Search

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper examines the use of the term "shamanism" in archaeology and develops criteria for identifying shamanism in archaeological contexts. The focus is on the site of Göbekli Tepe, which offers rich iconographic finds and serves as a case study. It discusses whether Göbekli Tepe can be interpreted as shamanistic and whether it is a place of institutionalized religion. The description describes a shamanic healing ceremony among the Evenki. The shaman makes contact with the spirit world during an altered state of consciousness and is accompanied by helping spirits. Shamanism is seen as a practice that encompasses various tasks such as healing, divination, and the preservation of myths and traditions. Shamanism can be found in various cultures and social contexts and is based on animistic ontologies that emphasize a close relationship between humans and animals. The boundaries between humans and animals can be crossed, but this also carries dangers. Animistic ontologies determine the conception and representation of the world and can be recognizable in archaeological finds. The text describes the relief images and anthropomorphic sculptures at the early Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. The relief images depict various animals such as snakes, birds, bears, and leopards, with the movements of the animals often aligned with the center of the buildings. The sculptures are more naturalistic and use stylization techniques, especially in the depiction of faces. The faces have a T-shaped forehead and nose and show different expressions through the depiction of eyes and mouth. The bodies of the sculptures follow certain principles of representation, such as unnaturally curved arms and oversized hands. Other anthropomorphic sculptures from Göbekli Tepe show similar features to the Urfa figure, such as leaning back of the head and looking upwards. There are also zoomorphic sculptures, of which 102 are currently known. The animal representations at Göbekli Tepe are mainly limited to felids (probably leopards: 30), wild boars (21), and birds (12). Other animals such as bears (4), turtles (3), aurochs (2), and rams (1) are less common. Larger sculptures are usually identifiable to the species, while smaller representations (10 cm and below) are often generic "quadrupeds." The animal representations exhibit certain features such as detailed heads of felids and wild boars with emphasized teeth and tusks. The bodies often have few details, while the ribs are strongly emphasized in some animals. The study deals with shamanism at the early Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. Various depictions of shamans and shamanic practices are analyzed, including the use of masks, garments, and staffs. It is noted that shamanism played an important role in the early Neolithic period of Göbekli Tepe. The study examines various artifacts that indicate a connection to shamanism at the early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe. "Nemrik scepters" are mentioned, which may have been shamanic staffs. There are also indications of musical instruments such as bullroarers and flutes that had a ritual function. In addition, sculptures are discussed that may represent spiritual beings, as well as amulets, jewelry, and other objects associated with shamanic practices. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chemkon - Chemie Konkret is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praehistorische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Even if the Crisis and the nowadays problems in Europe have left the debate on the Turkish integration into the EU in a corner of shadow, this is actually the most disputable and long-lasting topic of European integration. The herein paper makes a long term analysis on the relations between Turkey and the EU, especially in order to overcome the emotional studies, or those analyses, which consider only one aspect, peculiar to short term approaches. It makes the connection between the historical, economic, political and cultural aspects and tries to give an answer to the question whether Turkey will become an EU member or not, question to which we have given a positive answer. Being aware that the wish of integrating Turkey compel the Union to define itself, we thus cannot say when it will happen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: The sleep quality and physical activity levels of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome during the lockdown period have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality, physical activity level, and fear of movement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (n = 33) and healthy individuals (n = 30) were included in the study. Physical activity levels, sleep quality, and fear of movement were evaluated. RESULTS: The total physical activity amount of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals was lower than the acceptable levels. The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group had significantly lower leisure-time physical activity (P = .006) and higher sitting time (P = .008) than the healthy individuals. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had significantly more sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and daytime sleepiness than healthy people (P < .001). Fear of movement was negatively correlated with the amount of vigorous (r = -0.395, P = .023) and leisure activities (r = -0.557, P = .001) in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group. CONCLUSION: During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals had lower physical activity levels. Physical activity counseling is an important strategy for increasing the physical activity of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the current construction projects in Istanbul often refer to unrealised plans of earlier periods. This is especially true of the railway and road bridge across the Bosphorus - the largest of its kind in the world - opened in August 2016. However, these references are often incorrect or inaccurate. Starting with the design of a bridge for the Bosphorus - a design with solid pillars in the form of dome structures with minarets and presented as often in around 1900 as it is today - some of the bridge and tunnel projects that were discussed in the late Ottoman era will be presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jahrbuch der Europäischen Integration is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Familienforschung (ZzF) is the property of University of Bamberg Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the "Zwangsarbeit als Kriegswaffe" conference that focused on forced labor during wars. It took place in Freudenstadt, Germany from September 22-24, 2011. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as how forced labor was used by the Ottoman Empire during the early modern period, how Germans used forced labor with Russian prisoners of war during World War I, and how the Soviet Union forced Romanians and Hungarians to perform forced labor.

