizzat o yapının bir ürünüydü. Tarihini II. Abdulhamid Dönemi’nde yazan Ziver Bey, sürgün politikasının tesiriyle Rodos’ta yaşamaya zorlanan Osmanlı aydınlarının zenginleştirdiği fikrî bir ortamdan beslenmişti. Rodos Tarihi’ni henüz kariyer basamaklarını tırmanmakta olan bir memurken yazmıştı. Öte yandan entelektüel üretiminin kariyer yolculuğunda kendisine fayda sağlamasını ummuştu. Bu çalışma bir Tanzimat Dönemi entelektüelinin yazdığı tarihi merkeze alarak onun düşünsel mirasına, içinde bulunduğu entelektüel çevreye ve XIX. yüzyıl tarih yazım geleneğindeki yerine odaklanmaktadır. Son dönem Osmanlı tarihçilerinin eser üretme motivasyonunu taşradaki bir memurun hikâyesi üzerinden ele almaktadır. Bunların da ötesinde bir tarihçiden çok edebiyatçı olarak temayüz etmiş bir yazarın Osmanlı tarihçiliğine ne ölçüde metodolojik katkıda bulunduğu araştırılmaktadır.

The article is based on the memoirs of Colonel D.L. Kazantsev, and also on the documents of the Russian State Military Historical Archive; it deals with the military censorship practices in the Grand Duchy of Finland during the First World War. The author demonstrates that the establishment of military censorship in the territory of Finland went with delays and great difficulties. The censorship of the mail, telegrams in local languages and local periodicals sent to Finland was to be carried out. It was, however, almost impossible to exercise censorship control over the entire volume of correspondence and all printed matter. The reasons for the lack of effectiveness of censorship were, at first, a lack of understanding on the part of the leadership of the importance of the tasks of censorship of the postal items. At a later period the difficulties of censorship caused by the small number and lack of qualifications of local military-censorship commissions.

The anthology "Of Pioneers and Pirates" explores the DEFA children's film in its cultural-historical, film-aesthetic, and ideological dimensions. The anthology originated from a conference at the University of Halle in February 2019. The contributions discuss various DEFA children's films based on popular fairy tales or children's books by authors from the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The authors analyze the films and discuss topics such as propaganda, censorship, and societal norms. The book is primarily aimed at dramaturges, directors, and film scholars. [Extracted from the article]

This paper aims to show how censorship represented a facet of the jurisdictional tug of war between the Kingdom of Naples and the Holy See by relating the hardships of a Neapolitan printer, Ferdinando Maccarano, at the hands of the Archiepiscopal Court. Maccarano was prosecuted trice in less than two years, while the first two prosecutions came to nothing, the last led to a trial that dragged on for nearly seven years. Maccarano’s case(s) might not have been pivotal in resolving the jurisdictional issue, yet it shows how the problem permeated all social strata and could shed light on how the Neapolitan political power handled it.

The bird song app "BirdNET" from the Chemnitz University of Technology is being expanded with funding from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The app's algorithm is to be revised and extended to include other animal species. In addition, the app is also intended to be used in ecotourism and planning offices. The publishing house De Gruyter has hired Georg Nold as Chief Technology Officer, who is responsible for the further development of the digital infrastructure. The Bamberger DOCUFY GmbH has developed a full-text search for companies called TopicPilot. The German Bundestag has decided that from January 1, 2023, all laws and regulations will only be announced in the digital Federal Law Gazette. The German government does not finance research projects on gender-equitable use of the German language at universities, but supports non-university activities in this area. The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices has published the final version of the OPS Version 2023, which forms the basis for the encryption of operations and procedures in medical care. The association "Laut gegen Nazis" has developed a WhatsApp chatbot that can be used to report discriminatory content on Spotify. Germany is one of the countries with the least internet censorship and high internet freedom. China, Iran, and Egypt have the most internet restrictions, while Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Nigeria, Mexico, and India are listed as countries with various restrictions. A report from the Trellix Advanced Research Center predicts an increase in cyber attacks, hacktivist actions, attacks on the software supply chain, and attacks by juvenile cyber criminals for 2023. The German-Austrian Digital Media Observatory (GADMO) has been launched to combat false claims and disinformation campaigns on the internet. Wikidata, a free knowledge database, is celebrating its tenth anniversary and is an important resource for Wikipedia and other projects. The Open Access Days took place online, and the AuROA project is developing model contracts for open access book publications. [Extracted from the article]

