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Medical communication is an effective instrument for the medical practice. Due to the low status that medical communication still has within medicine and medical education, many physicians do not know how to use this instrument professionally. Using medical communication in a way that patients are well informed and involved is a prerequisite for them to make self-determined decisions. In this paper I analyze a consultation in an oncology ward to show the pitfalls of medical communication, especially in triadic communication, based on a case study to work out suggestions for optimization from the transcript. Mistakes in conducting conversations, which can be recognized as such in theory, unfortunately still happen in practice, which is why this case study is intended as an invitation to critically reflect on one's own conduct of conversations. The conclusion contains suggestions for the preparation as well as the conduct of the consultation during medical rounds., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal für Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht (JMG) is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachhaltigkeitsrecht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachhaltigkeitsrecht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Cannabis is the illegal drug most frequently used by Minors in Austria. Due to the gradual decriminalization and legalization that has taken place in many European countries in recent years, the ÖGKJP would like to take a balanced and scientifically based stand on the complex issue of cannabis use and abuse among young people., Methods: The authors searched the medline for current studies using searches tailored to each specific subtopic. Furthermore, recognized compendiums were quoted., Results: While occasional recreational use of cannabis in adults with completed brain maturation and no risk profile for mental disorders is likely to be relatively harmless, early initiation of use with regular use and the increasingly available, highly potent cannabis varieties can lead to explicit and sometimes irreversible neurocognitive brain dysfunction., Conclusion: Legalisation of cannabis consumption for minors needs to be objected to due to the risks of the expected damage in the area of brain development. At the same time, however, it is important to establish sensible legal regulations in order to be able to adequately counteract the fact that over 30% of all European young people occasionally consume cannabis. We are also clearly recommending to not criminalize cannabis users and provide necessary support to vulnerable and addicted cannabis users., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The humanized monoclonal anti-α4β7-integrin-antibody vedolizumab is one of several biologic therapeutic options in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Within the VISIBLE trial program, a novel subcutaneous application route was evaluated in addition to the already established intravenous form. In this position statement, the working group "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" of the Austrian Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (OEGGH) summarizes the evidence regarding the subcutaneous application of vedolizumab. This work supplements a position paper on the value of vedolizumab as a first-line biologic that has already been published and offers useful recommendations for clinical practice., Competing Interests: Die Autoren erklären, dass die Erstellung dieses Positionspapieres finanziell von TAKEDA Austria unterstützt wurde und dass der Erstautor (S.R.) innerhalb der letzten 3 Jahre Vortragshonorare von TAKEDA Austria erhalten hat., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The treatment of peripheral nerve pathologies requires a rapid and precise diagnosis. However, the correct identification of nerve pathologies is often difficult and valuable time is lost in the process. In this position paper of the German-Speaking Group for Microsurgery of Peripheral Nerves and Vessels (DAM), we describe the current evidence for various perioperative diagnostics for the detection of traumatic peripheral nerve lesions or compression syndromes. In detail, we evaluated the importance of clinical examinations, electrophysiology, nerve ultrasound and magnetic resonance neurography. Additionally, we surveyed our members for their diagnostic approach in this regard. The statements are based on a consensus workshop on the 42nd meeting of the DAM in Graz, Austria., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of SWS - Rundschau is the property of Verein fur interdisziplinare sozialwissenschaftliche Studien und Analysen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Raumforschung und Raumordnung is the property of Oekom Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lifestyle, in general and particularly regular physical activity, is known to be an important component in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes.To gain substantial health benefits, a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week should be performed. Additionally, inactivity should be recognized as health hazard and prolonged episodes of sitting should be avoided.Especially exercise is not only efficient in improving glycaemia by lowering insulin resistance and enhance insulin secretion, but to reduce cardiovascular risk. The positive effect of training correlates directly with the amount of