The article reports on the conference "Landscapes of Urban Modernity: Istanbul and the Ruhr 2010," which was held at Istanbul Bilgi University in Istanbul, Turkey, from December 15-18, 2010, on the occasion of Istanbul and the Ruhr region in Germany, having been designated as joint "European Cultural Capital" for 2010. Papers presented compared the social, economic, and cultural histories of the two urban conglomerations from the 19th to the early 21st century.

The article examines the role the European Union has played in the Cyprus Problem since the EU accession of the Republic of Cyprus in 2004. Its main thesis is that six years of EU membership [and the accession process) are - with respect to the Cyprus Question - littered with false hopes, miscalculations and misperceptions by all main actors. The paper focuses on two aspects that have dominated the relations between the EU and Cyprus: Firstly, it reconstructs the failed attempts of powerful actors within the European Union to overcome Greek Cypriot resistance in its efforts to implement the EU pledge from 2004 to end the isolation of the Turkish Cypriots. Secondly, it examines the repeated attempts of the Greek Cypriots to utilise their EU membership as well as the Turkish aspirations to join the Union in order to press Ankara for concession in the Cyprus Question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An article published several years ago on the provision of Constantinople with meat came to the conclusion (which had already been postulated a priori at the beginning of the paper) that beef had always played a considerable role in the Byzantine kitchen. A reexamination of the written sources (some considered by the author as well as many others) and some archaeological evidence (neglected by the author) allows for the following conclusions: The Byzantines used horned cattle (and buffalos) mainly as working and draught animals, in some regions also for dairy produce. Although the Byzantines did not avoid eating beef (nor was this forbidden by any religious precept), archaeological evidence generally indicates that beef was only occasionally consumed, and then only such animals as old dairy cows and plough oxen slaughtered before dying a natural death. In some instances, however, written sources mention foreigners, e. g. soldiers from other lands, as consumers of beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From other Muslim nations Turkey differs in comprehensive and as yet unparalleled legal reforms with great impact on the emancipation of women. These reforms, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1924 were part of a broader political project of nation-building, secularisation and modernization from above. Islam was then removed from the legislative and broader institutional sphere and the image of the ,,new woman" as a modem, publicly visible and equal citizen was created. 2002, several decades after Ataturk's revolution from above, Tayyip Erdogan's moderate Islamist Party for Development and Justice (AKP) won the parliamentary elections in Turkey, especially by mobilizing support of hundreds of thousands of women activists. The educated woman activist, proudly wearing the headscarf, which is forbidden in Turkey's public institutions, became the symbol of the Islamist movement. To make sense of this development this paper examines how the Islamists politicize gender relations and shows how Turkey's new Islamist elite attempts to reclassify Islamic symbols like veiling as elite cultural markers. It also considers the contradictions between female Islamist activists trying to carve out new areas of autonomy and male cadres who strive for reinforced traditional female roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of German Language & Literature / Istanbul Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyai Dergisi / Studien zur Deutschen Sprache und Literatur is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on structure and development of the taxfarm(s) in the small town of Kozani in south-west Macedonia during the 18th century. It mentions operation of a system of numerous, overlapping tax-farming contracts in a socially, economically and ethno-religiously diverse society and the ecclesiastical tax-farm of the local bishopric of Servia. It also mentions extensive tax-farm of the sheep tax of the bureau of Sofia, which included Kozani during the 18th century and rise of the tax-farming system within the empire. It also discusses Ottoman Empire in the 18th century and the radical changes brought about by the spread of tax-farming.