Austrian media history in the 20th century is marked by several turning points. Censorship in connection with deep cuts in social life, but there are also turning points in connection with media innovations, such as the introduction of radio 100 years ago or the introduction of dual broadcasting around 25 years ago. Some turning points occurred at lightning speed, such as the annexation of Austria to the German Reich in March 1938, while others took place only in stages, such as the re-establishment of freedom of the press in 1945 after the end of the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correspondence as a source for the study of literary, cultural, and political circumstances and events in Bosnia has not received an appropriate place in the humanities and social sciences because the letters are treated exclusively in the field of privacy. However, letters are sometimes a first-class source for presenting an image of a particular period or event, especially if it is interesting to determine how a particular person or group understands events or processes in society and culture. Studying the letters would open a different perspective on some events since it is often about an "informal" form of communication. In the framework of Bosnian studies, the so-called "letters from the border/krajišnička pisma" (Muhamed Nezirović and Lejla Nakaš) have been the most comprehensively studied, with slightly fewer letters in oriental languages (Sabaheta Gačanin), while letters from the 20th century (Hamid Dizdar, Munir Šahinović, Alija Nametak, for example), unfortunately, did not receive proper valorization. In this paper, the correspondence of Alija Nametak between the two world wars will be presented. Considering the dispersed thematic content of the letters, they are grouped into several thematic units. Letters about Safvet-beg Bašagić, letters about political censorship of articles and literary and artistic works, and correspondence with Slavists throughout Europe especially stand out. The letters were linked to other texts (co-text) that were in the broadest sense related to the topics of the letters. We tried to present as much as possible the events to which the letters referred. We also pay attention to the need to renew the study of Bosnian archival and documentary material, especially in the study of the history of literature.

Kitap kapakları, okuru yönlendirmek ve belirli bir yönde düşünmelerini sağlamak için önemli bir araçtır. Kitabın içeriğine dair bilgi veren, ana temasını yansıtan ve okur ile metin arasındaki ilk iletişimi kuran kitap kapaklarında iletilmek istenen mesaj, görsel öğeler ve metin düzenlemeleri yoluyla aktarılır. Bu seçimlerde kitabın bilinirliğinin ve satışının artırılmasının yanı sıra ideolojik amaçlar da etkendir ve çeviri eylemi içerisinde yer alan pek çok eyleyici bilinçli/bilinçsiz tercihleriyle bu süreci şekillendirir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeviride bir yanmetin biçimi olarak kabul edilen ön kapakların uğradığı değişimleri, “sansür” kavramı temelinde tartışmaya açmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün hayatını ve askeri başarılarını konu alan ve yayımlandığı ilk yıl dönemin hükümet yetkilileri tarafından sansüre uğrayan Grey Wolf adlı kitabın yurtiçinde ve yurtdışında yayımlanan toplam 11 baskısının ön kapağı incelenecektir. Kavram, Michael Foucault ve Pierre Bourdieu’nün sansür anlayışını yeni bir boyuta taşıyan fikirleri doğrultusunda, geleneksel merkeziyetçi yaklaşım dışlanmadan, aracıların iş birliğine dayalı yeni sansür yaklaşımı temelinde ele alınacaktır. “İktidar”, “söylem” ve “oto-sansür” gibi kavramlar çalışmanın uğrak noktaları olacaktır.