fitness gained and lasts only as long as the fitness level is sustained. Exercise training is effective in all age groups and for all genders. It is reversible and reproducible.Standardized, regional and supervised exercise classes are well known to be attractive for adults to reach a sufficient level of health enhancing physical activity. Additionally, based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription, the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care. Unfortunately, the implementation of booth-local exercise classes and advisers is missing so far., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Epidemiological investigations have shown that approximately 2-3% of all Austrians have diabetes mellitus with renal involvement, leaving 250,000 people in Austria affected. The risk of occurrence and progression of this disease can be attenuated by lifestyle interventions as well as optimization of blood pressure, blood glucose control and special drug classes. The present article represents the joint recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association and the Austrian Society of Nephrology for the diagnostic and treatment strategies of diabetic kidney disease., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

This position statement reflects the perspective of the Austrian Diabetes Association concerning the perioperative management of people with diabetes mellitus based on the available scientific evidence. The paper covers necessary preoperative examinations from an internal/diabetological point of view as well as the perioperative metabolic control by means of oral antihyperglycemic and/or insulin therapy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Public safety (prevention of accidents) is the primary objective in assessing fitness to drive a motor vehicle. However, general access to mobility should not be restricted if there is no particular risk to public safety. For people with diabetes mellitus, the Führerscheingesetz (Driving Licence Legislation) and the Führerscheingesetz-Gesundheitsverordnung (Driving Licence Legislation Health enactment) regulate important aspects of driving safety in connection with acute and chronic complications of the disease. Critical complications that may be relevant to road safety include severe hypoglycemia, pronounced hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia perception disorder as well as severe retinopathy and neuropathy, endstage renal disease and certain cardiovascular manifestations. If there is a suspicion of the presence of one of these complications, a detailed evaluation is required.In addition, the individual antihyperglycemic medication should be checked for existing potential for hypoglycemia. Sulfonylureas, glinides and insulin belong to this group and are therefore associated with the requirement of a 5-year limitation of the driver's license. Other antihyperglycemic drugs without potential for hypoglycemia such as Metformin, SGLT‑2 inhibitors (Sodium-dependent-glucose-transporter‑2 inhibitors, gliflozins), DPP-4-inhibitors (Dipeptidyl-Peptidase inhibitors, gliptins), and GLP‑1 analogues (GLP‑1 rezeptor agonists) are not associated with such a time limitation.The relevant laws which regulate driving safety give room for interpretation, so that specific topics on driving safety for people with diabetes mellitus are elaborated from a medical and traffic-relevant point of view. This position paper is intended to support people involved in this challenging matter., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Journal of German Language & Literature / Istanbul Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyai Dergisi / Studien zur Deutschen Sprache und Literatur is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the discussion regarding the influx of refugees from Hungary, measures to maintain neutrality, coordination with international organizations, and potential appeals to other countries for assistance. It mentions rumors of Austria's involvement in violating neutrality by supporting the Hungarian uprising through the smuggling of military personnel and volunteers.

Copyright of Movements: Journal für kritische Migrations & Grenzregimeforschung is the property of Movements and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The status of care in child and adoelscent psychiatry in Austria is still incomplete but increasing since the foundation of this medical specialty. Corona pandemia increases the pressure on the caring structures.In this paper the current state of publically paid outpatient care is reviewed and summarized. Differences between current state and the desired/planned state of care will document existing deficits and needed developments.The 9 federal states of Austria have made variable progress in developing the general child psychiatric care. We conclude with recommendations for further implementations., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SWS - Rundschau is the property of Verein fur interdisziplinare sozialwissenschaftliche Studien und Analysen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article informs on the restoration of two turbines at the hydroelectric power station Kaplan turbines at the Sappi paper mill in Gratkorn, Austria by Geppert GmbH. It mentions that optimizations were also implemented on the generators, and the result is an increase in performance in the upper single-digit percentage range and a significantly improved environmental compatibility of the system.

