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Experimental investigations on high‐strength CHS for crane‐ and scaffolding construction So far, only a limited amount of experimental results is available for the derivation and verification of design principles for cold‐formed, high‐strength crane and scaffolding tubes up to S960. In this article, the authors present the conduction and results of buckling tests on centrally loaded scaffolding and crane tubes of steel grades up to S960. Measurements of residual stresses as structural imperfections using the sectioning method are discussed on ungalvanized and galvanized CHS in S960. Additionally, the geometric imperfections of the test specimens, which were captured by 3D scanning, are discussed and compared with the approaches of the European buckling curves. The deformations of the test specimens in the buckling tests were recorded using digital image correlation (DIC). The effects of galvanization and the buckling direction on the load‐bearing capacity are highlighted and elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration of an eccentric load introduction in the buckling check acc. to the reduced stress method in EN 1993‐1‐5:2019 – part 1: experimental studies During incremental launching, the cross‐section of a bridge is stressed by biaxial stresses due to the load introduction from the launching bearing on the last pier and the bending moment occurring there. In addition, unavoidable eccentricities from the load introduction occur, which could result in an additional out‐of‐plane bending at the web. While manufacturing‐related tolerances in form of imperfection coefficients or geometric equivalent imperfections are already taken into account in the current regulations for the buckling verification acc. to DIN EN 1993‐1‐5:2019, they do not include eccentricities of the load introduction from the launching bearings. In practice, therefore additional verifications are often required which are not regulated by standards and consequently cause significant additional work for the design and execution. In order to solve this problem, large‐scale buckling tests and numerical calculations were carried out as part of the buckling investigation for the Thulba viaduct and the research project on the buckling verification of longitudinally stiffened plates under multiaxial loading. Based on these, a proposal for the consideration of an eccentric load introduction in the buckling verification was developed by the main author. The present part 1 of this publication describes the experimental and numerical investigations on the effect of an eccentric load introduction considering different types of launching bearings. The results are then compared with the current regulations of the standard in a part 2. Furthermore, in part 2 a proposal for the consideration of an eccentric load introduction by implementing an eccentricity coefficient in the buckling verification using the method of reduced stresses is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal high‐performance columns made of high‐strength steels without welding In recent years, steel‐concrete composite columns made of normal‐strength steels are seldom used owing to the economic and technological advantages of precast reinforced concrete columns. Though, the use of high‐strength structural steels bears high potential for the efficient production of composite columns with excellent structural performance that are economically competitive to precast concrete columns, there are currently major obstacles to use of the ultra‐high‐strength steels (UHSS) in Germany. Hollow section composite columns with embedded high strength steel core without welded connections provide an opportunity to regain lost market share. A research project, funded by the AiF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen), is intended to explore the potential of UHSS composite columns by experimental and theoretical investigations. The present paper demonstrates the concept of such composite columns with UHSS and gives first exciting insights into the research results. In addition to column tests under ambient and fire conditions, small scale tests are necessary to investigate various influencing factors and to create the basis for new and easy to use design and construction principles that allow efficient application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental investigations on novel composite columns with a concrete filled hollow section and high‐strength steel plates as core in ambient and fire conditions High‐performance composite columns are commonly carried out with solid steel sections as core profiles. These profiles imply limitations due to reductions of the yield strength depending on the thickness and high residual stresses. In this publication, the authors present a novel section consisting of a concrete filled circular hollow section with locally connected steel plates as core. To increase the load bearing capacity, steels with yields strengths up to 960 N/mm2 are used. Experimental investigations for ambient conditions and in case of fire are presented. The columns showed a promising load bearing behaviour. These investigations will serve as basis for a systematic development of this innovative, high‐performance composite column with a corresponding design concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin‐walled cold‐formed steel elements represent an attractive structural solution due to the fast manufacturing and erection time on‐site. Their small thickness leads to imperfection and sensitivities to eccentricities. An experimental programme was performed on short members with lipped channel cross section, subjected to eccentric compression about the minor and major axes, in a large range of eccentricities. The specimens were manufactured on a folding machine. Before testing, the dimensions of all specimens were measured. Shortening of all specimens was measured in two ways, i.e., 1) using the displacement gauge integrated with the machine crosshead beam and 2) from deformation fields obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) system. The quantitative results, presented as the ultimate loads versus the eccentricity curve, emphasise the influence of the eccentric load on the capacity of the element. Finite element (FE) analyses were performed to simulate the behaviour of short members in eccentric compression using the commercial FE software ABAQUS/CAE and ANSYS. Static non‐linear analyses were conducted in displacement control. Both geometrical and material nonlinearities were included. An isotropic linearly elastic‐perfectly plastic constitutive model was considered, with von Mises yielding the criterion and associated flow rule. Failure modes were identified due to numerical and experimental tests. Plastic mechanism models were derived, resulting in the derivation of post‐ultimate, rigid‐plastic curves, characterising a post‐ultimate structural behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Failure of a steel pallet rack in Athens. Pallet racking systems have peculiar characteristics which differ from usual steel structures that make them sensitive to stability failure modes. In the present paper a rack failure is presented where the rack has failed due to lateral torsional and distortional buckling of its most stressed uprights. The structural behavior was studied by a combination of experimental and numerical/analytical methods. The investigations included test loading, bending tests on pallet beams, compression tests on stub column and bending tests on beam end connectors. Subsequently, a global geometrical non‐linear analysis is performed on the 3‐D system. Its results indicate by comparison with the pictures of the actual structure that the collapse mode is correctly detected. Conclusions are drawn that recommend the performance of static and dynamic analyses on an obligatory basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction of the Direct Strength Method into the design of cold formed steel members according to EN 1993‐1‐3. Cold formed steel members have a varied area of applications in steel lightweight constructions but are subject to local and global instabilities due to compressive and bending stress. The design method of the European Standard EN 1993‐1‐3 is based on the Method of Effective Widths covering local and distortional buckling. Unfortunately, an EN 1993‐1‐3 design is time‐consuming and prone to errors, furthermore the results are often conservative. This paper is going to introduce a new, practical design method for cold‐formed steel sections that combines the established European regulations of global instabilities with the Direct Strength Method (DSM) described in the North American standard AISI Standard 100 regarding local stability analysis. Based on comparative studies of mono‐symmetric cross‐sections it is possible to demonstrate that this new method offers a great potential of improving the design of cold‐formed sections, additionally improves the economic efficiency of lightweight steel sections. More theoretical and experimental investigations are needed, deeper leading questions are to answer, until this method is able to supplement the European standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Presently, numerical analysis of the finite element method and small‐scale tests are commonly adopted in researches on the shear behaviour of girders with corrugated steel webs, but these two methods are unable to deal well with the effects of construction flaws in actual structures. Besides, in the case of girders with trapezoidal corrugated webs, most studies took steel I‐shaped specimens with vertical webs and thin flanges as research objects, and these cannot represent girders with inclined webs or composite flanges. Therefore, a full‐scale corrugated steel web girder with inclined flanges was tested. The failure mode and shear strength of the girder were investigated. The results show that the shear resistance of flanges should not be ignored. Out‐of‐plane deformation develops in the web from the start of loading owing to initial geometric imperfections, and buckling failure occurs in areas where out‐of‐plane deformation develops fastest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beton- Und Stahlbetonbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)