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This article examines the impact of the reporting practice and paper technologies like forms on reports that were later used for national morbidity statistics by studying the Swiss reporting system for infectious diseases between 1886 and 1921. Analysing the production processes of notifications shows the difficulties and solutions in the implementation of the statutory reporting process. Two disease outbreaks-a smallpox outbreak in Schaffhausen and a typhoid outbreak in the canton of Lucerne-serve as case studies. It is shown that reports are not only objective representations of diseases, but also symbolize the medico-social interactions that produce them, timed by administrative tools like reporting forms and the act of reporting. This destabilises historical statistics and illustrates the complexity of the historical source material, as these interactions and their impact on reporting must be considered. These findings are further supported by examining the Swiss reporting system during the Spanish flu of 1918 and its failure to record influenza cases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The Bündnis Junger Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ, Alliance of Young Physicians in Germany) has presented a position paper (PP) on Postgraduate Medical Education (PGME) against the background of an unfolding hospital reform in Germany, and they describe existing deficits of PGME in Germany. Based on this, demands were made of legislators, employers and medical associations which could result in a sweeping reformation of PGME. Hospital reforms can only be accomplished with well trained and motivated physicians. In this respect the BJÄ regards the reform of hospitals and the health-care system as a chance for a reform of PGME, which is long overdue. Legislative competence for PGME lies with the States of the Federal Republic of Germany and this warrants an adjustment of state medical association laws to accommodate the demands of the BJÄ. Generally PGME must be taken into consideration in all health-care legislation, in analogy to the meanwhile globally adopted principle of “Health in all Politics (HiAP)”. The BJÄ has made every endeavour to produce this PP. The responsible stakeholders and actors in the health-care system would be well-advised to take the position paper seriously with a dwindling physician work force in hospitals and serious quality deficits in PGME. Hence, the BJÄ must be comprehensively supported. They need congenial partners to define the scientific foundation of all their demands, to test their application under real life conditions in hospital and outpatient care, to pursue research on the impact on patient care and on the intended transformation of the health-care system. This might best be accomplished by partnering with a scientific as has been the case in many countries for decades.

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

This article examines blue paper as an ecological solution in drawing practice by investigating the questions of when and under which circumstances German artists in the early sixteenth century decided to use blue paper. Blue paper had several aesthetic, symbolic, and economic functions, often both referencing a geographic relationship to Italy and its tradition of drawing on blue paper, and also engaging in a world of play and imitation in workshop practices. For a better understanding of the early modern paper ecologies within which artists worked, it is necessary to regard paper production within a broader socio-cultural range, thus not only as an exchange between paper makers but also with consideration of other crafts as well as the impact of new technologies. From there we can reconsider our relationship to nature.

La professionalització dels intèrprets en l’àmbit jurídic està guanyant importància a Espanya a causa de les directives de la Unió Europea sobre els drets processals de persones sospitoses o acusades d’algun delicte. A això s’hi ha d’afegir la prolongada crisi humanitària, que ha sensibilitzat l’opinió pública sobre la qualitat de la interpretació proporcionada per diverses ONG i altres organismes que s’ocupen dels sol·licitants d’asil. Actualment, els proveïdors de serveis privats contracten els intèrprets en funció de les llengües que necessitin o que estiguin disponibles, sense exigir-los una formació específica. En aquest article, analitzem la qualitat percebuda dels serveis d’interpretació i el paper de l’intèrpret des de diverses perspectives, incloses les dels agents de les ONG (assessors jurídics, treballadors socials i psicòlegs) i els advocats que participen en aquesta mena de processos, seguint mètodes d’investigació descriptiva. A continuació, tractarem les diferents percepcions sobre la figura de l’intèrpret que tenen els diferents professionals que intervenen en el procediment de sol·licitud d’asil, amb l’objectiu d’obtenir una imatge vàlida, basada en dades, de la interpretació en el context de la sol·licitud d’asil a Espanya. S’espera que aquesta informació serveixi per omplir el buit que existeix en el desenvolupament professional dels intèrprets com a part essencial dels processos d’asil i, el que és més important, com a garantia dels drets humans. També contribuirà a sensibilitzar els professionals que desenvolupen la seva feina amb l’ajuda d’intèrprets.

