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Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Linguistik Online is the property of Universitaet Bern, Philosophisch-Historische Fakultaet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper examines the impact of the COVID 19-pandemic on school exchanges between Germany and France. Furthermore, it investigates teachers’ and students’ experiences with distance learning during this period. We highlight that the pandemic has generated many exceptional challenges, especially for vulnerable students. However, the pandemic-induced constraints have also stimulated the development of new didactic approaches, tools and methods. Therefore, we can speak about the new opportunities in the domain of education, and most precisely, for school exchanges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This short review article has two main goals. On the one hand, to show that beyond an apparent opposition between "big state" and "big society", the history of French assistance is based more on complementarities and cooperation than on confrontation. As in Anglo-Saxon countries and Germany, it is therefore relevant to speak about a "mixed economy of welfare", although the term is almost never used. On the other hand, the paper will also try to understand that omission by tracing the outlines of the French historiography on assistance, showing that works on the subject are both relatively recent (mainly from the 1990s onwards) and often scattered across religious and social history from the 19th to the 21st century; but also between historians and other social scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Sozialreform is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Konfliktmanagement is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomechanik und Tunnelbau is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While scholars working on high and late medieval England and France have long been emphasising the significance of kings and their chanceries as driving forces for the use of the written word in administrative matters, scholars dealing with the Empire have painted a different picture: pragmatic literacy was first deployed by the towns, then by the magnates and lastly by the kings. This view, however, created a blind spot for the impact kings might have had on the activities of princely chanceries. This article addresses this theme by focussing on the subject of princely rank. In so doing it investigates when kings started issuing charters concerning the promotions to princely rank or dealing with the hierarchy among the princes. It then looks at the representation of such documents in princely cartularies by analysing the earliest cartularies of the counts palatine of the Rhine and the counts / dukes of Jülich respectively. It can be shown that these charters occupied a central position and may even have been the reason for the creation of the cartularies; they were key to the manifestation of princely rank. As a result, the idea that princely rank derived from the king - an idea the king himself was eager to promote in his charters - was enshrined in and communicated by these princely cartularies. These cartularies, therefore, did not paint an image of autonomous princely authority, but on the contrary, they portray a hierarchically ordered community of king and princes. In such a way the cartularies made their own small contribution to creating and maintaining the long-lasting idea of the Empire as a political configuration represented by the king and the princes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GENDER: Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spatial thinking of French Jesuit Michel de Certeau (1925- 1986) has been frequently discussed and put in context with the spatial turn. De Certeau's spatial theory is organized through a framework of dualistic key-categories: space and place, map and tour, strategy and tactic. However, his theory has more to offer than a formal pattern for describing spatial practices in urban space in the vein of French structuralism. The distinction between spaces and places rather holds a strong normative implication. His practical transformation from places into spaces thus not only plays an important role for his cultural history of everyday life developed in Arts de faire, but also in his work on historical writing and meta-historiography, and his research in early modern mysticism. This paper examines the main features of de Certeau's theory of space and their interdisciplinary appropriation, as well as discusses the potential of the spatial practice approach for social and cultural studies beyond the conceptualization of everyday practices of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ÖZP - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft is the property of Oesterreichische Zeitschrift fur Politikwissenschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologia Internationalis is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the application of the French Penal Code of 1810 by the French courts. The Code provided for the establishment in each department of a Court of Assizes (Courd'assises) to replace the Court of Criminal Justice (Cour de justice criminelle) , which itself succeeded the Criminal Court of the Revolution, and also greatly reformed investigation and prosecution. It is widely seen as significantly more severe than the Code of 1791, interested in preserving the interests and the authority of the state, but an analysis of the way in which it was used by the courts, here notably the Assize Court of Vienne, shows that the courts managed to show a more measured approach to prosecution and sentencing of concrete cases while remaining true to the spirit of the 1810 Penal Code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung (ZQF) is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Katalanistik is the property of Zeitschrift fur Katalanistik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gruppenpsychotherapie und Gruppendynamik: Beiträge zur Sozialpsychologie und therapeutischen Praxis is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrielle Beziehungen is the property of Rainer Hampp Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Charlie Hebdo Shooting" or "Attack against Charlie Hebdo"? What would be the better title for a Wikipedia article? This type of question arises every time Wikipedia community members create a new entry. Given the emblematic role of the titles, the process of choosing them is a difficult task which requires an intense collaboration process. The present study investigates the choice of the titles and focuses on the relationship between the title and the content of the article as well as the linguistic form of the title itself. With regard to the semantic appropriateness of the titles, we explore a corpus of articles on historical and recent events as well as on social groups defined either by physical or mental limitations or by their skin color. The choice of the linguistic forms is examined using entries that include foreign proper names and expressions affected by the orthographic reform of 1990 in France. The analysis shows that the collaborative construction of titles is very enriching in most cases and allows titles to attain clearer and more neutral forms that approach increasingly the neutral encyclopedic ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report on the perspective of ordinary soldiers in the Napoleonic Wars. Topics discussed here include letters from the Napoleonic Wars as historical sources, family background and military services of Stephan Wahlen, and the pictures depicted by Wahlen of soldiers, landscapes, and cities. Also being discussed is the sale of letters in the Napoleonic army.