This article examines how Italian scholars of Modern Greek played the role of cultural and linguistic mediators of Greek writers during the first years of the dictatorship in Greece, 1967–1971, a period in which the country was under strict censorship. From the very beginning, the work of scholars of Modern Greek, along with the Italian press and the student movement, tended to endorse the antidictatorial struggle, acting as a channel of communication between Italian society and Greek writers.

The author aims to discuss three topics using the memory research method. The first part discusses construction of the imagined community and collective memory of 19th century Lithuanian intellectuals in a country where education in the national language, and the printing of books and papers, were banned. The second part of the article presents the impact of the Great War and the struggle for independence on collective memory as revealed in memoirs written in the 1914–1940 period by fighters on the front lines, refugees, intellectuals, and people in the occupied country. The third part discusses the extinction of the Great War and the battle for independence from collective memory as a natural and specially constructed phenomenon, caused by the Soviet regime.

The imagery in Emperor Joseph H's codes of law has not been a subject of research, which is understandable to a certain degree. Tine copperplate engravings from the Josephine codes of law are probably not that interesting for art historians, but they are exceptionally attractive for historians and legal historians. These copperplate engravings visualize, often very critically, some of the published codes of law. The method of study is the „language of imagery“ and the „language of text“. The language of imagery is understood as an expression of the ruling power, while the language of texts in the codes of law (as well as an expression of power) is held up here as a mirror in the form of the language of contemporary authors - i.e. a juxtaposition between the official meaning and the satirical texts written at the time. The title images of the codes of law of Joseph II and Leopold II might also be interpreted as a result of the „thawing“ of censorship, as the subsequent codes of law of Francis I/II do not contain allegoric engravings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theodore Dreiser published over fifty items of literary criticism between 1900 and 1945 on a wide variety of subjects, while additional discussion of literary matters is scattered through his correspondence, memoirs, unpublished speeches, and cultural and philosophical essays. Hitherto this work has proved useful piecemeal, in its illumination of Dreiser’s fiction, while a few outstanding pieces have served to define Dreiser’s version of realism or literary naturalism. This essay takes the literary criticism seriously as a body of work in itself, sketching out some categories and topics, and providing detailed historical contexts for several items, which reveal under-appreciated nuances and engagements in even better-known pieces such as “True Art speaks Plainly” and “Life, Art and America.” The essay sees coherence across the diverse foci of Dreiser’s literary criticism via the concept of the “occasions of literary criticism,” by which is meant the historical and cultural contexts into which he was writing. It charts the roots of Dreiser’s literary criticism in his need to respond to charges of “literary immorality,” its growth through his very particular response to censorship, and its maturity in his suggestion, in a speech given as part of the peace conference in Paris in 1938, of an American literary tradition dedicated to social justice, taking in Mark Twain and H. D. Thoreau as well as the expected cohort of realists and naturalists. The essay concludes by relating these contexts and preoccupations to the history and practice of the Theodore Dreiser Edition.

Through a wide range of sources, this study reveals the non-philosophical spread of the ideas of Immanuel Kant in the Slovak regions of Hungary. The flow of philosophical ideas can be demonstrated not only in the works of the Hungarian followers of Kant, but also in censorship sources documenting the import of Kantian texts in the 1790s. The critical debates in correspondences and published texts reveal anti-Kantian argumentations. Information about the advertisements of Kant’s works and subscriptions to them also help form an idea about their popularity. Research on private albums reveals how the philosophical legacy circulated, despite bans and repressions, in non-public communication networks and how its social area extended beyond the sphere of philosophy and education.