Članak donosi neobjavljene i u to vrijeme neke objavljene dokumente o Stepincu iz Meštrovićeva arhiva na Sveučilištu Notre Dame u Indiani, SAD, na kojem je Meštrović predavao od 1955. godine do svoje smrti 1962. godine. Uz ostale, donosi se Meštrovićevo pismo kardinalu Spellmanu iz 1954. godine označeno oznakom „povjerljivo“, pismo Alojzija Stepinca Meštroviću od 3. listopada 1956. godine, Meštrovićeva čestitka Stepincu u povodu njegova 60. rođendana, prepiska sa č. s. Reginom Mary C. S. J. nakon Meštrovićeva posjeta Stepincu 1959. godine. U članku su dokumenti dijelom transkribirani i prikazani su, tj. obrađeni najvažniji sadržaji. Dokumenti su nastali u razdoblju od 1949. do 1960. godine. Dokumentacija pokazuje da je Ivan Meštrović iznimno poštovao Stepinca te ga je smatrao nevinim u odnosu na sva nedjela koja su mu se u montiranom sudskom procesu i u javnosti stavljala na teret.

Patientensicherheit ist eines der höchsten Ziele der Gesundheitsversorgung und seit dem Jahr 2022 zehntes nationales Gesundheitsziel in Deutschland. Versorgungsfehler tragen in großer Zahl zu vorübergehender oder dauerhafter Beeinträchtigung, verlängertem Krankenhausaufenthalt oder sogar zum Tod von Patientinnen bei. Obwohl das Thema seit der Veröffentlichung von „To err is human“ im Jahr 2000 in den USA auch in Deutschland große Beachtung erfährt, besteht weiterhin hoher Handlungsbedarf. Unerwünschte Ereignisse, die im Behandlungskontext ausgelöst werden, sind angesichts der Komplexität medizinischer Behandlungen und der Bandbreite patientenseitiger gesundheitlicher Vorbedingungen nicht vollständig verhinderbar. Strategien zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität konzentrieren sich daher auf die Verhinderung vermeidbarer unerwünschter Ereignisse. Diese sind so definiert, dass sie bei Einhaltung aktueller medizinischer Standards nicht auftreten würden. Das Aktionsbündnis Patientensicherheit e. V. (APS), ein Zusammenschluss von Vertretungen von Gesundheitsberufen, -institutionen, Verbänden und Patientenorganisationen setzt sich seit seiner Gründung im Jahr 2005 für die Umsetzung von Strategien zur Vermeidung unerwünschter Ereignisse ein. Behandlungsfehler treten meist innerhalb komplexer und arbeitsteiliger Zusammenhänge auf. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist für das APS das wichtigste Instrument zur Verbesserung der Patientensicherheit das gemeinsame Lernen aus Fehlern [1]. Um dies zu ermöglichen und erfolgreich anzuwenden, muss offen kommuniziert werden.

This paper discusses the results of an intervarsity picture kamishibai-storytelling workshop that integrated communication skills and art via the online real-time conference system, Zoom©. As in previous years, the goal of the annual summer drama workshop was to support the participants’ communication and leadership skills. In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic however, the chief purpose of the 2020 Online Summer English Drama Kamishibai Workshop was to support the mental well-being of students. Thirteen low-to-intermediate level English language students, both English language majors and non-majors from three different universities in Japan worked together for the workshop project in three 90-minute online slots over two days in August 2020. After learning the basic theory and techniques of the storytelling art, students were divided into groups to create their original English kamishibai story to perform online. In the preparation stage, each student created their own work using simple A4 paper sheets and pens, and these were amalgamated with other members of their group to form a coherent narrative. At the end of the third session, each group presented their work on Zoom©, and these performances demonstrated the students’ creativity through unique plots and characters. Their feedback indicated that they developed stress-tolerance and resilience, both features of negative capability.