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Author-supplied Abstracts.)

Using case studies of Poles in exile and 'gone native' in the Ottoman Empire, their offspring and families, this article seeks to show how eccentric knowledge could be successfully transferred and/or remoulded by cultural in-betweens. The latter's weak ties (Mark Granovetter) between the cultural contexts (networks) issuing and adapting the knowledge opened up creative spaces free from the knowledge-controlling forces in both contexts (such as academia). Thus the transferred or modified knowledge was either not recognized as eccentric in the adapting context (it might be deemed prestigious because of its origins) or it became so with time, by being declared eccentric in its original context. Thus emancipated, under certain circumstances the knowledge could gain considerable social and political significance in its new context. This process is illustrated in the cases of Franciszek Henryk Duchihski (1816-1893), Mustafa Celaleddin Paşa/Konstanty Borzecki (18261876), his son Enver Paşa (1856-1928) and the latter's son-in-law Samih Rifat (18741932). These represent the connection between duchihszczyzna (later a pejorative term for Duchinski's theories) and the so called 'Sun Language Theory', according to which Turkish is the primeval human language, originating in the first sounds people expressed on seeing the sun. Duchinski, a controversial Polish anthropologist and historian who lived in Constantinople between 1849 and 1856, tried to counter Russian Pan-Slavist ideology by claiming that Russians were Barbarian 'Turanian' pretenders and usurpers of 'Arian' Slavdom. His concept of Turanism included the Ottomans/Turks, although, especially during the Crimean War, he defended the latter as more civilized. His reason for this was that, unlike the 'Muscovites', the Turks were never forced to adopt a way of life foreign to their racial nature. Konstanty Borzęecki/Mustafa Celaleddin, a rather isolated renegade reduced to the company of other Polish-bom renegades, challenged and revised Duchinski's concept of Turanism. For Borzęcki, Arians and Turanians were actually one race, and he even claimed that the Turks were the primeval European civilization (which of course excluded the Russians). Borzęcki extended Duchinski's linguistic arguments to construct a pseudoscientific theory about the primeval character of the Turkish language. His son, Enver, inherited this approach and the latter's son-in-law, Samih Rifat, became the first president of the Turkish Language Society. Rifat was a founding figure in the movement that led to the Sun Language Theory becoming a state doctrine in the Republic of Turkey in 1936. Finally, some of these examples indicate that resolving identity conflicts is an important driving force in intercultural entanglements and the transformation of transferred knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey's place in an economic network of European nations underwent dramatic changes over the 20th century. This reached from semi-colonial experiences in the late Ottoman times to a very extensive integration into a European political and economic system. In the very early days of the Cold War, Turkey was an essential cornerstone of an American geostrategic vision of "Western Europe". Also, the expected increase of productivity made Turkey's agriculture an important element in a scheme for feeding Europe, which severely lacked provisions in the first years after the war. Looking at agricultural and economic experts'perspectives on Turkey's place in Europe, this article links this post-war way of defining economic spaces to broader, semicolonial discourses about Turkish resources that go back to the 1930s and before. It further analyses how agricultural experts also shaped economic structures through the Marshall Plan, designed to integrate Turkey into a Western European economic space. By doing so, the article sheds light on Europe's fragile spatial concepts in the Cold War period that relied more often on temporary political arrangements than on a real attempt to define a constant Southern European space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the framework of a new foreign, security and development policy doctrine ("strategic depth"), the NATO-member and EU-accession candidate Turkey under the governing moderate-Islamist Justice and Development Party (AKP) has aimed to stabilize its neighborhood as a "civilian power" and "honest broker" by means of soft power. At the same time, the government of Prime Minister Erdogan undermines western-liberal norms and its political commitments with Western partners by deepening economic and security ties with anti-western, authoritarian countries. These contradictory policies lead to dilemmas and conflicting goals in Ankara's new foreign policy. The national interests of Turkey, in particular the interests of the AKP government, the party's instrumental instead of normative understanding of democracy and Ankara's commitments to western partners undermine Turkey's regional power ambitions rather than contributing to them. In addition, they foil Turkey's and the AKP's role as models for Arab democracies and modern Islamist parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Turkish foreign policy under AKP government is guided by the concept of "strategic depth" developed by Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu. Its aim is to turn Turkey into a leading regional power via an active and multidimensional foreign policy. In spite of controversial discussions at home and abroad this foreign policy actually doesn't represent innovation or substantial reorientation. It lives up Turkey's external activism after 1990 under the Özal era and refines it. The activism regarding foreign policy in a regional environment is complementary to the traditional alliances with the USA and NATO. It doesn't question the full membership in the European Union in principle, even if the aim of accession to the EU has obtained a minor political priority and is now one aim among many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia Internationalis is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article draws a comparison between the German and the French debate about the European Union entry of Turkey. It does so by analysing the evolution of public opinion and the party disputes in the two countries. Moreover the article examines the line of argumentation of proponents and opponents of EU-Enlargement to Turkey. Special attention is given to the political patterns and the conceptions of Europe which appear on both sides of the Rhine. It is shown that these conceptions are variously and cannot be associated distinctively with national specificities or the world views of party families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrants from Turkey face several barriers to a successful integration in Switzerland including equal access to the health care system; most important are language problems, cultural and economic barriers. According to the scientific report of the Federal Bureau of Health "Migration and Health " current forms of therapy do not fulfil the needs of this patient population. Ambulatory and in-hospital services are devoted to the acute phase of a pain disorder; they are not imbedded into the circumstances of daily living. Re-Adjusting to daily life however, is crucial for patients' attempt to return to normality. Therefore therapeutic offers are needed to close the gap between high intensity treatment in hospitals and almost no treatment in the ambulatory setting. We developed an integrative post acute model of patient care, consisting of assisted self-help groups that is presented in the current paper.