There is hardly any other art form as immersive as film. Thus, if a movie focuses on the abyss of human behaviour, dealing with crimes, violence or even murder, it is often accused of being immoral and corrupting its audience. On the basis of selected examples from Alfred Hitchcock’s ›Rope‹ to Martin Scorsese’s ›Taxi Driver‹ and Lars von Trier’s ›Dogville‹, this critical essay explores the question of the moral claims movies can make. Considering contemporary films such as ›Promising Young Woman‹ and ›Joker‹ this text asks how modern anti-heroes influence the audience and what changes can be seen over the last decades in the moral reception of movies. Finally, the essay concludes with the latest attempts of censorship and looks at who determines the moral value of art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the "Crottogini case", in which the Sanctum Officium banned the dissertation of Swiss ordained priest Jakob Crottogini in 1955/56. The exact reasons for the ban were not known until now, but it is suspected to be related to Crottogini's empirical study on the sexual difficulties of priest candidates. Only since March 2020 has Crottogini's file been accessible in the archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, allowing for a conclusive reconstruction and evaluation of the censorship case. In light of the abuse allegations in the Catholic Church, the ban on Crottogini's book gains special significance today. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Kulturphilosophie is the property of Felix Meiner Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is devoted to studying of the phenomenon of censorship and self-censorship in the modern American and Russian political media discourse. The authors analyse the pre-election speeches and the publications in the social networks of K. A. Sobchak and V. V. Zhirinovsky, as well as of D. Trump and H. Clinton. The purpose of the article, which consists in conducting a comparative linguocultural study of the mechanisms of censoring and self-censoring information in the modern American and Russian political media discourse, is achieved by using a comparative method, linguocultural analysis, a complex method of lexical and semantic, stylistic, interpretive, and emotive analysis. The analysis of the material shows that traditional forms of censorship in Russian political media discourse are not identified, but they can be found in the media space of the USA, causing a relatively weak public reaction among the communicators. In media space of the USA and Russia, the absence of formal external censorship restrictions leads to the updating of self-censorship to maintain the integrity of the manifestations of the language personality of a politician. Censorship in modern American and Russian media environment lies in such a structuring of information, that deliberately prevents the addressee from interpreting the information in an undesirable way. Self-censorship in modern media environment of the USA and Russia is characterized by an increase of the volume of information and the relative preservation of its valuable aspect. In addition, media discourse can be implicitly censored by filtering the comments under social media publications or by artificially increasing the number of approving reactions to them (by getting «cheat likes»). Self-censorship may use some features of the response to visual elements, when the picture and text supplement each other, causing the desired for the addressee emotional response. Hypertext can also direct the emotional response in the desirable direction, referring to the beneficial for the addressee elements of media discourse.

German-born American poet, novelist, journalist and editor George Sylvester Viereck (1884 –1962) during his almost 60-year literary career (his first poem was published in 1898) befriended, met and corresponded with hundreds of contemporaries, including world famous persons. His first biographer Elmer Gertz wrote in 1954, “One should go through Viereck’s correspondence with the great personalities of his time in order to learn the full extent of the admiration they expressed for him. Alas, that correspondence is scattered; but excerpts from it can be found in the catalogues of various autograph dealers and should be preserved”. Liberated from prison in 1947 Viereck was not able to restore his previous position in literary world, was in need of money and had to sell autographs from his personal archive. This publication includes letters of four writers addressed to Viereck and dealing with his literary and editorial work. All of them are preserved in the author’s private collection and are published in English for the first time. In Russian translation one letter is published for the first time, another one was previously published, two letters were quoted. Journalist, writer, and politician Brand Whitlock (1869 –1934) followed Viereck’s journalistic activities as well as his Decadent poetry. English author and poet Richard Le Gallienne (1866 –1947), being a living incarnation of the “naughty nineties” for Viereck, valued contributing to his magazine The International. Known as the Dean of American Biographers, famous writer Gamaliel Bradford (1863 –1932) refused to support Viereck’s protest against the prohibition of his novel My First 2000 Years in the Irish Free State. Poet, artist and filmmaker Ferdinand Earle (1878 –1951) remained faithful to his long friendship with Viereck even when the latter was emprisoned.