Background: Crimes against humanity took place in many institutions as well as psychiatric departments during the Nazi dictatorship., Objectives: The aim of this review paper is to present a special kind of dealing with crimes in psychiatric institutions on a local and regional level., Methods: Analogous to the psychiatric-psychotherapeutic approach with traumatized individuals, the procedure "secure-describe and work through-reconnect" is suggested for the collective within the frame of remembrance work and commemorative culture., Results: As an example of a collective memorial process, the handling of the topic of the crime of Nazi euthanasia in Carinthia/Austria is presented., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Environmental awareness is affected by fluctuations, which occur when other social events are prioritized. This paper investigates how environmental awareness of persons between the age of 20 and 30 living in Austria has changed during the period of the Covid-19 crisis compared to the period directly before. To answer this question a literature review and a quantitative survey (n = 210) on the affective and cognitive component of environmental awareness have been conducted. The results show a slight increase in the affective/cognitive component. This correlates with some socio-demographic characteristics and the change in certain behaviors but not with the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on one's life. However, the high topicality of the Covid-19 crisis, as well as the dynamic of the crisis, should be highlighted. Therefore, no assessment of the long-term development of environmental awareness can be made and further research is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: The German version of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS-G) is an instrument for the assessment of sensitivity. Validity of the scale was confirmed in prior research (Konrad & Herzberg, 2017). This paper provides norm values of the HSPS-G for German-speaking countries., Method: To generate norms, data from 7458 participants (6251 female, 1207 male; age ranging: 14-80 years; mean=37.80; SD=11.75) were collected in an online assessment. Participants were German-speaking citizens of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland., Results: Analysis of variance suggested systematic gender differences in the scores. Thus, gender-specific norms were created for the subscales and the total score of the HSPS-G. The resulting norm values comprising percentiles and T-values enable comparative interpretation of the results of the HSPS-G, enabling the assessment of inter- and intraindividual differences with respect to demographic variables., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Until today, variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in the dialects of Austria have been poorly studied. Largely neglected by traditional dialectology, even more recent studies neither consider all dialect regions of Austria, nor do they go into detail about intra-linguistic factors. Furthermore, an integration into morpho-syntactic theories of language change is missing. This paper addresses the above-mentioned desiderata. Using an apparent-time design, it intends to uncover linguistic, geographical, and sociolinguistic factors of variation and change in the use of subjunctive II variants in Austria's dialects. In order to achieve these goals, a comprehensive corpus of direct dialect recordings is analysed by means of various quantitative methods (cluster analyses, factor analyses, mixed variance analyses). Data are based on the dialect translations of 21 verb forms by 163 speakers from 40 locations (3,430 tokens). Overall, results show that periphrastic variants spread in the Austrian dialects, in particular periphrastic forms with the täte-auxiliary. Meanwhile, synthetic forms lose importance (both strong and weak synthetic forms). Moreover, results reveal significant verb-related differences which cannot be explained by their belonging to inflectional classes, as previous studies suggested. Instead, the 21 verbs studied can be divided into six clusters reflecting different stages in the spread of periphrastic forms. In terms of linguistic geography, Austria is divided into three parts with regard to subjunctive II variation: an Alemannic region in the west, a northwestern Bavarian area, and a south-eastern Bavarian area. With respect to sociolinguistic factors, gender is hardly a relevant factor, whereas age turns out to be decisive. Younger speakers use periphrastic forms more often and synthetic variants less often. Finally, these empirical findings will be discussed against the background of the theory of Natural Morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the morpho-syntactic variation of subjunctive II in Bavarian dialect regions of (former) Austria and focuses on language dynamics. The broad empirical basis comes from two different corpora: The first corpus consists of data from the "Dictionary of Bavarian dialects in Austria" (WBÖ), reflecting the base dialects of the first half of the 20th century. These data are supplemented by recent oral data that were elicited in project part 03 "Speech repertoires and varietal spectra" of the Special Research Programme "German in Austria. Variation -- Contact -- Perception" (DiÖ). Combining WBÖ and DiÖ, PP03 data, a real time comparison is carried out. For additional apparent time evidence, the internal variation within the two datasets is taken into account: While in the WBÖ data different registers are compared, variation in the DiÖ, PP03 data is analyzed with respect to different registers and different speaker groups (old vs. young). The WBÖ and the DiÖ, PP03 data provide empirical evidence that the -ad-marker that was initially restricted to weak verbs has