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Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Orthopädie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Orthopädie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aggregate Interlock in critical shear cracks Numerous models have been published for estimating the shear capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete members without transverse reinforcement. Some approaches assume that the shear force is essentially carried by crack friction. Others consider the uncracked concrete compression zone as the governing load‐bearing mechanism. To address this question, 10 tests were conducted on reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. The focus of the tests was to record crack development and to measure crack opening and crack sliding. Using conventional and modern measurement methods, such as digital image correlation (DIC), the load‐bearing behavior was extensively recorded and evaluated. Furthermore, the crack surfaces were inspected and the shear friction was calculated. According to the conducted investigations, crack friction carries only a small proportion of the total shear force. The results of the research project thus contribute to a better understanding of shear force transfer in reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tribologie und Schmierungstechnik is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on micro waterjet cutting offers certain advantages in their manufacture and monolithic kinematics with application for robotics, aerospace, terrestrial systems for astronomy as well as constructions for medical technology. It mentions movement and acceleration in mechanical engineering as well as positioning systems for ultra-precision mechanics in numerous areas of application. It also mentions service life are affected by bearing play, friction, wear and tear.

The article talks about the influence of the shore hardness on the kinematic movement behavior as well as examined for the breakdown characteristics of the suction pad. It mentions that the production of the capacitive sensor pattern is done with the hot press process as well as its cohesive integration as a material composite in the suction pad structure explained.

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The presented method of calculation of the separation of polydisperse condensed moisture from a flow of wet steam or air in a vertical cyclone with tangential inlet side of the flow of the working fluid, and histograms of the size distribu-tion is not deposited drops and diagrams of the distribution on the inner wall surface of the cyclone mass flow of the precipitated liquid. It includes gas-dynamic model of the motion of the gas and liquid phases of the working fluid inside the cyclone and the approach implements the idea of spatial and fractional discretization of the separation process. On the basis of calculations of the kinematics of condensed moisture specific cyclones have shown the feasibility of im-proving the accepted system of dehumidification that is associated with the implementation of intermediate wicking devices, their rational placement on the surface of the shell and setting the optimum constructive sizes.

Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ergoscience is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Comparative studies of fish swimming have been limited by the lack of quantitative definitions of fish gaits. Traditionally, steady swimming gaits have been defined categorically by the fin or region of the body that is used as the main propulsor and named after major fish clades (e.g. carangiform, anguilliform, balistiform, labriform). This method of categorization is limited by the lack of explicit measurements, the inability to incorporate contributions of multiple propulsors and the inability to compare gaits across different categories. I propose an alternative framework for the definition and comparison of fish gaits based on the propulsive contribution of each structure (body and/or fin) being used as a propulsor relative to locomotor output, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework by comparing three species of neotropical cichlids with different body shapes. This approach is modular with respect to the number of propulsors considered, flexible with respect to the definition of the propulsive inputs and the locomotor output of interest, and designed explicitly to handle combinations of propulsors. Using this approach, gait can be defined as a trajectory through propulsive space, and gait transitions can be defined as discontinuities in the gait trajectory. By measuring and defining gait in this way, patterns of clustering corresponding to existing categorical definitions of gait may emerge, and gaits can be rigorously compared across categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional study with five different experienced show jumping and eventing horses was undertaken to prepare a simple and versatile possibility to objectify jumping movement in training and competition in order to optimize training and health maintenance. From the state of scientific research, continuing theoretical considerations and previously performed measurements with the selected inertial sensors, a large pool of possible performance-relevant parameters is selected. Its presentability should be proofed in the next step in field trials by an inertial measurement unit embedded in a saddle belt. The horses were ridden over a single vertical fence with a height of 1.30m. For the purpose of a standardized jumping movement, a gymnastic series is prefixed in half of the trials (n=30). The other half is approached in normal canter. A three dimensional accelerometer and a gyroscope, embedded in the saddle belt, illustrate the kinematics of the horses trunk. In three body planes, the translational and rotational movement of the horses trunk results in a consistent pattern of movement with striking points while jumping. In translation, there is a maximum dorsal acceleration of the fore limbs and of the hind limbs in take-off as well as of the fore limbs in landing in sagittal direction. In longitudinal direction, caudal and cranial maximum values of the fore limbs and the hind limbs in take-off are visible. Additionally, with the rotation, velocity around the body width axis at takeoff (dorsal), in suspension (ventral) and after landing (dorsal) are clearly detectable. The translation in the transverse direction as well as the rotation around the body length and body depth axis do not result in evaluable movement patterns. Other important parameters like the velocity of approach, takeoff and landing as well as the take-off and landing distance and angle cannot be obtained from the inertial data. Comparing the results of the different horses, a main effect due to the individuality of each parameter (p0.05) and “Approach" (p>0.05) can be shown. The illustration of take-off and landing velocity, distance and angle of the horses trunks in take-off and landing as well as the approaching speed by integration of the inertial data is not possible yet. The drift of the sensors is too high. In conclusion the inertial measurement system appears to be suitable to present jumping kinematics in the field. The conducted investigation implies the possibility to compare the intra-individual kinematics of horses trunks in show jumping. Because the measurement error accumulated rapidly over measurement duration, the gyroscope data cannot be used to determine the sensor s orientation. To shorten the measurement duration, a known integration constant close to the take-off position is necessary. Further examination with a larger number of horses is necessary to evaluate and interpret the inertial parameters in relation to individual performance. Additionally, physical properties of each sensor, possibilities to determine IMUs orientation as well as the accuracy of the whole measurement unit have to be proofed in order to create a fitting filter system for an autonomous self-tracking system. Therewith, the usage of the IMU saddle belt without an external source as well as the illustration of the kinematics in relation to the world-coordinate-system become possible. Otherwise, kinematic data in relation to the sensor-coordinate-system has to be evaluated in a further investigation with a larger number of horses in order to explain the coherence to performance and success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der MKG-Chirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Orthopäde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An article is presented on the technological innovations of German engineer and kinematicist Franz Reuleaux. The author discusses Reuleaux's views on the philosophy of the manufacture of 19th-century German goods, examines his role as commissioner of the German empire in the management of the 1879 Sydney International Exhibition in Sydney, New South Wales as well as the 1880 Melbourne International Exhibition in Melbourne, Victoria, and offers information on the attitude of Rouleaux toward colonialism.

Copyright of Obere Extremitat is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Orthopäde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The anatomical axes of the body parts and the mechanical axis of the lower extremity play a central role for the load transmission from hip to femur and tibia. These axes essentially determine both the statics and kinetics of the lower extremity. The movements of the joints (kinematics), however, are essentially determined by the anatomy and morphometry of the body parts. The maximum movement capacity of the joints is rarely exploited in the physiologic movement of the joints. Finally, the resulting forces and moments which act on the bones and the joints are partly determined by the weight and the inertia of the body parts. The major contributor to force and moment, however, results from the action of the muscles. The muscle forces and their action through short lever arms explain the substantial loads in hip and knee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Orthopäde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arthroskopie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sport-Orthopadie - Sport-Traumatologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obere Extremitat is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Orthopäde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Langenbecks Archiv fuer Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)