During the archaeological research conducted in 2019 under the project “The Former Headquarters of the Gestapo and the Communist Provincial Office of Public Security in Anstadt Avenue in Łódź. Interdisciplinary Site Research” under the supervision of Dr Olgierd Ławrynowicz, an object filled with products on a paper base and bookbinding materials was found in one of the excavations. This paper attempts to clarify the chronology of paper products and to identify their type (typescripts, prints of monetary value, books, bookbinding materials, arrangement drawings, other paper products) and the material used. The visible content was identified using basic research methods and digital photographic documentation of it was made to preserve it.

On Wednesday, the 24th of April, the European Parliament will vote on a reform of the Schengen Border Code (SBC). The reform appears to institutionalize existing patterns of denying access to rights for people on the move by introducing “transfer-procedures”. Expulsions without procedural safeguards have become common practice at internal borders throughout the EU. The proposed regulation raises concerns over its unclear resolution of potential conflict with EU secondary and primary law, particularly its incompatibility with children’s rights standards, and its application in practice.

Abstract: In this article, we will attempt a broad exploration of new literary forms in order to gain an overview of how literary work has taken hold of new digital technologies. We will then attempt to identify the problematic relationship between electronic and digital literature and examine the definitional issues that arise. Finally, we present an overview of the different types of digital poetry, highlighting the relationship of continuity or rupture between traditional and digital literary forms. Keywords: Literature, Digital, Electronics, Hypertextuality, Interactivity

After 9/11, the academic study of terrorism flourished as more government resources were focused on counterterrorism efforts. As the focus slowly shifted towards P/CVE or Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, more and more articles lauded the potential benefits of including Formers. The idea behind that was that experience equals expertise. Formers have been valuable data sources as research participants. However, the current trend has seen Formers leave that role and take on far more complicated and sophisticated roles, such as deradicalization experts, claiming to help people leave extremism. This policy paper focuses on the evidence, specifically the lack of evidence, to support the prevailing assumptions regarding the effectiveness of Formers and dissects the ethical issues arising from their involvement in P/CVE. The paper ends with policy recommendations to shift P/CVE activities and research toward a more empirically-grounded model. Since P/CVE initiatives involve a variety of actors, from academic researchers to the media to practitioners, this paper is not aimed at one field or profession. Rather, it is intended for everyone involved in P/CVE-related activities, including research.

Aquest article destaca el paper dels serveis socials locals en l’aplicació de les polítiques d’habitatge, concretament a Catalunya. És per això, que es presenta una revisió de tres instruments normatius: La Llei 18/2007, del dret a l’habitatge, la Llei 24/2015, de mesures urgents per a afrontar l’emergència en l’àmbit de l’habitatge i la pobresa energètica i la Llei 4/2016, de mesures de protecció del dret a l’habitatge de les persones en risc d’exclusió residencial. S’identifiquen els processos o polítiques públiques que ―per a la seva concreció― requereixen de la participació de les professionals dels serveis socials, destacant els reptes que es presenten i la necessària articulació entre les diferents administracions públiques per a garantir l’exercici efectiu del dret a l’habitatge de les persones que resideixen a Catalunya.