exceeded its domain and is universally compatible with all verb classes. In connection with this, there is a decrease of strong synthetic subjunctive II forms. The real time as well as the apparent time findings indicate an increase of analytic subjunctive II constructions at the cost of synthetic forms. Furthermore, we find an expansion of the werdenperiphrasis, while the number of tun-subjunctives declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies showed the benefit or even need of hearing aids or cochlear implants in children with unilateral hearing loss to improve localization abilities and speech intelligibility. Therefore, the Audiology working group of the Austrian ENT society adopted the SAV-concept in 2017 (Screening Abklärung Versorgung von konnatalen Hörstörungen - Konzeptpapier 2017 AG Audiologie) to establish methods for testing, the mode of testing both ears, the desired schedule for the screening process and the subsequent therapy., Methods: The screening data were collected via questionnaires sent to all maternity and neonatal wards in different districts by responsible persons of the Austrian ENT society. Data on the implementation of the SAV concept were evaluated retrospectively based on the responses for the regions of Lower Austria and Burgenland., Results: The feedback, the implementation and responsibility for the screening program in respect of method and schedule differs throughout the federal states of Austria as well as in hospitals of state health organizations., Conclusion: Austria in comparison to other European countries is missing a central documentation and tracking system via a governmental screening coordination office as the data are not generally transferred to a common birth register. Therefore, different timetables and organization for the universal new born hearing screening in the federal states as well as in state organizations were found causing a delayed diagnosis and treatment of children with unilateral hearing loss., (© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

In the 1940s to 1960s, the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) had a relatively high proportion of former Nazis among its employees. Reasons were a system of uncontrolled chain recruitment and the initially high esteem of "expertise" acquired in wartime. By taking over personnel from various agencies of the Third Reich, the BND acquired various inherent dangers for the institution and its public perception. This biographical micro-study explores, how a Nazi past was assessed within the BND during the Cold War. The process of evaluating individual incriminations allows conclusions about the BND's general perception of staff continuities between the Third Reich and the Federal Republic. Herbert Kukuk was an enthusiastic Nazi who made his career in central institutions of the NSDAP. The BND accepted that the 1947 hired employee provided only scanty information about his past and also tolerated obvious contradictions. This was typical for dealing with the Nazi past and did not change when perceptions in society regarding the recent past and the integration of former Nazis changed in the 1960s. Although Kukuk's pre-1945 occupations were known, he was consistently well evaluated and promoted. The Kukuk case makes clear that in the BND, awareness of the Nazi burden set in much later than in West German society, and the learning process, which the BND authorities followed hesitantly, dragged on until the 1980s. Methodologically, this paper emphasizes that biographical micro-studies can provide information about the evaluation criteria state authorities in West Germany and Austria after 1945 applied to an occupational biography during the Third Reich, and thus about changing perceptions regarding the integration of the Nazi functional elites in post-war societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo / Radovi Filozofskog Fakulteta u Sarajevu is the property of Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic and the policy measures imposed to contain the virus affected people's health and lifestyles. Based on data available to the Federal Agency "Statistics Austria", this paper asks about the impact of the pandemic years 2020 and 2021 (and partly beyond) on the Austrian demographics and population. It shows that mortality in creased significantly during this period but varied by waves of infection also with the introduction of different policy measures (e.g., lockdowns). There are also changes in the number of births over the course of the pandemic, which can be interpreted through insecurities related to lockdowns and vaccinations. People who wanted to marry or get divorced during the pandemic years were confronted with closed offices and restrictions on holding celebrations, which is why there were significantly fewer marriages and divorces. International migration dropped significantly, especially in the spring of 2020, when European and global mobility was severely restricted, with differences between people of different nationalities. This was also reflected in the number of asylum applications filed in Austria. Migrations within Austria were strongly reduced during the first lockdown in 2020, all further lockdowns had less influence on them. However, in 2020 and 2021 there were several phases in which more people moved from urban to rural areas than before the pandemic. The number of registered secondary residences - which took on new relevance in the context of mobility restrictions and the use of home offices - also changed: overall, their number increased during the pandemic, but in many municipalities, deregistrations of seasonal workers were also noticeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Geographische Gesellschaft (Austrian Geographical Society) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The