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Copyright of Librarium: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Bibliophilen-Gesellschaft is the property of Schweizerische Bibliophilen-Gesellschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern furniture manufacturing began in the mid-18th century, when cabinet makers, following the English model, manufactured luxury furniture in box construction and for stock according to the principles of rationalization and specialization. Other companies are used as examples to trace the transition to industrial production, until furniture made entirely by machines came onto the market at the beginning of the 20th century and the question of good design became increasingly important. Therefore, the second part of the essay uses selected examples to examine how companies were influenced from the outside, by large customers, the state or artists, with the aim of producing high-quality and well-designed products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lendemains is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the role Central Europe has played in the self-identification and positioning of New York intellectuals during and since the end of the Cold War. Through the lens of the New York Review of Books, it analyzes the rise of the human rights movement and of East European dissidents, the emerging consensus of the Holocaust as the ultimate evil, and the identification of Central Europe as a coherent but historically endangered cultural region. This contribution to the intellectual history of the Cold War focuses on the motivations and changing preferences of intellectuals and activists in New York. It relies on the published articles in the Review and interviews with participants in the East-West network discussed here. Although originally founded as a left-leaning journal that fiercely criticized the US political and intellectual establishment, the Review came to embrace classical liberalism in the 1970s. New groups of dissidents in Eastern Europe, such as the Moscow Helsinki Group, KOR, and the Charta 77, encouraged this ideological shift. They inspired the New Yorkers to rally behind the cause of human rights and opened their eyes to the tragic fate of twentieth-century Central Europe. Many in this informal network on either side of the Iron Curtain shared a family history that rooted in Jewish Eastern Europe. This alliance did not only offer the dissidents‟ elusive protection through the Review‟s influence on public opinion but also lent credibility to the American intellectuals involved and bolstered the perception of their political and intellectual integrity. After 1989, however, the network fell apart when much of Central Europe succumbed to ethno-nationalism. The New Yorkers focused instead on the wars in the former Yugoslavia. Eventually, friendships deteriorated over the opposing attitudes toward the US invasion of Iraq and the war on terror, in which both sides deployed the same arguments as during the Cold War but to different ends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation of love relationships complicates the question of post-Holocaust representations of Jews in recent German-language fiction. The images of Jewish mothers and mother-child relationships examined in this article vary from the reproduction of stereotyped traits to critical reflection upon and undermining of processes of stereotyping. These shifting literary representations reflect changes in German-Jewish identity as well as the ways in which non-Jewish Germans can come to think about the past and present status of Jews in Germany in order to develop a capacity for complex and nuanced empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the exhibition entitled “Carl Larsson – friends and enemies“ (Stockholm 2013) as its starting point, this study seeks to shed new light on the interplay of selected people in Larsson’s personal networks. It examines an issue, which has to date received little attention, the interaction between Larsson’s artistic and literary work. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, the study explores a range of personal relationships expressed both cooperatively and antagonistically, but is concerned less to demonstrate any conscious strategies on the part of Larsson than to reveal gradually evolving patterns of interaction. Indeed, in the fight for symbolic capital, Larsson’s combined genre of literature and art reproductions in the form of albums (1895–1910) is increasingly growing in importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1495 Philipp the Upright, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, had a large number of Jews arrested in the wine-growing village of Münster near Bingen. The Jews had gathered there to celebrate the wedding of a Jew's daughter from Friedberg with David of Münster, son of the Jewish physician Salman and brother of the Jewish physician Josef of Münster. In medieval history, such weddings repeatedly resulted in dangerous allegations towards the Jews involved, accusing them of conspiring to commit ritual murders or host desecrations. Or they were accused of displaying indecently luxurious attires at these festivities. In addition, they often celebrated in the presence of Christians, a fact that the church might consider scandalous. It appears, however, that the Elector Philipp was not driven to his actions in Münster by such accusations. His actions must rather be discussed in the context of the contemporary Geleitrecht (right of escort) and the customs dispute between Münster and Bingen, which lasted from 1491 to 1495. This part of the study is complemented by a closer look at the history of the family of the bridegroom, David of Münster: the activities of David's physician brother and of his father are relatively well documented since both resided in Frankfurt am Main for several years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elchanan Henle Kirchhan, author of the well-known ethical work Simchat ha-Nefesh, was born in 1666 as the seventh of twelve children in the Hessian town of Kirchhain near Marburg. Based on their family tree, drawn up in Hebrew letters in Hildesheim in 1812, this article follows biographical traces of his family members. It analyses the economic, spiritual and social rank of the large family within the Jewish society. The study reveals the position of many family members as leaders (Vorsteher, Parnassim) not only of the Hessian territorial Jewry (Landjudenschaft) but also of important Jewish urban communities like Halberstadt and Hildesheim during the seventeenth and eighteenth century and shows the family's trans-regional relations. Accordingly, this article argues the Parnassim to be a »political elite« with a separate social rank, similar to the rabbinic and economic elites, within the Jewish society of their time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Count Albert Joseph Hoditz (1706-1778) in the mirror of German literature The biography and cultural activities of Count Albert Josef Hodic has become a central theme of a whole series of publications on the history and cultural history, in which this nobleman is approached from the biographical as well as cultural and historical perspective. Although in the specialized literature Albert Joseph Hoditz is associated with the attributes oscillating between creativity, versatility, pacifist and cosmopolitan attitude, the pursuit of literary history to illuminate his numerous representations in European literature is rather marginal. The article aims to contribute to the approximation of the image of Count Hoditz in German literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercultural learning requires learners not only to acquire knowledge about everyday life in other countries but also to explore the history of those countries. History is not just a collection of facts about the past. Instead, history is a way of viewing and interpreting those facts. Thus, exploring history must involve people reflecting about the relevance of certain items or events for cotemporary individuals and communities. The aim of this paper is to discuss possible ways to involve learners personally and actively in the process of reflecting on places of memory (Pierre Nora) as well as ways to use film as a pedagogical starting point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Daphnis: Zeitschrift fuer Mittlere Deutsche Literatur und Kultur der Fruhen Neuzeit is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the role of Jewish women who were active as business women in the 16th and 17th centuries. It discusses mainly noble women who administrated businesses after their husbands had died, women who worked in business with their husbands, and those who built their own businesses. Using sources from the areas of Austria and Bohemia, the author examines legal issues faced by the women and focuses on the particular case of Gertraud Munk and Anna Goldscheiderin, both money lenders.

Copyright of Daphnis: Zeitschrift fuer Mittlere Deutsche Literatur und Kultur der Fruhen Neuzeit is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with three aspects of social security coverage. Firstly, we shall explore to what extent the state should cover private risks through its social security system. Secondly, we discuss the situation in Germany, with special regard to the question whether Germany's current economic problems – stagnation and high unemployment – are caused by the growth of benefits provided by Social Security and the pay-as-you-go funding method. Thirdly, we look at risk coverage from the perspective of political economics. Polls show that the Germans increasingly mistrust the market mechanism. How, then, can the state reduce its coverage of individual risks and harness market forces instead of providing a minimum of social security? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]