In today's world, the plurality of values is considered to be a constitutive feature of modern societies. In these societies, transcultural patient-physician relationships are a part of daily medical practice. Culturally determined value systems can be crucial for understanding the perception of notions such as "health" and "illness", leading to fundamental differences in assessing medical interventions and therapeutic objectives. Therefore, transcultural conflicts of interest are presenting medical ethical decision-making with new challenges. Time and again, medical practice demonstrates that cultural differences between physician and patient are correlated with the complexity of medical ethical conflicts, as can be seen in the relationship between Muslim patients and non-Muslim physicians in the German health care system. This paper discusses some of the central issues in these relationships like communication, sense of shame, religious duties, and medical end-of-life decisions, analyzing some concrete cases. Subsequently, a number of medical ethical theses relevant for multicultural societies will be discussed.

Until now few analyses of routine data relating to the health of migrants have been conducted in Germany. A major obstacle is that most data sources do not provide reliable information on the origin of migrants. While some sources contain the nationality of persons registered, this information does not allow one to identify migrants who have taken up German citizenship, i.e., a substantial part of second-generation migrants. In this paper we demonstrate how a computer-aided, name-based algorithm can be used to identify persons of Turkish origin in the German Childhood Cancer Registry in Mainz, Germany. The performance of the algorithm, as assessed against the gold standard of assessing names manually, was very good (sensitivity and specificity > or = 0.975). In total, we identified 1774 of the 37,259 cases in the registry as being of Turkish origin. The name algorithm proved to be a useful tool to identify Turkish migrants in routine data sources, thus avoiding potential bias due to changes in citizenship. This approach aims at improving migrant-sensitive health reporting and research in Germany. In future, additional information on migrant status should be obtained already during primary data collection so that health data for all migrant groups can be provided.