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

The Maternity Protection Act is intended to protect the mother and the child from hazards, excessive demands and damage to health in the workplace, and from financial disadvantages and loss of employment. However, the objectives defined by the Maternity Protection Act-the safety and health of the pregnant employee on the one hand and the prevention of disadvantages in working life on the other-are not yet adequately achieved in the intensive care unit (ICU). Implementation of the Maternity Protection Act to the benefit of all involved parties should also be promoted in the specialist areas represented by the DIVI, in particular the work of pregnant physicians and nursing staff and other working specialists (respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, psychotherapists, and social workers) in the ICU. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the need to consider each pregnant and breastfeeding staff member individually and to work together to find a personal solution for continuing to work in the ICU. Possible ways and solutions to achieve this goal are outlined and practical examples are given for implementation in everyday clinical routine. These are also based on comprehensive presentation of activities according to a traffic light color-code system for all occupational groups. Arguments against pregnant employees working in the ICU are discussed and possible solutions are presented., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction:  The ambulantization of patient care that were previously provided as inpatient service is one of the goals of the current reform in the German healthcare system. In pulmonology, this particularly applies to endoscopic procedures. However, the real costs of endoscopic services, which form the basis for the calculation of a future so called hybrid DRG or in the AOP catalog, are unclear., Methods:  After selection of use cases including endoscopic procedures which can be performed on an outpatient basis by a committee of experts the appropriate DRGs were identified from the § 21-KHEntgG data for 2022 published by the Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK). The costs were calculated from the respective InEK cost matrix added by the calculated material costs., Results:  The use cases suitable for outpatient treatment were systematic endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with transbronchial needle aspiration (calculated costs € 2,175.60 without or € 3,315.60 including PET/CT), navigation-assisted bronchoscopy for peripheral lesions (depending on the methodology € 2,870.23 to €4,120.23) and diagnostic (flexible) bronchoscopy (€ 1,121.02)., Conclusion:  Outpatient treatment of endoscopic procedures that were previously performed inpatient is possible and necessary, and the costs calculated in this publication can form a reliable basis for appropriate reimbursement. Together with a structural quality that has been transformed to outpatient service and cross-sector cooperation, continued high-quality care for pneumological patients can be ensured., Competing Interests: Keiner der Autoren erklärte einen Interessenkonflikt. Die inspiring-health GmbH (M. Rathmayer, M. Tiefgraber, M. Wilke) hat als Berater für die Moderation der Arbeitsgruppensitzungen und die Durchführung der Kostenkalkulationen ein Beratungshonorar von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. erhalten., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

E-cigarettes are primarily used by teenagers and young adults. Flavors in e-cigarettes increase their attractiveness and encourage young people and adults to start using them. This exposes young people in particular to the risk of nicotine addiction and various toxic substances from the aerosol of e-cigarettes. There are indications that various flavors in e-cigarettes are harmful to health, although toxicological studies are still lacking for the majority of flavors. There is a need for independent scientific investigations in this area. The scientific societies involved are calling for a ban on flavors in e-cigarettes, a ban on disposable e-cigarettes, effective regulation of the sale of e-cigarettes and effective control and implementation of the provisions for the protection of minors., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

The present recommendations on the therapy of sarcoidosis of the German Respiratory Society (DGP) was written in 2023 as a German-language supplement and update of the international guidelines of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) from 2021. It contains 5 PICO questions (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) agreed in the consensus process, which are explained in the background text of the four articles: Confirmation of diagnosis and monitoring of the disease under therapy, general therapy recommendations, therapy of cutaneous sarcoidosis, therapy of cardiac sarcoidosis., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany.)

Studia theodisca XXX (2023) - Call for Papers

This article analyses the importance of paper in the context of early modern warfare. During the war against the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 17th century, the Habsburgs were establishing a new administration in Hungary, which served both military and civil purposes. Not only did administrative tasks have to be organized, but the very success of military operations depended on the well-ordered work of the administration: communication had to be smooth, and a wide variety of tasks had to be properly and reliably processed. To fulfil these requirements, the administration needed large quantities of paper. This study follows the traces of paper in the records of the Chamber Administration in Buda and points to the vital need for paper at the heart of the new Habsburg rule. The challenges of acquiring and producing paper themselves became crucial aspects of the administration’s work. The article argues that a reliable supply of paper competed even with the distribution of arms and food to become an essential resource in warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper was already being used in southwestern Germany before the first paper mills began production there in the late 14th century. But it was the establishment of a local paper industry that made the still relatively new writing material available in large quantities. The demand for paper made the operation of a paper mill seem profitable, and the increased supply of paper in turn fueled the rise in writing. At the end of the Middle Ages, paper thus became the material basis of a media evolution that extended far into modern times. But how was the new writing material produced? The new craft of papermaking differed significantly from the production of parchment, the traditional writing material, in terms of equipment, raw materials, capital requirements, and working methods. Nevertheless, papermaking could use already existing infrastructures, especially in the field of energy supply by waterwheels. This article examines the specific characteristics of the new craft using the example of the German southwest, where numerous paper mills were established in the 15th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]