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Referring to a newly formed word that accommodates the usage of a language at a particular time, the term neologism presents a relatively recent or isolated term, word, or phrase that may undergo the process of entering everyday usage, but that has not been fully accepted into language. They appear to be strongly influenced by changes in society, especially in culture and technology, and recently by rapid advancements in internet-based communication. However, due to their significant use, they seem to be widely and quickly accepted in social networking sites around the globe (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp). These social networking sites have had a significant impact on everyone nowadays as they improve and speed up communication, foster relationships and also boost business ventures. The hypothesis of this paper states that neologisms created by different morphological processes are excessively used in internet-based communication, for which purpose the examples from four most popular social networks have been extracted and compared. The results of the analysis have shown an extremely high percentage of the usage of neologisms in social networking sites.

The purpose of the article is to disclose the types of long-term debt liabilities, which need to be evaluated at the balance sheet date at their present value, to substantiate the procedure for calculating the present value and reflecting of accounting differences in accounting system. The requirements of national accounting standards regarding the display of long-term receivables and liabilities in accounting and reporting are discussed in the article. The methods of selecting the interest rates and the procedure of calculating their present value are described. It is proved that considering the national accounting standards there is uncertainty and multivariation concerning discount rates and the procedure of calculating the present value of long-term liabilities and distribution of discount variances. Due to this fact, the decision on the application of discount rates and the procedure of calculating the present value are made by accounting entities on their own based on the professional judgment of an accountant. It is proved that it is advisable to calculate the present value of long-term liabilities on the first balance sheet date after their occurrence using a quarterly period. It is argued that during the transferring long-term liabilities to current ones, discount variances should be written off at the same time. It is concluded that the discount variances should be accounted with applying the accounts of other income and expenses. An example of calculating the present value of long-term liabilities and accounting entries to it are also given. It is determined that the reflection of the present value of long-term liabilities in the accounting and reporting, that arose in connection with the acquisition of assets, does not affect their initial and further assessment. It is proposed to form and approve at the state level the Guidelines for determining the present value of long-term liabilities, that are to be discounted, and the distribution of discount variances between reporting periods.

In this study,we will make an attempt to analyse comparatively two works of art, which were written in the transition period from romance to realism in Russian and Turkish literature by the two master authors, who pioneered with their own understanding of art. In this context, our work will examine the subject, character and similarities and differences in social living in Pushkin's "Mistress into Maid" story and H. R. Gurpinar's "The Marriage Under A Comet" novel. Although there are no exact similarities in the life stories and in the social status of Pushkin and Huseyin Rahmi, one thing that unites them is ground-breaking innovations in community life that they accomplished through their art. Pushkin is the first artist who brings in the authentic identity and national character into the Russian literature. Being an Istanbul author and choosing only this city as a venue to his works, Huseyin Rahmi, just as Pushkin, aims to address to common class and stands for language simplification of the period. In the Turkish and Russian societies on the spur of the moment of the transition from romanticism to realism and in the highlight the national literature both Pushkin and Huseyin Rahmi are imperiously undisputed masters. Above mentioned works carry the great deal of importance for the reason of bringing to the meeting point two great writers of two different nations. Aim of the study is to reveal cultural similarities and differences in terms of subject and character descriptions by considering two different works of art, that was written in two different countries at different times, and, also, to show the path followed by the two different authors to reach the same aim.

In this essay, I argue that the terms anarchia and anarchos had become associated with critiques of democracy before the final quarter of the fifth century BCE. I begin with a review of archaic and early classical uses of the term, with a particular focus on two instances in Aeschylus’ Oresteia. I then examine Euripides’ two uses of anarchia/anarchos, one in Hecuba and the other in Iphigenia at Aulis. In each case, we see that the concept of anarchic behavior is associated with democratic bodies; that charges of anarchia are laid by characters who engage with critiques of democracy throughout the dramas; and that the term itself is embedded within discourses that are laden with the language and rhetoric of anti-democratic discourses found in Thucydides, Herodotus, and the Old Oligarch. Given that Euripidean references to anarchia are embedded within terminology that was already current in contemporary anti-democratic thought, I conclude that the concept of democracy’s ‘anarchic’ tendencies had already been developed by the final quarter of the fifth century BCE.