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses a long-standing conflict between France's doctors and the Securité sociale owing to doctors' incomes. The social security system's deficits led to a July 1980 reordering of that relationship that sparked physician protests and a threat of a general strike. A co-payment check system was introduced that provides a paper trail of physician medicine and procedure prescriptions to be monitored by health insurance authorities. Doctors see their freedom threatened.

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In shaping the institution of the museum, the French revolutionaries similarly established it as a cultural agent resting upon specific cultural techniques which still account for its modernity down to the present day. On the backdrop of the all-embracing notion of the “new world" which the revolutionaries repetitiously made use of, the discussions about the creation of the Louvre outlined the museum's genuine cultural performance in terms of museification. The following article tries to develop this argument and expounds a poetics of the modern museum being essentially grounded, first, on the present as most important time line, second, on the aesthetics of the exhibits, and third, on the utopian moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents and discusses the poetics of the museum while basing on an historical investigation of the museum as an institution in France between the years 1790-1795. Thus, the article determines that the French revolutionaries that stood behind the establishment of the museum, based its concept on a set of cultural techniques that have remained relevant throughout history and thus play a role in the present as well. The revolutionaries used the narrative of "a new world" when creating the Louvre museum. The article consequently explores the poetics of the museum in modernity while concentrating on its aesthetics from an historical perspective.

The article discusses the impact of decolonization on the former colonialist empire France. The author argues that traditional historiography of the colonial era marginalised the effect of French colonialism on French culture and consciousness, and did not reflect adequately the violence of the processes of colonialism and decolonization in the social and the political arena. Topics mentioned include migration, racism, and cultural conflict in post-colonial France.

Copyright of Daphnis: Zeitschrift fuer Mittlere Deutsche Literatur und Kultur der Fruhen Neuzeit is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author analyses and defends the French referendum against Europe's new constitutional treaty. Even if the referendum was a disaster for the democratic legitimization of the EU, it had a significant democratic meaning, and hence came close to a first 'constitutional moment' of Europe. The referendum has made manifest the up-to-then latent crisis of legitimation. The crisis seems to be caused by new transnational relations of domination. A postnational soft Bonapartism is emerging. This new Bonapartism of the united executive bodies of Europe relies on a tremendous growth of informal power beyond state borders and beyond the law. The very political problem of Europe therefore is the re-legalization of informal power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious pluralism and the religiously induced behavior of minorities challenge the traditional understanding of those constitutional provisions which guarantee the freedom of religion. The article analyses, how freedom of religion is understood in the constitutional law of Germany, France and the United States. It reveals significant differences in the legal treatment of social behavior originating in religion. These differences offer insights how the law thinks and works: How it protects minorities and at the same time originates in a majority will. How it is both a democratic political means and an individual safeguard. How liberty is distributed between individuals and the society. The article takes the religious freedom clauses as an example for three different models in the civil rights theory and attributes them to Germany, France an the U.S. It explains these models with the rather different historical developments of individual rights in these countries and hence shows that our contemporary understanding of civil rights depends on their social, political and historical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]