chaîne opératoire of Neolithic Korenovo ceramics is poorly known, as hitherto potsherds from only three sites, Malo Korenovo, Tomašica in central Croatia, and Becsehely–Bukkaljai dűlő in Hungary have been analysed archaeometrically. Korenovo is considered the southernmost aspect of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK). In this paper, the ceramic assemblage from Kapelica-Solarevac and Kaniška Iva (Central Croatia) will be discussed. Kapelica-Solarevac and Kaniška Iva are the only two sites in which Starčevo and Korenovo ceramics have been found together in closed contexts. Twenty potsherds from the Kapelica-Solarevac and Kaniška Iva assemblages were analysed using polarised microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDX). In combination with equivalent data from 49 Korenovo ceramics from Tomašica and Malo Korenovo, the results offer an insight into the practices of Korenovo potters and show the lack of exchange of technological knowledge between Korenovo and LBK potters in Austria and central Transdanubia (Hungary). On the other hand, Korenovo potters seem to closely follow ceramic recipes typical of the neighbouring Vinča potters, suggesting Korenovo to be a hybrid group between the Vinča and the LBK pottery communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stability is an essential but frequently underrepresented fact in the study of language variation and change. Although in dialectology the distinction between "primary" and "secondary" dialect features initially led to a certain consideration of stable features as opposed to more dynamic ones, more recent empirical studies have not taken any notice of the former. The question of stability is nevertheless crucial for dialectology. For example, the extent of dialect loss cannot be assessed without establishing which forms are stable. The aim of this study is therefore to address this desideratum by investigating ten dialectal features in Austria's rural dialects. All ten examples concern variables of the vowel system which show large phonetic differences between dialect and standard variants. On the basis of a comprehensive dialect survey, both a real- and an apparent-time study is conducted to examine the extent and the factors of dialectal stability and change. The study provides evidence for a surprisingly high degree of stability and continuity in Austria's rural dialects. Changes are not only restricted to a few variables, but also limited (a) to a lexical factor -- only a small group of lexemes is not completely stable --, and (b) to a regional factor -- only some eastern parts of Austria show a higher degree of change. Other factors, such as the extent of the spatial distribution of a form or the phonetic distance to the standard, do not prove to be relevant for stability and change of the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates discursive structures of spoken language in formal and informal communication settings (almost 62 hours of recorded time) of urban speakers in Austria's two biggest cities Vienna and Graz and their surroundings. We focus on so-called bipartite "Operator- Skopus-Strukturen" ('operator-scope-structures'), examining their pragmatic and discourse organising function within specific conversational situations. Our main aim is to offer in-depth analyses of these structures by characterising the mental and communicative status of such utterances. Starting out with a discussion of characteristics of spoken language research, especially by arguing for the replacement of the grammatical concept of sentences with the interactional concept of turn-constructional units, we address the phenomenon of discourse markers and Operator-Skopus-Strukturen in particular. This is followed by the description of our data set and the subsequent analyses and discussion of the selected examples. According to our findings, Operator-Skopus-Strukturen appear in both conversational settings and among all groups of speakers. We demonstrate that all speakers use the structures with the same pragmatic function of giving information to their conversation partner on how to interpret and understand the message behind the utterance. Within this scope, the speaker's intention can vary depending on the conversation partner, the topic of the conversation or the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SWS - Rundschau is the property of Verein fur interdisziplinare sozialwissenschaftliche Studien und Analysen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic face different institutional structures and traditions of action in the European health systems. This article uses the example of the public health services in Sweden, France and Austria to address the question of the similarities and differences in the measures taken to combat the pandemic (status: November 2020).Among the countries presented in this article, Austria is the least affected by the pandemic and France is the most affected. In all analysed health systems there is a tension between national and regional responsibilities. France's healthcare system is particularly centralized, while Sweden's is strongly regional and municipal. Governments in the nation states are striving to obtain pandemic containment powers independent of parliamentary decisions. Sweden differs from Austria and France in that its pandemic containment strategy is based primarily on recommendations and appeals rather than directives and bans. The sequences of action during the pandemic and, apart from Sweden, the instruments used to contain the pandemic are similar. The course of the pandemic and the measures taken in Austria and France show clear parallels with those in Germany. The protection of particularly vulnerable groups has not been sufficiently successful in all countries and remains a challenge to be met.