Every day, media managers face different challenges in a constantly changing global economic, cultural and technological setting (Hollifield, Leblanc Wicks, Sylvie, & Lowrey, 2016, p. 110, 177; Albarran, 2013; Shaver & Shaver, 2008; Hollifield, 2001). Between all these challenges, questions on what a media company is today, how it might be defined and the kinds of features characterizing it often remain unanswered. These questions are rarely addressed by authors and scholars working in both business economics, journalism, media, and communication science, maybe because there is the existing assumption of a self-evident and generally accepted definition of the term “media company” (as argued by Sjurts, 2004, p. 390) which actually does not exist. The aim of this paper is therefore to offer an overview of the existing theoretical approaches used to define “media companies,” to identify possible shortcomings of each definitional approach and, deduced from there, to suggest a theoretically sound and empirically applicable approach, which takes into account the challenges and needs of the actual media landscape.

In Topology Optimization the goal is to find the ideal material distribution in a domain subject to external forces. The structure is optimal if it has the highest possible stiffness. A volume constraint ensures filigree structures, which are regulated via a Ginzburg-Landau term. During 3D Printing overhangs lead to instabilities, which have only been tackled unsatisfactorily. The novel idea is to incorporate an Additive Manufacturing Constraint into the phase field method. A rigorous analysis proves the existence of a solution and leads to first order necessary optimality conditions. With an Allen-Cahn interface propagation the optimization problem is solved iteratively. At a low computational cost the Additive Manufacturing Constraint brings about support structures, which can be fine tuned according to engineering demands. Stability during 3D Printing is assured, which solves a common Additive Manufacturing problem.

Review zu: Wennerholm UB et al. Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term InductionStudy, SWEPIS): multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial. BMJ 2019; 367: l6131 Die hier zusammengefasste randomisierte kontrollierte Studie wurde vorzeitig beendet. Dies wirft viele Fragen auf. Daher gehen wir in unserem kritischen Kommentar stark auf die Planungsphase dieser Studie ein und besprechen das Outcome, das scheinbar den Abbruch notwendig werden ließ.

Model-based energy scenarios are a widely used tool for supporting economic and political decision makers. The results of energy modeling and the conclusions deduced therefrom, however, depend on the model input data derived from framework assumptions about future developments in the embedding society, which are deeply uncertain in the long term. The challenge to deal with this ‘context uncertainty’ in a systematic and comprehensive manner has only recently started to attract intensified attention in energy research; the search for appropriate methods is ongoing. This paper proposes a new concept for the construction of socio-technical energy scenarios, which combines familiar environmental modeling approaches with new developments in qualitative scenario methodology, and demonstrates the possible application of the concept in model-based energy scenario construction. © 2016 Elsevier

Nicht erst die jüngste globale Finanzkrise und die daraus resultierenden Schuldenkrisen, von denen vor allem der Euro-Raum stark betroffen war und ist, haben den Fokus auch im öffentlichen Sektor stärker auf eine solide, vergleichbare und transparente Rechnungslegung gelenkt. Neben der traditionell vergangenheitsorientierten Rechnungslegung gewinnt jedoch auch zunehmend eine in die Zukunft gerichtete Prognose der Nachhaltigkeit der öffentlichen Finanzen an Aufmerksamkeit. Während das Thema Langfristperspektiven auf nationaler Ebene an Fahrt gewinnt, ist dessen Relevanz für subnationale Ebenen (Länder, Kantone, Regionen) noch weitgehend unbeleuchtet, aber nicht unkritisch betrachtet. Der Beitrag geht der Fragestellung nach, welchen Nutzen Langfristberichterstattung auf subnationaler Ebene stiften kann und wie sie ausgestaltet sein könnte. The most recent financial crisis and the subsequent debt crisis, which particularly hit the euro zone strongly, has brought the public sector to focus on solid, comparable and transparent financial accounting. In addition to traditional retrospective financial accounting and reporting, future-oriented long term perspectives of sustainable public finances are gaining attention. While longterm projections have become popular at a national level, they have been less relevant at subnational levels (states, cantons, regions). This article addresses the questions, how long-term projections can be beneficial at subnational level and how they could be shaped.

Dimensionality reduction is the most widely used approach for extracting the most informative low-dimensional features from highdimensional ones. During the last two decades, different techniques (linear and nonlinear) have been proposed by researchers in various fields. However, the main question is now how well a specific technique does this job. In this paper, we introduce a qualitative method to assess the quality of dimensionality reduction. In contrast to numerical assessment, we focus here on visual assessment. We visualize the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of neighborhood graphs of data before and after dimensionality reduction in an immersive 3D virtual environment. We employe a mixture of linear and nonlinear dimension reduction techniques to apply to both synthetic and real datasets. The visualization depicts the quality of each technique in term of preserving distances and neighborhoods. The results show that a specific dimension reduction technique exhibits different performance in dealing with different datasets.

