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The discovery pipeline for novel antibiotics runs dry, while antimicrobial resistances increase, causing 1.3 million deaths per year globally. Even in the European Economic Area with generally intact health care, more than 35,000 people die per year with numbers expected to rise. Especially certain pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria are to blame. Optimized versions of the innovative natural product class of darobactins acting selectively at a novel target on the bacterial outer membrane may provide novel treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Scientific Journal of Polonia University is the property of Polonia University of Czestochowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

β-barrel transmembrane proteins are present in outer membranes of bacteria and organelles of eukaryotic cells like mitochondria and chloroplasts. After their synthesis in the cytosol, bacterial outer membrane proteins are translocated in unfolded form across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasm. Chaperones assist their transport to the β-barrel assembly machinery BAM of the outer membrane. Biophysical studies on outer membrane protein A indicated a concerted folding and insertion mechanism into lipid bilayers for which the activation energy is lowered by the BAM-complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Apart from details about youth and family, the focus of this interview with Boudewijn Sirks is on his academic career. After studying law, theology and philosophy, he graduated with a DPhil on an aspect of Roman administrative law. He then specialised in Roman law in all its aspects and in almost all of its periods of application. An extension of this led him to research further in the legal history of the Dutch East Indies. Having worked at the Universities of Utrecht, Amsterdam and Leiden, he became Professor at the J.W. Goethe University in Frankfurt for private law and legal history, then Regius Professor of Civil Law in the University of Oxford, where he is still Fellow of All Souls College. The interview deals with the differences between legal educations in the Netherlands, Germany and England and with his views concerning the methodology of legal history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article discusses Stephen King's classic and currently still best-selling horror novel, It, by connecting it to theories and approaches stemming mainly from the fields of cultural anthropology, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysis. Understanding that these theories are very valuable for the comprehension of fantastic literature, I argue that the horror of It functions mainly as an illustration for deferred adolescent development. In an aesthetically complex and topologically multi-coded way, the novel exemplifies what happens when essential developmental tasks remain unprocessed. The fantastic element of the novel particularly manifests those fears that are associated with transitions between worlds defined by different social needs. In sum, my argument ties in with approaches to the fantastic that stress the language of the fantastic as being highly suitable for illuminating both the deep structures of the human psyche and psychosocial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restriktivni pristup tumačenja pretpostavki dopuštenosti podnošenja tužbe za poništenje pred Sudom Europske unije kada su u pitanju fizičke i pravne osobe prije donošenja Lisabonskog ugovora bio je predmetom niza doktrinarnih kri- tika. Cilj je ovog rada analizirati praktični utjecaj novih pravila o dopuštenosti podnošenja tužbe u svjetlu interpretativnih rješenja koje je dao Sud. Konkret- no, analizirat će se imaju li temeljem novog članka 263. stavka 4. Ugovora o funkcioniranju Europske unije privatni podnositelji jednostavniji pristup Sudu Europske unije u usporedbi s onim prije izmjena iz Lisabonskog ugovora. Osim toga, analizirat će se i kompatibilnost navedenog članka s međunarodnim ob- vezama koje proizlaze iz Aarhuške konvencije o pristupu informacijama, sud- jelovanju javnosti u odlučivanju i pristupu pravosuđu u pitanjima okoliša, spo- razuma kojeg je i Europska unija stranka. Na kraju rada, dolazi se do zaključka da, unatoč postojanju određenog napret- ka u smislu olakšavanja fizičkim i pravnim osobama pristup sudu, tim će oso- bama izravni pristup, radi osporavanja nezakonitosti akata tijela i institucija Europske unije i dalje biti dostupan samo u ograničenim slučajevima.

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Copyright of Acta Universitatis Carolinae Philologica is the property of Charles University Prague, Karolinum Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of the decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius ("NFIB"), can be felt most directly in the eighteen states that refused to expand their Medicaid programs under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The pertinent legal ramifications of NFIB can be summarized as the establishment of an "Anti-Leveraging Principle" that provides a limit on the power of the Spending Clause. The real-world consequences, however, are much more important. The fact that states can now opt out of expanding Medicaid has left a gap in coverage for about three million citizens-- those who are neither covered by their state's Medicaid program, nor qualify for subsidies in the state or federally run Health Insurance Marketplaces. This gap can only be filled through a judicial solution that circumvents the inability of the federal government to force the Medicaid expansion itself. Roberts's opinion in NFIB left intact the mandatory language of the act creating a new eligibility category covering all nonelderly low-income persons. This is the kind of strong language that, in providing a right directly to individuals and families, survives the recent restrictions on private enforcement of Spending Clause statutes under the Gonzaga-Blessing paradigm. Therefore, potential beneficiaries should be able to utilize 42 USC § 1983 to enforce this right-creating language. This Note explores how this predicament developed, explains the § 1983 claim in relation to the Medicaid Act, and elucidates how the language added by the Affordable Care Act can be enforced just as previous Medicaid provisions have been--by class actions seeking injunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the topics of the November 2015 issue of the periodical on the social history of German literature "Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur" on the history of writing in the study of the humanities including the use of English as the international language of research, philosophy historiography, and mimesis and abstraction in the writings of literary scholars Peter Szondi and Roland Barthes.

The article discusses the development of a civil historiography of World War I and scholarly research on the social and political history of World War I. The establishment of official narratives of the declaration of war in Germany, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium, France, Austro-Hungary, and Serbia is described, regional differences in the war justifications and narratives of the countries are examined, and research on German occupation of Eastern European, Balkan, and Middle Eastern countries during World War I is analyzed. Elements of collective memory in World War I historiography are investigated along with the social aspects of total war mobilization.

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This article focuses on the "Gnadenbild" (German term for image of a holy person) of the Virgin Mary that was found in Maria Radna, a former convent and chapel complex for Franciscan Catholic monks (now a popular religions pilgrimage destination for Catholic people) located in Banat, Romania. Several topics are discussed, such as how the style of the religious representation originated from the Carmelites (medieval Catholic religious order) and is similar to an image of the Virgin Mary painted by the artist Girolamo Massei in Rome, Italy in the late 1500s, how this Gnadenbild came to Maria Radna in 1668 trough a traveling Italian merchant, and how the representation consists of a print of an image of the Virgin Mary that was decorated with gold crowns.

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This article focuses on Jewish dramaturges that worked in German theaters during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. Several topics are discussed, including the importance of the role of a dramatuge for theaters in Germany, how the historian Arnold Zweig mentioned Jewish dramaturges in his book "Juden auf der deutschen Bühne," and how there were many Jewish dramaturges in Austria as well. Also mentioned are the contributions of the Jewish dramaturges Felix Hollaender, Arthur Kahane, and Paul Lindau to German theaters.

The article lists the books received for review including "Elements of German. Phonology and Morphology," by Elmer H. Antonsen, "Mit Luther oder Goethe in Italien. Irritation und Sehnsucht der Deutschen," by Italo Michele Battafarano and "New Music, New Allies: American Experimental Music in West Germany From the Zero Hour to Reunification," by Amy C. Beal.

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