Radiofrequency denervation has been established for many years as an important minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of chronic pain conditions. Positive experiences of many users for various indications are contrasted by a nonuniform evidence. With meticulous patient selection and correct assessment of the indications a longer term reduction of pain, a reduced need for analgesics and an improvement in the quality of life can be achieved. The aim of this interdisciplinary position paper is to present the value of radiofrequency denervation in the treatment of chronic pain. The summarized recommendations of the expert group are based on the available evidence and on the clinical experiences of Austrian centers that frequently implement the procedure. The position paper contains recommendations on patient selection and proven indications. We discribe safety aspects, complications, side effects and contraindications.

Older adults are particularly affected by the current COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The risk of dying from COVID-19 increases with age and is often associated with pre-existing health conditions. Globally, more than 50 million-in Austria currently approximately 140,000 people-suffer from dementia. The co-occurrence of dementia as a "pandemic of old age" together with the COVID-19 pandemic has a double impact on persons living with dementia and their caregivers. The COVID-19 pandemic poses major challenges for individuals with dementia and their caregivers: (1) People with dementia have limited access to information on COVID-19, may have difficulties with protective measures such as wearing masks and in remembering safety regulations. (2) People with dementia live alone or with their family, or are institutionalized. To reduce the chance of infection among older people in nursing homes, Austrian local authorities have banned visitors to nursing homes and long-term care facilities and implemented strict social-distancing measures. As a result, older people lost face-to-face contact with their family members, became isolated and social activities stopped. Consequently, anxiety, stress and serious concerns about infections among staff in nursing homes increased and they developed signs of exhaustion and burnout during the full lockdown of the facilities. Thus, due to the emerging COVID-19 crisis, the Austrian Alzheimer Association (Österreichische Alzheimer Gesellschaft, ÖAG) and international societies developed recommendations to support people living with dementia and their caregivers on various issues of physical and mental health.

Background: The present guidelines ( http://leitlinien.net ) focus exclusively on cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction (infarction-related cardiogenic shock, ICS). The cardiological/cardiac surgical and the intensive care medicine strategies dealt with in these guidelines are essential to the successful treatment and survival of patients with ICS; however, both European and American guidelines on myocardial infarction and heart failure and also position papers on cardiogenic shock focused mainly on cardiological aspects., Methods: Evidence on the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of ICS was collected and recommendations compiled in a nominal group process by delegates of the German Cardiac Society (DGK), the German Society for Medical Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine (DGIIN), the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG), the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI), the Austrian Society for Internal and General Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGIAIM), the Austrian Cardiology Society (ÖKG), the German Society for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Cardiovascular Diseases (DGPR) and the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), under the auspices of the Working Group of the Association of Medical Scientific Societies in Germany (AWMF). If only poor evidence on ICS was available, general study results on intensive care patients were inspected and presented in order to enable analogue conclusions., Results: A total of 95 recommendations, including 2 statements were compiled and based on these 7 algorithms with defined instructions on the course of treatment.