By incorporating known floor-plans in sequential Bayesian positioning estimators such as Particle Filters (PF), long term positioning accuracy can be achieved as long as the map is sufficiently accurate and the environment sufficiently constraints pedestrians' motion. Instead of using binary decisions to eliminate particles when crossing a wall as several authors do, a maps-based angular probability density function (PDF) is used in this paper that is capable of weighting the possible headings of the pedestrian according to local infrastructure. We will show that the angular PDF will help to obtain better performance in critical multi-modal navigation scenarios.

In less-than-truckload (LTL) terminals, arriving trucks have to be assigned to inbound doors and to suitable time slots for unloading. Simultaneously, waiting trucks have to be allocated to outbound doors. During a couple of hours, shipments from all incoming trucks are unloaded, sorted according to their relation, transported to the right outbound door, and loaded on the outgoing truck. (The term “relation” is an equivalent for destination; it originates from the German logistics vocabulary that uses the term to specify a certain transport offered between a source and a sink.) The first and the most important optimization aim is to minimize the total distance when transshipping units, because this leads to reduction in operational costs, which are usually very high. The second, and minor, aim is to minimize the waiting time for each truck. Usually the operator of an LTL transshipment building works with subcontractors when collecting and delivering goods. Therefore, no penalties have to be paid by the operators in case waiting times are too long. The logistical optimization task is modeled as a time-discrete, multicommodity flow problem with side constraints. Based on the applicable model, a decomposition approach and a modified column-generation approach are developed. In parallel, an evolutionary algorithm (EA) was implemented to tackle the problem at hand. Both algorithms—from the field of discrete mathematics, as well as from the field of computational intelligence—are applied to 10 test scenarios. A comparison of the solution process, as well as a comparison of the solution quality, concludes the work.

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Sep During the past almost 50 years Holter monitoring has become an established non-invasive diagnostic tool in clinical electrophysiology. It allows ECG recording independent of stationary monitoring facilities during daily life and, therefore, contains much information. In the beginning the main interest was directed towards quantitative and qualitative assessment of arrhythmias, their circadian behaviour, and the circadian behaviour of the heart rate. With advances in technology the analysis spectrum of Holter monitoring expanded, and it was used also for detection of silent myocardial ischaemia. New digital recorders and computers with large capacities made it possible to measure every single heart beat very accurately, which was a prerequisite for heart rate variability and QT-interval analysis, which provided new knowledge about the autonomic modulation of the heart rate and the circadian dynamicity of the QT interval, respectively. Beyond arrhythmia analysis Holter monitoring was increasingly used to assess prognosis in different cardiac conditions. It can also be valuable in assessing transient symptoms possibly related to arrhythmias or device dysfunction, which will not necessarily be revealed by simple device control.

The present study is divided into 2 parts: The first explains the concept of stimulating plate therapy at the Muenster Clinic and the second presents a longitudinal study of mouth and tongue posture in trisomy 21 children treated with this concept. 47 children underwent a pre-treatment examination (Rec1), and 38 attended a first follow-up examination (Rec2) after an average of 4 months of stimulating plate treatment. The second follow-up examination (Rec3) was on average 53 months after the end of treatment and covered 18 patients. Data acquisition was based on standardized parent questionnaires and standardized clinical examination records. Rec2 showed in part a highly significant improvement in orofacial appearance. These results were confirmed by the parent interview, according to which the mouth and tongue posture improved in 76.3% of the children during the time they were wearing the plate. Even when the plate was not in place, the result remained stable in 65.8% of the patients. Up to Rec3, further improvement was recorded in some results. The symptoms: “mouth mostly wide open” and “tongue mostly protruding way over lips” were reduced. The number of children whose tongue was “mostly in the oral cavity” increased correspondingly. At Rec3, the parents also rated the mouth posture in 88.9% and the tongue posture in 77.7% of the children as stable or further improved. It can be concluded from the results of this study that stimulating plate treatment in combination with physiotherapy provides a long-term improvement in the mouth and tongue posture of children with Down's syndrome.

Preventive measures for quality in cadiac surgery which are based on electronic data processing initially have to overcome a variety of obstacles. Some of the most serious encountered are the need for more extensive but more precise and correct documentation, the definition of quality and the identification of parameters to assess it, fears that means to check everything and everybody are being installed, and finding ways to found the measures. The measures have two aims at least: ensuring a broad general standard of treatment which every patient can expect, and supporting efforts at a continuous improvement of treatment methods and thus of the results. These aims dictate that any measures instituted have to be of a permanent nature: they cannot be reached in the long term by a simple supplementary activity such as a research project. On the contrary, a complete integration in the general hospital routine and in the standard documentation and information processes is necessary. As these today still are not usually based on clinical progress reports which are formally suitable for data processing, reorganisation to achieve this is a prerequisite for successful quality assurance. This means, however, that those responsible for quality must help in the reorganisation.