The paper explores the meaning of childrens' pictures as a symbol for growing autonomy. The psychotherapy of a 7-years old turkish boy, who came to treatment with a destroyed identity, will be described. The parents failed to support the boy's development by adequate mothering. The aggressive symptomatic as it emerged at the beginning of the psychotherapy is shown in a shipwreck. During therapy he succeeds to develop age-appropriate autonomy that is shown in a series of drawings.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and morbidity among women worldwide. In Germany an estimated 46,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, and 18,000 die of the disease. So far, limited information is available on possible epidemiological and clinical differences between women of German origin and other ethnic or national groups in Germany. Such differences between migrants and the general population could hint to underlying causes of disease and to differential access to medical care. In this paper we present epidemiological information on breast cancer among Turkish women in Germany and describe a future research agenda addressing these questions.

This paper describes the determination of biogenic amines in a number of canned fish of the Turkish market by means of HPLC. Over all 39 cans of sardine, tuna, sardel, mackerel, pelamide and trout were tested. The determination of agmatine, cadaverine, histamine, putrescine and tyramine was performed by HPLC with post column derivatization with ortho-phthaldialdehyde. Four samples contained higher amounts of biogenic amines (three sardine samples contained more than 1000 mg/kg histamine) while all other samples were acceptable. These results demonstrate the need of instrumental analyses in the quality control system of Turkish producers of canned fish. The quality of the products at least of some producers has to be improved, e.g. by cooperation between the official food control and the quality assurance system of the producers.

This paper describes the behaviour disturbances and emotional problems of Turkish immigrant children aged 9 to 13 years living in Vienna. The children's behaviour was rated with Rutter's scales and the relationship of the results to any language problems, the socioeconomic situation and the sociocultural background of the immigrant families was then analyzed. A consecutive series of 111 Turkish and 25 Austrian children were rated by their parents and by both Turkish- and German-speaking teachers. Psychiatric symptoms of the children's parents were assessed with the symptom checklist SCL-90. The prevalence of behavior problems did not differ between the Turkish and Austrian children, who were of similar social class. The most common symptoms were restlessness, overactivity, poor concentration and anxiety. Whereas socioeconomic and sociocultural factors did not influence the frequency or severity of behavior problems in the Turkish children, there was a highly significant relationship between behavior problems and problems with German or Turkish. Moreover, the children very frequently had problems with both languages. Therefore intervention strategies with such children should focus on the language problems.

In this paper infestations of the nasal cavity with Myxobdella annandalei in a dog after a sojourn in Nepal and with Linguatula serrata in 2 stray dogs from Turkey, which were imported to Germany, are described.

The paper is dealing with an anthropological investigation of a Kurdish village population from southern Turkey. We especially attached importance on the complete registration of all inhabitants to get a reliable sample for regional comparison of morphological features. Anthropological data of other Kurdish population groups are used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The resulting clusters are discussed beside the question of representation under the standpoint of regional and cultural origin of the samples.

Behçet's syndrome is described on the basis of historical facts taken exclusively from original papers, and considering especially those symptoms which are usually neglected. The differentiation of certain symptom-oriented subforms such as angio-Behçet, arthro-Behçet, entero-Behçet, neuro-Behçet, pneumo-Behçet, and uro-Behçet gives a better understanding of this syndrome and also stresses the fact that many fields of medical activity are concerned with it. The historical facts show that ophthalmology and dermatology share the credit for having identified this syndrome.