Background: The present guidelines ( http://leitlinien.net ) focus exclusively on cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction (infarction-related cardiogenic shock, ICS). The cardiological/cardiac surgical and the intensive care medicine strategies dealt with in these guidelines are essential to the successful treatment and survival of patients with ICS; however, both European and American guidelines on myocardial infarction and heart failure and also position papers on cardiogenic shock focused mainly on cardiological aspects.Methods: Evidence on the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of ICS was collected and recommendations compiled in a nominal group process by delegates of the German Cardiac Society (DGK), the German Society for Medical Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine (DGIIN), the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG), the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI), the Austrian Society for Internal and General Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGIAIM), the Austrian Cardiology Society (ÖKG), the German Society for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Cardiovascular Diseases (DGPR) and the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), under the auspices of the Working Group of the Association of Medical Scientific Societies in Germany (AWMF). If only poor evidence on ICS was available, general study results on intensive care patients were inspected and presented in order to enable analogue conclusions.Results: A total of 95 recommendations, including 2 statements were compiled and based on these 7 algorithms with defined instructions on the course of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2001 two graves from the Early Hallstatt Culture were discovered by accident in Rannersdorf. A roughly square chamber came to light under a small burial mound. In an urn were the remains of the cremation of a young woman. A zoomorphic spouted vessel, resembling a sheep, stood in front of two Kegelhals vessels accompanied by two scoop-shaped vessels. Beside the mound lay a further chamber with the cremation of a child, a spindle whorl and pottery vessels. Tis grave was disturbed in the ancient period. In this paper the zoomorphic spouted vessel, the sepulchral architecture and the inventory of the graves are discussed in their cultural and historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Tambora volcano erupted in Indonesia in 1815 with the highest intensity ever measured in Modern Times, this had consequences for the whole world. This paper will not deal with the negative consequences such as climate deterioration or crop failures, but with a positive side effect: the increased atmospheric opacity caused by the volcanic eruption made observations of sunspots easier. At that time, the now confirmed assumption that there is a connection between sunspot activity and climate was discussed. Regular observations were required for confirming this hypothesis. At the Benedictine monastery in Admont (Styria) the first meteorological measurements were carried out by the monk and physicist Gotthard Wisiak in the years 1814-1818. During his recordings, which were carried out three times a day, Wisiak noted various climatic elements and sunspot phenomena. The latter form the focus of this contribution. Although Wisiak's observations fall within the so-called "Dalton Minimum" (ca. 1790--1820), a period of low sunspot activity, the year 1816 was well suited for such observations because the maximum of solar cycle 6 was in that year. Wisiak mentioned the term sunspot 64 times in his records, including 9 times of explicit absence and 55 times of sightings of them. The recorded number of sunspots varied between 1 and 30. Also sunspot formations like an "army" (meaning a rather large group of sunspots) were mentioned. According to Wisiak's meteorological data, the observations of sunspots were in most cases carried out at conditions with high air humidity causing additional opacity. Quantitative comparisons with contemporary sunspot studies by Augustin Stark (Augsburg, Germany) and Thaddäus Derfflinger (Kremsmünster, Upper Austria) show overall consistency with the Admont observations especially for the period July to October 1816, despite different sophisticated instruments, topographical constraints at Admont, and the difference between primary (focus on astronomical monitoring) and secondary (focus on meteorological monitoring) sunspot observation activities. This contribution thus also gives new hints on the evaluability of historical sunspot observations in Austria based on primarily meteorologically oriented archive records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper examines the network-related strategies that the social groups apply in the course of establishing and embedding so-called "housing commons" and discusses related potentials and limitations. To this end, we focus on the Austrian umbrella organization "habiTAT" and the first two "habiTAT" projects in Vienna "SchloR" and "Bikes and Rails". The social capital approach provides together with spatiality related elements of social movements the conceptual embedding. The results of the analysis show that the housing projects have made explicit use of translocal networks in order to collectivise housing successfully. On this basis, the projects contribute -- far beyond their own needs -- to the establishment of a (trans-)local knowledge and expert network across commons, and the commoners provide thought-provoking impulses for the repoliticisation of non-profit social housing policy in Vienna and Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the history of the Institute of Geography and Regional Science at the University of Graz. Its beginning is set with the appointment of a first professor of geography in 1871. The article first outlines the historical development in three phases according personnel, research areas, study programmes and number of students. Until 2021, 18 professors have been appointed for the discipline, the first female professor not before 2018. The following section of the paper presents the results of two empirical studies addressing German nationalism in publications of Graz geographers and the disciplinary orientation of ca. 2400 theses, respectively. A short report on the anniversary event on November 11, 2021 leads to the conclusion. Overall, the developments of Graz Geography are similar to those at other locations in Austria. Future challenges include gender equality, the tension between regional responsibility and internationalisation as well as the continuation of the focus on integrative geographic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]