Copyright of Perspektive Mediation is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Twórczość literacka Leopolda Tyrmanda doczekała się wielu omówień. Jednak dotychczasowe analizy miały najczęściej charakter literaturoznawczy, badano także biografię. Prace filologiczne nie były podejmowane. Trudno byłoby tu winić uczonych, gdyż długo brakowało odpowiednich materiałów źródłowych. Badanie procesu twórczego, analizowanie kolejnych etapów formowania się tekstu czy problemy związane z wariantywnością dotąd praktycznie nie istniały. W tym kontekście ciekawa jest współpraca Tyrmanda z Jerzym Giedroyciem. Na łamach paryskiej „Kultury” publikował on utwory wielu polskich pisarzy. W przypadku dzieł Tyrmanda Redaktor „oczyszczał” je z wszelkiego rodzaju fraz, które uważał za niewłaściwe, zbędne lub niepoprawne politycznie. W taki sposób Życie towarzyskie i uczuciowe zostało skrócone o trzydzieści procent. Dzięki listom wiemy, że wiele ingerencji rozmijało się z autorską intencją. Leopold Tyrmand’s works have been extensively analyzed, usually from the perspective of literary studies or with a focus on biography. However, no philological analysis has been made so far due to the lack of source materials. The process of creation, the stages of forming the text, or the problems connected with various versions have not been examined yet. In this respect, it is interesting to look into the collaboration between Tyrmand and Jerzy Giedroyc, who published the works of Polish writers in Paris-based “Kultura.” Giedroyc “cleared” Tyrmand’s texts of any phrases he considered indecent, redundant, or politically incorrect. In this way, Życie towarzyskie i uczuciowe (The Social and Emotional Life) was shortened by thirty percent; as we know from the letters, many of the revisions did not follow the author’s intention.

The article "Freud on a Journey" by Georges-Artur Goldschmidt deals with language and the different expressions of eroticism in German and French. Goldschmidt notes that Freud wrote in a desexualized language and tried to make up for the lost time of language. He also mentions the censorship in Germany, which led to the book "Sister Monika" by E.T.A. Hoffmann being removed from the registers. Goldschmidt, who was born as an emigrant himself, has written about Freud's language and is a well-known translator of works by Peter Handke, Kafka, and Nietzsche. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Moral Art · Art Morality: Can art be moral? · Must art be moral?" discusses the question of whether art is allowed or obliged to be moral. It is argued that nowadays artworks are no longer safe and can be banned from museums due to their perceived immorality. The text raises questions about the role of artists and the production of moral art, as well as the reception and censorship of immoral art. It emphasizes that the relationship between art and morality should be considered from a historical perspective and offers various perspectives on these questions. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Forum Modernes Theater is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports that cancel culture reveals a political struggle about interpretative power in a new culture war. Topics include polarization is progressing with the logic of the media, which made such a debate possible in the social media from the art world; and Dutch artist Erik Kessels wanted to create a work of art against the selected portrait photos, and sculptural photos.

The paper is a case study, part of a larger and older research project on the reception of modernist American literature in the cultural press of communist Romania in the 1960s. If the 1950s were the toughest years, in terms of censorship and physical atrocities, the 1960s could be considered the milder ones, while also anticipating the enlightened 1970s. We have been analyzing the Romanian cultural press as going beyond the role of an interface between an ecriture terminal and a network of readers: firstly, via translations, more or less accurate, secondly, through interviews and memories from journalists, fellowwriters, friends, family members, as reproduced from publications belonging mainly to the Eastern / Communist Bloc (Cuba included). Our research is also based on investigations run in the archives of the former secret police, the infamous Securitate. The relation between censorship and ideology, between institutionalized and self-censorship is underlined, as well as their effect in the act of literary translation. Our paper focuses on Hemingway as a result of him being the most popular representative of the Lost Generation at the time, in the countries of the former Soviet Bloc. The main text we had in view was How Do You Like It Now, Gentlemen? by Lilian Ross.